treatments-xml/data/26/21/C9/2621C9F4952125581691806F773AE802.xml

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<mods:title id="E10CE1BA2FD925817AB79C0AF9074DBD">Pheidole Westwood, 1839 (Hymenoptera, Formicidae) of Madagascar - an introduction and a taxonomic revision of eleven species groups</mods:title>
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<treatment id="2621C9F4952125581691806F773AE802" ID-GBIF-Taxon="161777002" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:2621C9F4952125581691806F773AE802" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/2621C9F4952125581691806F773AE802" lastPageNumber="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" scope_family="Formicidae" scope_order="Hymenoptera">
<subSubSection id="F0041110C3C7DEC204A965D00D835ECA" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="1FD769FAD647C1B55FFDD20B0600AECA" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName id="321BBA25A308592F0871EA7142D08242" ID-CoL="4FYF7" authority="Forel, 1891" authorityName="Forel" authorityYear="1891" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pheidole" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pheidole longispinosa" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="longispinosa">Pheidole longispinosa Forel, 1891</taxonomicName>
<figureCitation id="7D784EB040840AE0E84C23B9CF5D2F31" captionStart="Figure 23" captionStartId="F23" captionText="Figure 23. Pheidole longispinosa Forel, full-face view (A), profile (C), and dorsal view (E) of minor worker (CASENT 0451282) and full-face view (B), profile (D), and dorsal view (F) of major worker (CASENT 0451284)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.905.39592.figure23" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/373070" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Figs 23A-F</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="8CE65D59AA5C99E4EFCFA6CA4D4A0DCB" captionStart="Figure 84" captionStartId="F84" captionText="Figure 84. Hypostomal teeth. Pheidole aelloea sp. nov. (A). P. ala sp. nov. (B). P. andapa sp. nov. (C). P. ankerana sp. nov. (D). P. annemariae Forel (E). P. avaratra sp. nov. (F). P. bemarahaensis sp. nov. (G). P. bemarivoensis sp. nov. (H). P. binara sp. nov. (I). P. boribora sp. nov. (J). P. brevipilosa sp. nov. (K). P. curvistriata sp. nov. (L). P. diakritos sp. nov. (M). P. ehazoara sp. nov. (N). P. ensifera Forel (O). P. ferruginea sp. nov. (P). P. fisaka sp. nov. (R). P. fitarata sp. nov. (S). P. glabra sp. nov. (T). P. goavana sp. nov. (U). P. lamperos sp. nov. (W). P. longipilosa sp. nov. (X). P. longispinosa Forel (Y). P. lutea sp. nov. (Z)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.905.39592.figure84" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/373131" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">, 84Y</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="40E72F34BC6D53B6838F7C81AB5459F2" captionStart="Figure 87" captionStartId="F87" captionText="Figure 87. Distribution. Pheidole lamperos sp. nov. (A). P. longipilosa sp. nov. (B). P. longispinosa Forel (C). P. lutea sp. nov. (D). P. madinika sp. nov. (E). P. mahaboensis sp. nov. (F). P. maizina sp. nov. (G). P. makaensis sp. nov. (H). P. makirovana sp. nov. (I). P. manantenensis sp. nov. (J). P. mantadia sp. nov. (K). P. marieannae sp. nov. (L). P. masoala sp. nov. (M). P. mavesatra sp. nov. (N). P. miramila sp. nov. (O). P. moramanaensis sp. nov. (P). P. navoatrensis sp. nov. (R). P. nemoralis Forel (S). P. ocypodea sp. nov. (T). P. parviocula sp. nov. (U)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.905.39592.figure87" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/373134" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">, 87C</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="DC68076E3B100F7938EA0E32474598ED" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="type material">
<paragraph id="3F6F110B7FE5216BD17633ACA0CB42AE" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Type material.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="B6E7F39962D78B665BAD64D9121259DA" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName id="6EDD6ECB5AFDB9AC6EEDBEED00DDC7A2" authorityName="Forel" authorityYear="1891" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pheidole" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pheidole longispinosa" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="longispinosa">
<emphasis id="F9B447957BEC38D5743B91557DEF66F1" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Pheidole longispinosa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Forel, 1891: 170, pl. 5, fig. 4 (s.w.q.). Lectotype [designated here]: major worker (top specimen, CASENT0101682): Madagascar, Antananarivo, Ambatomanjaka, Miarinarivo (MHNG) [examined]. Paralectotypes: 1 major worker (CASENT0810542, bottom specimen, the same pin as lectotype) (MHNG) [examined], 3 minor workers (1 pin, CASENT0101598, CASENT0923202, CASENT0923203) (MHNG) [examined], 1 dealate queen (CASENT0101657) (MHNG) [examined]: the same data as lectotype.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="A249C875C53156A9EE4E25C2CB4F9421" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="66B2426824D116E0F584C69047A40FEE" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Other material.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="3DAC8C5EE973A9EA20C97CE068568F11" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
Madagascar. - 
<emphasis id="CEA31246EC34283B9DD9515D83696F9A" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Antananarivo</emphasis>
: •12w., 2s.; 3 km 41°NE Andranomay, 11.5 km 147°SSE Anjozorobe; -18.47333, 47.96; alt. 1300 m; 5 Dec 2000; B.L. Fisher et al. leg.; CASENT0406929, CASENT0406930, CASENT0413533, CASENT0413537, CASENT0427722, CASENT0427724, CASENT0427725, CASENT0427733. •1 w.; Ambatolaona; 
<geoCoordinate id="26B3ABE6F6D0F0C99749BA8AF70B9B5B" degrees="18.928" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="55" value="-18.928">-18.928</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="DAA6EDAEA851838890AC1C4A25F106B8" degrees="47.88283" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="47.88283">47.88283</geoCoordinate>
; alt. 1382 m; 19 Feb 2007; B.L. Fisher et al. leg.; CASENT0120674 (CASC). •4w., 1s, 1q.; Mandraka; 
<geoCoordinate id="E073AF1636CC3A45932EBA70FC14F66A" degrees="18.91813" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="-18.91813">-18.91813</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="DED9FC134A3A88CEE9316DBB2F5FE194" degrees="47.91717" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="47.91717">47.91717</geoCoordinate>
; alt. 1312 m; 20 Mar 2014; B.L. Fisher et al. leg.; CASENT0377078, CASENT0378205, CASENT0378163, CASENT0378568 (CASC). •4w, 1m.; Mandraka Park; 
<geoCoordinate id="4E9EE1AB896452E413C9A185DF6E830C" degrees="18.9019" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="5" value="-18.9019">-18.9019</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="0A87D6D8C18299AC51159E26EB332A64" degrees="47.90786" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="47.90786">47.90786</geoCoordinate>
; 1360 m; 11 Mar 2012; B.L. Fisher et al. leg.; CASENT0275803, CASENT0275804, CASENT0275863 (CASC). •11w., 5s., 1m., 1q; Reg. Analamanga, St. 
<normalizedToken id="3242378F9A68092C8132DF49ACFFC528" originalValue="Forestière">Forestiere</normalizedToken>
Mandraka; 
<geoCoordinate id="A461BBFA1E2FF069809DA7C3D5302F38" degrees="18.9183" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="5" value="-18.9183">-18.9183</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="BE0BDC5869E7EAD27F9C697F4EA126EB" degrees="47.91687" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="47.91687">47.91687</geoCoordinate>
; alt. 1285 m; 25 Mar 2015; B.L. Fisher et al. leg.; CASENT0390404-CASENT0390406, CASENT0390415, CASENT0390429, CASENT0390496, CASENT0390497, CASENT0390506, CASENT0390533, CASENT0720697, CASENT0720833 (CASC); •3w., 1s.; Tsinjoarivo forest, Ankadivory; 
<geoCoordinate id="ED74A04F7160CCDEA3705C7A8814A622" degrees="19.71572" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="-19.71572">-19.71572</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="C2F60A0ACE6740F3CCA6B904F426688D" degrees="47.82084" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="47.82084">47.82084</geoCoordinate>
; alt. 1385 m; 23 Aug 2014; B.L. Fisher et al. leg.; CASENT0389650, CASENT0389655, CASENT0389682 (CASC). - 
<emphasis id="14652B9B1D952276011E82529DD6FC4D" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Antsiranana</emphasis>
: •1 w.; 9.2 km WSW Befingotra, 
<normalizedToken id="4885C04D2D51CF0F74887C80B5665FF6" originalValue="Rés">Res</normalizedToken>
. Anjanaharibe-Sud; -14.75, 49.46667; alt. 1280 m; 5 Nov 1994; B.L. Fisher leg.; CASENT0198233 (CASC). •3w., 1s., 2q; Betaolana Forest, along Bekona River; 
<geoCoordinate id="6199AA129124BEB2A94207EC3F75B2F4" degrees="14.52996" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="-14.52996">-14.52996</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="B90973F778E799D8214F98DEDEFEA486" degrees="49.44039" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="49.44039">49.44039</geoCoordinate>
; alt. 880 m; 4 Mar 2009; B.L. Fisher et al. leg.; CASENT0152375, CASENT0152403, CASENT0152410 (CASC).•3w.; Parc National de Marojejy, Manantenina River, 27.6 km 35°NE Andapa, 9.6 km 327°NNW Manantenina; -14.435, 49.76; alt. 775 m; 17 Nov 2003; B.L. Fisher leg.; CASENT0487914 (CASC). - 
<emphasis id="82B0F87B8E3CFC40E19607A5604513C0" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Fianarantsoa</emphasis>
: •5w., 2s.; 2 km W Andrambovato, along river Tatamaly; -21.51167, 47.41; alt. 1075 m; 3 Jun 2005; B.L. Fisher et al. leg.; CASENT0060852, CASENT0060853, CASENT0060932, CASENT0060933, CASENT0061669 (CASC). •1w.; 38 km S Ambalavao, 
<normalizedToken id="22757387181E2BD013F93F4FC8F12BF9" originalValue="Rés">Res</normalizedToken>
. Andringitra; -22.2, 46.96667; alt. 1680 m; 23 Oct 1993; B.L. Fisher leg.; CASENT0198397 (CASC). •3w., 1q.; 40 km S Ambalavao, 
<normalizedToken id="7B3AACDEC46D85CC94F60CA2205CF0B5" originalValue="Rés">Res</normalizedToken>
. Andringitra; 
<geoCoordinate id="D961BED6AFDD65F894CDFA27BC6FF5D3" degrees="22.21667" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="-22.21667">-22.21667</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="0903C8A5474B78FD868A0D6D36315505" degrees="46.96667" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="46.96667">46.96667</geoCoordinate>
; alt. 1275 m; 19 Oct 1993; B.L. Fisher leg.; CASENT0198376, CASENT0198377 (CASC). •7w, 1s., 1q.; 8.0 km NE Ivohibe; 
<geoCoordinate id="3D35465C0446DBB48B827C0EDF212838" degrees="22.42167" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="-22.42167">-22.42167</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="5627E67B66E6E4D1DAC81D51284B0006" degrees="46.89833" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="46.89833">46.89833</geoCoordinate>
; alt. 1200 m; 3 Nov 1997; B.L. Fisher leg.; CASENT0198369, CASENT0198371, CASENT0198803, CASENT0198868 (CASC). •4w., 3s., 1q.; Parc National Befotaka-Midongy, Papango 28.5 km S Midongy-Sud, Mount Papango; 
<geoCoordinate id="07A32E8D387E103BA618579565166DA0" degrees="23.84083" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="-23.84083">-23.84083</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="A78DC78F5756617D779EA51E68B54113" degrees="46.9575" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="5" value="46.9575">46.9575</geoCoordinate>
; alt. 1250 m; 17 Nov 2006; B.L. Fisher et al. leg.; CASENT0118416, CASENT0119618, CASENT0119592, CASENT0118442 (CASC). •7w., 1s., 1q.; R.S. Ivohibe 8.0 km E Ivohibe; 
<geoCoordinate id="33EC206BE8ECC5AE2D892C3951D26D8F" degrees="22.48333" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="-22.48333">-22.48333</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="C23148EF95BE7642D071C9CEF7B6F2CC" degrees="46.96833" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="46.96833">46.96833</geoCoordinate>
; alt. 1200 m; 15 Oct 1997; B.L. Fisher leg.; CASENT0196901, CASENT0198003, CASENT0198004, CASENT0198372, CASENT0198805, CASENT0198807, CASENT0198867 (CASC). - 
<emphasis id="4CCEC9BFC8E093597030872DB2436650" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Toamasina</emphasis>
: •1w.; [Morano-Chrome 
<normalizedToken id="3D207395D549C82DF83D8D933CAB6778" originalValue="forêt">foret</normalizedToken>
, 25 km W]; Morarano Chrome; Amparafaravola; -17.75, 47.98333; alt. 1276 m; 15 Jun 1991; A. Pauly leg.; CASENT0198378 (CASC). •1w., 1s., 1q.; 6.9 km NE Ambanizana, Ambohitsitondroina; -15.56667, 50; alt. 1000 m; 9 Dec 1993; B.L. Fisher leg.; CASENT0198379 (CASC). •1w.; Ambanizana, Parc National Masoala; 
<geoCoordinate id="31DC0AECF415537B6DAC04A1D28033E7" degrees="15.57167" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="-15.57167">-15.57167</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="6CD0925ED16B8A7353251ED82612154C" degrees="50.00611" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="50.00611">50.00611</geoCoordinate>
; alt. 800-897 m; 26 Feb 2003; Andriamalala D. et al. leg.; CASENT0047728 (CASC). •8w.; Ankerana; 
<geoCoordinate id="B7E268D69C4BA004863DE27AADCB1492" degrees="18.40636" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="-18.40636">-18.40636</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="967C2381CAD726F813D1D50E054E4E58" degrees="48.80254" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="48.80254">48.80254</geoCoordinate>
; alt. 1108 m; 19 Jan 2012; B.L. Fisher et al. leg.; CASENT0273728, CASENT0274171, CASENT0274172, CASENT0274173, CASENT0274993, CASENT0274994, CASENT0274994 (CASC). •1w., 1s.; Corridor Forestier Analamay-Mantadia, Tsaravoniana; 
<geoCoordinate id="8C67E683BC45FD4AE377358790CE0F81" degrees="18.76124" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="-18.76124">-18.76124</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="98FFCB833E10E9690C788720B5A2206E" degrees="48.42134" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="48.42134">48.42134</geoCoordinate>
; alt. 939 m; 2 Dec 2012; B.L. Fisher et al. leg.; CASENT0300341 (CASC). •3w., 2s.; F.C. Didy; 
<geoCoordinate id="9F784CA18F9BD5B7472E72E1CA377201" degrees="18.19833" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="-18.19833">-18.19833</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="0FFA102E798AB5C3F9C078DA427F359D" degrees="48.57833" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="48.57833">48.57833</geoCoordinate>
; alt. 960 m; 16 Dec 1998; Ratsirarson H.J. leg.; CASENT0198005, CASENT0198006, CASENT0198373 (CASC). •2w., 1s.; Montagne 
<normalizedToken id="F862953A2911FC35DCB07DB84E893345" originalValue="d’Anjanaharibe">d'Anjanaharibe</normalizedToken>
, 19.5 km 27°NNE Ambinanitelo; 
<geoCoordinate id="0DA3D4E3D02255F58B69416D4485B25D" degrees="15.17833" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="-15.17833">-15.17833</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="FDCEC973824CF3A61DB95E13FEC55B39" degrees="49.635" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="55" value="49.635">49.635</geoCoordinate>
; alt. 1100 m; 12 Mar 2003; B.L. Fisher et al. leg.; CASENT0037455, CASENT0037462, CASENT0048698, CASENT0048727 (CASC). •1w.; P.N. Mantadia; 
<geoCoordinate id="E5234DA6293380DF878AF089D06AC2DE" degrees="18.79167" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="-18.79167">-18.79167</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="3748F66CE686E4337198FE5391970B5E" degrees="48.42667" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="48.42667">48.42667</geoCoordinate>
; alt. 895 m; 25 Nov 1998; Ratsirarson H.J. leg.; CASENT0198384 (CASC). •1w., 1s.; Parc National 
<normalizedToken id="3DC721D1F3A8DE183CC0A11B051E5ECC" originalValue="d´">d'</normalizedToken>
Andasibe-Mantadia, 
<normalizedToken id="F5B1EBADB8C9949BE632BCA3E85B812D" originalValue="Forêt">Foret</normalizedToken>
de Mantadia, 25.7 km 248° Moramanga; 
<geoCoordinate id="C64BB18B41D15A7FC0EB2DEA10565915" degrees="18.81402" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="-18.81402">-18.81402</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="4F0A10D09F8A5D710F854A2924D8A14B" degrees="48.43028" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="48.43028">48.43028</geoCoordinate>
; alt. 1040 m; 13 Jul 2006; Raharimalala &amp; Blaimer leg.; CASENT0117442 (CASC). •1w., 1s.; Parc National de Zahamena, Onibe River; 
<geoCoordinate id="B8381801DEB21727D00E2FAA9621E683" degrees="17.75908" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="-17.75908">-17.75908</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="79C563D7A42B7851DD64B73A6647958A" degrees="48.85468" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="48.85468">48.85468</geoCoordinate>
; alt. 780 m; 21 Feb 2009; B.L. Fisher et al. leg.; CASENT0152053 (CASC). - 
<emphasis id="E5F94972D5FF255A17B6C4CA3958D779" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Toliara</emphasis>
: •7w., 1s., 1q.; 13 km NW Enkara, 
<normalizedToken id="8C6D085848BD9FF50023BB0920FD2BC2" originalValue="Rés">Res</normalizedToken>
Andohahela; -24.55, 46.8; alt. 1300 m; 2 Dec 1992; B.L. Fisher leg.; CASENT0198374, CASENT0198375, CASENT0198381, CASENT0198382 (CASC). •31w., 14s., 9q.; Anosy Region, Anosyenne Mts, 29.33 km NW Manantenina; 
<geoCoordinate id="CAC523CDDD2F7B99A34AC79403DE3F8D" degrees="24.13993" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="-24.13993">-24.13993</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="24282B970C7BFE43C1A6F8014C415EF6" degrees="47.07418" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="47.07418">47.07418</geoCoordinate>
; alt. 540 m; 21 Feb 2015; B.L. Fisher et al. leg.; CASENT0704727, CASENT0704727, CASENT0704749, CASENT0704780, CASENT0723465, CASENT0704473, CASENT0704200, CASENT0704201, CASENT0704205, CASENT0704206, CASENT0704217, CASENT0704218, CASENT0704226, CASENT0704227, CASENT0704228, CASENT0704229, CASENT0704242, CASENT0704245, CASENT0704273, CASENT0704353, CASENT0704354, CASENT0704355, CASENT0704393, CASENT0704394, CASENT0704867, CASENT0704874, CASENT0704886, CASENT0704887, CASENT0705875, CASENT0705877, CASENT0721001, CASENT0721005, CASENT0721007, CASENT0721009, CASENT0721013 (CASC). •20w., 2s.; Parc National 
<normalizedToken id="54D7D33943AF69A6BF7D9F90D6CDAC2B" originalValue="d’Andohahela">d'Andohahela</normalizedToken>
, Col du Sedro, 3.8 km 113°ESE Mahamavo, 37.6 km 341°NNW Tolagnaro; 
<geoCoordinate id="5EC45477081BDB4607FA149A40C92DC4" degrees="24.76389" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="-24.76389">-24.76389</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="33A081D4E7F4A358EB196440CF26D58F" degrees="46.75167" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="46.75167">46.75167</geoCoordinate>
; alt. 900 m; 21 Jan 2002; B.L. Fisher et al. leg.; CASENT0078380, CASENT0430695, CASENT0430759, CASENT0451281, CASENT0451303, CASENT0451309, CASENT0456249, CASENT0460156, CASENT0460158, CASENT0483964, CASENT0484129, CASENT0484130 (CASC). •3w.; Parc National de Kirindy Mite, 16.3 km 127°SE Belo sur Mer; 
<geoCoordinate id="2D77DFBC0772619E2333C78713666A8A" degrees="20.79528" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="-20.79528">-20.79528</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="2AD55D4426FA5A05F4C3A72D08683420" degrees="44.147" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="55" value="44.147">44.147</geoCoordinate>
; alt. 80 m; 6 Dec 2001; B.L. Fisher et al. leg.; CASENT0477205 (CASC). •5w. 2s.,1q.; 
<normalizedToken id="D2A09DE512629C487E5607111BD87F46" originalValue="Réserve">Reserve</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken id="B5CF0D3FB5168F89C6E4BF2CB1AF0AF5" originalValue="Spéciale">Speciale</normalizedToken>
Kalambatritra, Ambinanitelo; 
<geoCoordinate id="6858F7E4EBFC9378C2FF2FDDB1BBBF00" degrees="23.4502" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="5" value="-23.4502">-23.4502</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="AAEC284338D24D6DEEBF884B683215BD" degrees="46.45658" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="46.45658">46.45658</geoCoordinate>
; alt. 1325 m; 11 Feb 2009; B.L. Fisher et al. leg.; CASENT0148863, CASENT0148866, CASENT0149937-CASENT0149939 (CASC). •18w., 7s., 3m., 11q.; 
<normalizedToken id="314A1DD643C6A1D286FE6A9FD3DA55AE" originalValue="Réserve">Reserve</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken id="FE76ED247D1E4E4D8D57410D991B7C55" originalValue="Spéciale">Speciale</normalizedToken>
Kalambatritra, Ampanihy; 
<geoCoordinate id="8A15A41617C7358AB11A85F018AB464E" degrees="23.463" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="55" value="-23.463">-23.463</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="0A8EB4013EEA4F4A9517E3FBF2C10C16" degrees="46.47057" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="46.47057">46.47057</geoCoordinate>
; alt. 1269 m; 10 Feb 2009; B.L. Fisher et al. leg.; CASENT0148871, CASENT0148872, CASENT0148875, CASENT0148945, CASENT0148953, CASENT0148964, CASENT0148967, CASENT0148972, CASENT0148983, CASENT0148994, CASENT0148995, CASENT0148996, CASENT0149001, CASENT0149008, CASENT0149801, CASENT0149992, CASENT0150511, CASENT0150535, CASENT0151012, CASENT0151013, CASENT0151019, CASENT0151020, CASENT0152223, CASENT0153227, CASENT0235023 (CASC). •6w., 3s., 2q.; 
<normalizedToken id="D04BB0A74BD02B46A5E8B7C36B2B97DA" originalValue="Réserve">Reserve</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken id="3060B6E5BC23C22C273848498B049D8D" originalValue="Spéciale">Speciale</normalizedToken>
Kalambatritra, Befarara; 
<geoCoordinate id="B1E08F9F848C04F87034272C3B820F40" degrees="23.4178" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="5" value="-23.4178">-23.4178</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="FBB38D22F693C65F3DAC28C0B653AB99" degrees="46.4478" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="5" value="46.4478">46.4478</geoCoordinate>
; alt. 1390 m; 7 Feb 2009; B.L. Fisher et al. leg.; CASENT0149598, CASENT0149599, CASENT0149869, CASENT0149871, CASENT0150723 (CASC). •1w., 1s.; 
<normalizedToken id="C0D0E9E475E35F90867998BB95F4862C" originalValue="Réserve">Reserve</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken id="A5F80D9F71148F0594AA014585F3B11C" originalValue="Spéciale">Speciale</normalizedToken>
Kalambatritra, Betanana; 
<geoCoordinate id="A1F6752AA8F7EEF70CB5B9975C979A31" degrees="23.4144" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="5" value="-23.4144">-23.4144</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="792DF6CEBA1A6A89461DEE3BEAC82A6C" degrees="46.459" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="55" value="46.459">46.459</geoCoordinate>
; alt. 1360 m; 8 Feb 2009; B.L. Fisher et al. leg.; CASENT0148654 (CASC).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="3BAF35475232CA4520AD3DD4B53740AB" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="FD52D64D62CC35B6C362AD42F10D1C23" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="61BECBACF49591C5ADA6F29076789B9A" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis id="5E7DF722BDB0D5A4916AC39F66C20AEA" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis id="0A0403782D97667D2E46B54976FE6D6A" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Major workers</emphasis>
.
</emphasis>
Large species: HL: 2.62-3.0 (2.77), HW: 2.64-2.92 (2.75), WL: 1.88-2.14 (2.04); propodeal spines very long (PSL: 0.67-0.87 (0.73)); head in full-face view trapezoid, widened posteriorly; sides of the head without pilosity; frons with longitudinal rugae never reaching further than midlength of head; gaster smooth and shiny; body brown to dark brown. 
<emphasis id="D5B1279DB3934883FAC17E1C2ADABCB0" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis id="42652E70C58006FBF38ECE599778B748" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Minor workers</emphasis>
.
</emphasis>
Large species: HL: 0.99-1.15 (1.1), HW: 0.98-1.06 (1.0), WL: 1.62-1.76 (1.66); propodeal spines very long (PSL: 0.62-0.76 (0.69)); scape, when laid back, surpassing posterior head margin by more than half its length; mesosoma smooth and shiny, only anepisternum, katepisternum, and propodeum sometimes with indistinct and sparse superficial rugulae; promesonotal groove absent; metanotal groove shallow and wide.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="3965A25767CE7F6E8152251E5B3DB529" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="redescription">
<paragraph id="132FF71671D949870A0179B255E01907" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Redescription.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="FE7EAF874BF16A52AEF0A74A1246FEDB" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis id="E9AFC8286ECF5ED6ED1548C2C1D6B942" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Major workers.</emphasis>
Measurements (
<emphasis id="492722997E344F4A512B19261F5A8880" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">N</emphasis>
= 10): HL: 2.62-3.0 (2.77); HW: 2.64-2.92 (2.75); SL: 1.24-1.35 (1.3); EL: 0.24-0.28 (0.26); WL: 1.88-2.14 (2.04); PSL: 0.67-0.87 (0.73); MTL: 1.39-1.55 (1.46); PNW: 0.8-0.97 (0.89); PTW: 0.23-0.31 (0.27); PPW: 0.68-0.82 (0.75); CI: 94.3-106.4 (99.3); SI: 43.9-50.9 (47.4); PSLI: 24.1-29.0 (26.5); PPI: 30.1-42.3 (35.4); PNI: 30.45-33.38 (32.4); MTI: 49.6-57.6 (53.0). 
<emphasis id="158E498D72F7695235A5FD048DAAB74F" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis id="24E9A7B6EACEF5128CA58FE04C9CF2C9" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Head</emphasis>
.
</emphasis>
In full-face view trapezoid, widened posteriorly (Fig. 
<figureCitation id="91ED37BA5E77B5F70C6B7048AD05440C" captionStart="Figure 23" captionStartId="F23" captionText="Figure 23. Pheidole longispinosa Forel, full-face view (A), profile (C), and dorsal view (E) of minor worker (CASENT 0451282) and full-face view (B), profile (D), and dorsal view (F) of major worker (CASENT 0451284)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.905.39592.figure23" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/373070" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">23B</figureCitation>
). In lateral view sub-oval; ventral and dorsal faces convex; inner hypostomal teeth visible. Sides of the head without pilosity; frons and vertex with few, long, erect setae. Antennal scrobes absent or very indistinct. Occipital lobes, genae, posterior part of frons smooth and shiny; lateral sides of head and genae with sparse, partially fading superficial rugulae; centre of frons shiny with fine, thin, longitudinal rugae reaching at most to midlength of head; malar area with fine, thin, longitudinal rugae. Centre of clypeus smooth and shiny, lateral sides with fine and sparse rugae; median notch present, shallow, and wide; median longitudinal carina absent; lateral longitudinal carinae absent. Scape, when laid back, reaching midlength of head; pilosity suberect to erect (Fig. 
<figureCitation id="3D13C63FB1328D8DB0E98C56C2C88B71" captionStart="Figure 23" captionStartId="F23" captionText="Figure 23. Pheidole longispinosa Forel, full-face view (A), profile (C), and dorsal view (E) of minor worker (CASENT 0451282) and full-face view (B), profile (D), and dorsal view (F) of major worker (CASENT 0451284)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.905.39592.figure23" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/373070" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">23B, D</figureCitation>
). Inner hypostomal teeth distinct, low, triangular and thick, with rounded apex, closely spaced; outer hypostomal teeth distinct, slightly smaller and thinner than inner hypostomal teeth, lobe-like (Fig. 
<figureCitation id="934B1A88469423C169785FB23236BE76" captionStart="Figure 84" captionStartId="F84" captionText="Figure 84. Hypostomal teeth. Pheidole aelloea sp. nov. (A). P. ala sp. nov. (B). P. andapa sp. nov. (C). P. ankerana sp. nov. (D). P. annemariae Forel (E). P. avaratra sp. nov. (F). P. bemarahaensis sp. nov. (G). P. bemarivoensis sp. nov. (H). P. binara sp. nov. (I). P. boribora sp. nov. (J). P. brevipilosa sp. nov. (K). P. curvistriata sp. nov. (L). P. diakritos sp. nov. (M). P. ehazoara sp. nov. (N). P. ensifera Forel (O). P. ferruginea sp. nov. (P). P. fisaka sp. nov. (R). P. fitarata sp. nov. (S). P. glabra sp. nov. (T). P. goavana sp. nov. (U). P. lamperos sp. nov. (W). P. longipilosa sp. nov. (X). P. longispinosa Forel (Y). P. lutea sp. nov. (Z)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.905.39592.figure84" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/373131" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">84Y</figureCitation>
). 
<emphasis id="AE57BD448E2F8D5EF5CD6B4A5C3B72A2" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis id="9327A081BEA186B169B92E685B28711D" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Mesosoma</emphasis>
.
</emphasis>
In lateral view, promesonotum low, short, and relatively flat; pronotum slightly convex; dorsal mesonotum concave; posterior mesonotum relatively steep; promesonotal groove absent; metanotal groove absent; propodeal spines very long, massive basally, with acute apex; humeral area laterally either weakly or not produced (Fig. 
<figureCitation id="CABA9EE54BEFDD968B4F8FCDF80D27B1" captionStart="Figure 23" captionStartId="F23" captionText="Figure 23. Pheidole longispinosa Forel, full-face view (A), profile (C), and dorsal view (E) of minor worker (CASENT 0451282) and full-face view (B), profile (D), and dorsal view (F) of major worker (CASENT 0451284)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.905.39592.figure23" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/373070" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">23D</figureCitation>
). Surface shiny and smooth with weak, sparse, and irregular rugae on pronotum and lateral sides of propodeum. Pilosity very sparse, short, and decumbent; dorsum with few additional, long, erect setae (Fig. 
<figureCitation id="D26EA39D7F5613644374F4F9FEF1CD6C" captionStart="Figure 23" captionStartId="F23" captionText="Figure 23. Pheidole longispinosa Forel, full-face view (A), profile (C), and dorsal view (E) of minor worker (CASENT 0451282) and full-face view (B), profile (D), and dorsal view (F) of major worker (CASENT 0451284)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.905.39592.figure23" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/373070" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">23D, F</figureCitation>
). 
<emphasis id="E8B94FAA78E21475A4FC3CDA1E60FA2D" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis id="8BA91C76CD872041A2D47270CD1441BA" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Petiole</emphasis>
.
</emphasis>
Smooth and shiny; peduncle long and thin, superficially rugulose ventrally; node triangular, with rounded apex, in rear view node dorsoventrally depressed; pilosity sparse, short, and erect (Fig. 
<figureCitation id="96BF4ED7E685A24369DC532E86C81C3F" captionStart="Figure 23" captionStartId="F23" captionText="Figure 23. Pheidole longispinosa Forel, full-face view (A), profile (C), and dorsal view (E) of minor worker (CASENT 0451282) and full-face view (B), profile (D), and dorsal view (F) of major worker (CASENT 0451284)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.905.39592.figure23" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/373070" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">23D, F</figureCitation>
). 
<emphasis id="4DEF88F24146C9347774B4280F5A073E" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis id="CBD96CA5B1171F36F1DC684C51E05366" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Postpetiole</emphasis>
.
</emphasis>
Smooth and shiny; in dorsal view sides with acute, narrow, moderately short triangular projections; pilosity short to long, sparse, and erect (Fig. 
<figureCitation id="399A8B5ACE5C43097BED8944DF5584CD" captionStart="Figure 23" captionStartId="F23" captionText="Figure 23. Pheidole longispinosa Forel, full-face view (A), profile (C), and dorsal view (E) of minor worker (CASENT 0451282) and full-face view (B), profile (D), and dorsal view (F) of major worker (CASENT 0451284)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.905.39592.figure23" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/373070" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">23D, F</figureCitation>
). 
<emphasis id="EEACD37DD1242771B9C3EBB306F8847E" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis id="17C6C6ED2F36EB4D006A16EA0087236C" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Gaster</emphasis>
.
</emphasis>
Smooth and shiny; pilosity sparse, erect, and long (Fig. 
<figureCitation id="CBB309217806721736A34F53A6F19820" captionStart="Figure 23" captionStartId="F23" captionText="Figure 23. Pheidole longispinosa Forel, full-face view (A), profile (C), and dorsal view (E) of minor worker (CASENT 0451282) and full-face view (B), profile (D), and dorsal view (F) of major worker (CASENT 0451284)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.905.39592.figure23" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/373070" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">23D, F</figureCitation>
). 
<emphasis id="858A3EE1132A61CDC1432228D02BB1C0" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis id="D3C1CCC5B836107071D8682D65397452" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Colour</emphasis>
.
</emphasis>
Unicolourous, brown to dark brown (Fig. 
<figureCitation id="AC00BCDAB12238A6D291E491FBA4B343" captionStart="Figure 23" captionStartId="F23" captionText="Figure 23. Pheidole longispinosa Forel, full-face view (A), profile (C), and dorsal view (E) of minor worker (CASENT 0451282) and full-face view (B), profile (D), and dorsal view (F) of major worker (CASENT 0451284)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.905.39592.figure23" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/373070" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">23D, F</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<caption id="3E0603D99FB307E7E9D6808DEE8F385A" doi="10.3897/zookeys.905.39592.figure23" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/373070" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" start="Figure 23" startId="F23">
<paragraph id="3BC1F7253A920222D6827C26D7E80895" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis id="D6C5C188017E8B819987B216B008A938" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Figure 23.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="C34E18BB7AEAFAEF651AD9034AFB370A" authorityName="Forel" authorityYear="1891" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pheidole" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pheidole longispinosa" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="longispinosa">
<emphasis id="B4CFD497138FF1CD8E9C6A5F29771C37" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Pheidole longispinosa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Forel, full-face view (
<emphasis id="3F9C473BFFEF26A0B5EAA0D10EE1C73E" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">A</emphasis>
), profile (
<emphasis id="62CB4FDB332849996EE974C0BD040861" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C</emphasis>
), and dorsal view (
<emphasis id="E9311EE717FBFAE92DA9E6347C89FD77" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">E</emphasis>
) of minor worker (CASENT0451282) and full-face view (
<emphasis id="255BC1152E533F6AF8F17A93BD38E1C2" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">B</emphasis>
), profile (
<emphasis id="E31A7EC5CE066909DFB9BDE85262052A" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">D</emphasis>
), and dorsal view (
<emphasis id="8A1DAB5530F82CC062C35451754409B5" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">F</emphasis>
) of major worker (CASENT0451284).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="3D09DEA29BD67791D2EF8F4B42BD29F4" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis id="888D99F8E05E20BC9EED30B17B4A1045" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Minor workers.</emphasis>
Measurements (
<emphasis id="565794C22E4664B36F55B4746A962803" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">N</emphasis>
= 10): HL: 0.99-1.15 (1.1); HW: 0.98-1.06 (1.0); SL: 1.35-1.47 (1.4); EL: 0.14-0.21 (0.18); WL: 1.62-1.76 (1.66); PSL: 0.62-0.76 (0.69); MTL: 1.21-1.29 (1.24); PNW: 0.65-0.7 (0.67); PTW: 0.13-0.17 (0.16); PPW: 0.22-0.27 (0.25); CI: 88.3-99.1 (91.3); SI: 136.7-144.4 (139.7); PSLI: 56.8-67.8 (62.5); PPI: 56.3-66.9 (62.9); PNI: 65.6-68.3 (66.9); MTI: 121.3-128.1 (124.4). 
<emphasis id="BFF450BAEA37497D1C3FD15282249AF9" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis id="0DE7206F0C6CAA83FBE4E02160BF5EC1" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Head</emphasis>
.
</emphasis>
Occipital margin convex; occipital carina narrow, weakly developed (Fig. 
<figureCitation id="A7957E5E5AE2AF0BC5EA8067B6D0CECF" captionStart="Figure 23" captionStartId="F23" captionText="Figure 23. Pheidole longispinosa Forel, full-face view (A), profile (C), and dorsal view (E) of minor worker (CASENT 0451282) and full-face view (B), profile (D), and dorsal view (F) of major worker (CASENT 0451284)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.905.39592.figure23" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/373070" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">23A</figureCitation>
). Pilosity sparse, long, and erect on frons and median part of occiput. Sculpture smooth and shiny on the whole surface, only antennal sockets with sparse carinae curved outward. Clypeus with median longitudinal carina absent; two lateral longitudinal carinae present. Scape, when laid back, surpassing posterior head margin by more than half of its length; pilosity suberect to erect (Fig. 
<figureCitation id="F8D06DF8AD36DBCC4B4D205CB5BE515F" captionStart="Figure 23" captionStartId="F23" captionText="Figure 23. Pheidole longispinosa Forel, full-face view (A), profile (C), and dorsal view (E) of minor worker (CASENT 0451282) and full-face view (B), profile (D), and dorsal view (F) of major worker (CASENT 0451284)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.905.39592.figure23" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/373070" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">23A, C</figureCitation>
). 
<emphasis id="5A17A3474A95C55D8F2805937EF46E8B" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis id="D8D259215C60A67F60BB12D55540922C" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Mesosoma</emphasis>
.
</emphasis>
In lateral view, promesonotum low, long, and slightly convex; promesonotal groove absent; metanotal groove indistinct and wide; propodeal spines very long, massive basally, with acute apex (Fig. 
<figureCitation id="553611036265C26C7368CF00298B6A5D" captionStart="Figure 23" captionStartId="F23" captionText="Figure 23. Pheidole longispinosa Forel, full-face view (A), profile (C), and dorsal view (E) of minor worker (CASENT 0451282) and full-face view (B), profile (D), and dorsal view (F) of major worker (CASENT 0451284)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.905.39592.figure23" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/373070" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">23C</figureCitation>
). Surface smooth and shiny, only anepisternum, katepisternum, and propodeum sometimes with indistinct and sparse superficial rugulae. Pilosity absent or short, very sparse, suberect (Fig. 
<figureCitation id="CB80F3108FD188B515A41FEC7A3C75BF" captionStart="Figure 23" captionStartId="F23" captionText="Figure 23. Pheidole longispinosa Forel, full-face view (A), profile (C), and dorsal view (E) of minor worker (CASENT 0451282) and full-face view (B), profile (D), and dorsal view (F) of major worker (CASENT 0451284)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.905.39592.figure23" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/373070" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">23C, E</figureCitation>
). 
<emphasis id="C6B927CFFA38E55E13F6C3A162B4DDD2" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis id="EB3E50A28E5D053C0993D17026B42AFC" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Petiole</emphasis>
.
</emphasis>
Smooth and shiny; peduncle long and thin; node bulge-like with rounded apex; pilosity absent (Fig. 
<figureCitation id="3FAA370CD0961BC25C2E73AD7BA8B924" captionStart="Figure 23" captionStartId="F23" captionText="Figure 23. Pheidole longispinosa Forel, full-face view (A), profile (C), and dorsal view (E) of minor worker (CASENT 0451282) and full-face view (B), profile (D), and dorsal view (F) of major worker (CASENT 0451284)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.905.39592.figure23" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/373070" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">23C, E</figureCitation>
). 
<emphasis id="5AF5E64188EA64C565019A19501914E7" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis id="E6CFA5A59D5FB1E5D5369C4FD7CF92D7" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Postpetiole</emphasis>
.
</emphasis>
Moderately long, low, and with slightly convex dorsum; with two long, erect setae at the anterior edge (Fig. 
<figureCitation id="F596B62086F8509E3829A2AB3158834B" captionStart="Figure 23" captionStartId="F23" captionText="Figure 23. Pheidole longispinosa Forel, full-face view (A), profile (C), and dorsal view (E) of minor worker (CASENT 0451282) and full-face view (B), profile (D), and dorsal view (F) of major worker (CASENT 0451284)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.905.39592.figure23" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/373070" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">23C, E</figureCitation>
). 
<emphasis id="83704772006AFB359232338710015EA9" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis id="1A5DD5F8C78ED3FF7EE571D273842739" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Gaster</emphasis>
.
</emphasis>
With few long, erect setae (Fig. 
<figureCitation id="F95904848D011FBBDE0471429CE106DF" captionStart="Figure 23" captionStartId="F23" captionText="Figure 23. Pheidole longispinosa Forel, full-face view (A), profile (C), and dorsal view (E) of minor worker (CASENT 0451282) and full-face view (B), profile (D), and dorsal view (F) of major worker (CASENT 0451284)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.905.39592.figure23" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/373070" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">23C, E</figureCitation>
). 
<emphasis id="4ED41133778D90F3128C83B91E2FE059" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis id="0F22376EF3437BAB13908AA1196424D9" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Colour</emphasis>
.
</emphasis>
Unicolourous, brown to dark brown (Fig. 
<figureCitation id="AFA0AC86DE6335CB12D926458057C00E" captionStart="Figure 23" captionStartId="F23" captionText="Figure 23. Pheidole longispinosa Forel, full-face view (A), profile (C), and dorsal view (E) of minor worker (CASENT 0451282) and full-face view (B), profile (D), and dorsal view (F) of major worker (CASENT 0451284)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.905.39592.figure23" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/373070" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">23C, E</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="97BC677D88703E04497C14796E785605" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="biology_ecology">
<paragraph id="690F900A6225802D8ECE2F1483085F6E" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Biology.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="584343E3AF0F3347BA7D420978D0EA23" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">The species was collected at between 80-1680 m in elevation, in montane rainforest, montane shrubland, thicket, tropical dry forest, and urban areas. Nests were located in rotten logs, tree stumps, soil, and rock crevasses.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="B06B5CC3040C5AB276A460291695E511" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="comments">
<paragraph id="431004DCDFFEE93E132674DAF9D5E7D6" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Comments.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F71032963658E21A1FB59047AB7E57AF" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
This species is most similar to 
<taxonomicName id="50462BBF2C8F5F17E377EC0BE7F11A98" lsidName="P. mahaboensis" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="mahaboensis">
<emphasis id="E11497C3556998DD0E36D2DCE4B9A494" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">P. mahaboensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. nov. and 
<taxonomicName id="7FA217697BAE6AF13427A198AE4C24FF" lsidName="P. praegrandis" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="praegrandis">
<emphasis id="0F666F8073BFAE7174F31647D94AF9F1" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">P. praegrandis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. nov. 
<emphasis id="D46939720C7170AE46D9C298D1A8ECCF" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis id="FBF0DA399051D688A458B7E18B387F01" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Major workers</emphasis>
.
</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="8ED4F0848E5A3AE75F3475BE4EBEB5DB" authorityName="Forel" authorityYear="1891" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pheidole" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pheidole longispinosa" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="longispinosa">
<emphasis id="A4EBDD3C6CAF17FA54AA1E99BB95C4E4" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Pheidole longispinosa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
can be distinguished from 
<taxonomicName id="D07BC2FF5EE3FAF150E0637C20F27872" lsidName="P. mahaboensis" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="mahaboensis">
<emphasis id="B33DE10FF7D62EC3AAE2F94BE92FF69B" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">P. mahaboensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. nov. by absence of metanotal groove, lack of pilosity at the sides of head, and longitudinal rugae never reaching further than midlength of head; from 
<taxonomicName id="571D57DD7B37C29E45FDA34589092AC9" lsidName="P. praegrandis" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="praegrandis">
<emphasis id="DFBA8269D9B2FF2CF52991E4F3E72754" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">P. praegrandis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. nov. by brighter body colouration, reduced head sculpture, and not shagreened first gastral tergite and head. 
<emphasis id="696F793ABFCFFC3EC30703FA0F21EFDB" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis id="269F7C003ACBE5B100289E918A931E1F" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Minor workers</emphasis>
.
</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="59F5F6418B62EF14ACA2656D05BCD08A" authorityName="Forel" authorityYear="1891" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pheidole" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pheidole longispinosa" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="longispinosa">
<emphasis id="FB6C63D816DB4134AD67A417CE62853D" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Pheidole longispinosa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
can be distinguished from 
<taxonomicName id="7A22E7110BC7C1003B5A571443E24B42" lsidName="P. mahaboensis" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="mahaboensis">
<emphasis id="A3759578C167E70DC0F05D3482EE0E0F" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">P. mahaboensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. nov. by absence of promesonotal groove, shallow and wide metanotal groove and reduced sculpture on mesosoma; from 
<taxonomicName id="4A9E98467070B9699194DDAF7607E582" lsidName="P. praegrandis" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="praegrandis">
<emphasis id="8C3B047799E30E060BEB28A87CF914B8" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">P. praegrandis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. nov. by mostly smooth and shiny sculpture of head and mesosoma, which is never rugoreticulate.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>