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<document id="9A6CF730202761C7A2AA8734DCFABC84" ID-CLB-Dataset="30245" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4410.2.5" ID-GBIF-Dataset="e3ac0934-a6ef-4a3e-b3d5-606c348e73dc" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="1221622" ID-ZooBank="03410832-3508-4DE7-A4CF-D0D458E0069A" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1524196498995" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Fontana, Tayara, Cóndor-Luján, Báslavi, Azevedo, Fernanda, Pérez, Thierry &amp; Klautau, Michelle" docDate="2018" docId="225F2A0CFFB4FFD50BFD2FAE90A1B4E6" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4410.2.5.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4410 (2)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Leucaltis clathria : Haeckel 1872" docType="treatment" docVersion="8" lastPageNumber="356" masterDocId="DE665274FFA3FFCC0B6A2D53945CB375" masterDocTitle="Diversity and distribution patterns of Calcareous sponges (subclass Calcinea) from Martinique" masterLastPageNumber="369" masterPageNumber="331" pageNumber="354" updateTime="1698538465454" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="9263FA8EC9EC5C371966EB89484FB360">Diversity and distribution patterns of Calcareous sponges (subclass Calcinea) from Martinique</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="6888560951A4C0BB73343B03BDA5B370">Fontana, Tayara</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="7B2620C712E3655C7628C0FBC69D777D">Cóndor-Luján, Báslavi</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="DAA47A824CB08006E8DCEA645F1D3567">Azevedo, Fernanda</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="08FD1C454251C4B758C810554A03F980">Pérez, Thierry</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="43B20D0DB04BCFF0D8D094CF9BC0061E">Klautau, Michelle</mods:namePart>
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<mods:number id="72B7FE912F2E187F8B46FD2D21C0ED36">4410</mods:number>
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<treatment id="225F2A0CFFB4FFD50BFD2FAE90A1B4E6" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5966597" ID-GBIF-Taxon="143618768" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5966597" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:225F2A0CFFB4FFD50BFD2FAE90A1B4E6" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/225F2A0CFFB4FFD50BFD2FAE90A1B4E6" lastPageId="25" lastPageNumber="356" pageId="23" pageNumber="354">
<subSubSection id="E2ECC891FFB4FFDB0BFD2FAE95EBB04D" pageId="23" pageNumber="354" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="AA499B1AFFB4FFDB0BFD2FAE967DB062" blockId="23.[151,545,765,825]" box="[151,545,765,791]" pageId="23" pageNumber="354">
<heading id="F1012C76FFB4FFDB0BFD2FAE967DB062" bold="true" box="[151,545,765,791]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="23" pageNumber="354" reason="1">
<taxonomicName id="6DF6E099FFB4FFDB0BFD2FAE967DB062" ID-CoL="6Q4C7" authority="Haeckel, 1872" authorityName=": Haeckel" authorityYear="1872" box="[151,545,765,791]" class="Calcarea" family="Leucaltidae" genus="Leucaltis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clathrinida" pageId="23" pageNumber="354" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="clathria">
<emphasis id="98824708FFB4FFDB0BFD2FAE967DB062" bold="true" box="[151,545,765,791]" pageId="23" pageNumber="354">
<emphasis id="98824708FFB4FFDB0BFD2FAE9537B062" bold="true" box="[151,363,765,791]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="354">Leucaltis clathria</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="CE67E6EBFFB4FFDB0A192FAE967DB062" box="[371,545,765,791]" pageId="23" pageNumber="354" refId="ref13633" refString="Haeckel, E. (1872) Die Kalkschwamme, eine Monographie. G. Reimer, Berlin, 418 pp." type="book">Haeckel, 1872</bibRefCitation>
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="AA499B1AFFB4FFDB0BFD2E7395EBB04D" blockId="23.[151,545,765,825]" box="[151,439,800,825]" pageId="23" pageNumber="354">
(
<figureCitation id="32CD879FFFB4FFDB0BF42E73951FB04D" box="[158,323,800,825]" captionStart-0="FIGURE11" captionStart-1="FIGURE 12" captionStartId-0="24.[151,250,1501,1523]" captionStartId-1="25.[151,250,1359,1381]" captionTargetBox-0="[340,1247,194,1479]" captionTargetBox-1="[151,1436,266,1337]" captionTargetId-0="figure@24.[340,1247,194,1479]" captionTargetId-1="figure@25.[151,1436,266,1337]" captionTargetPageId-0="24" captionTargetPageId-1="25" captionText-0="FIGURE11. Leucaltis clathria (UFRJPOR 7671).A. Specimen in situ. B. Specimenin ethanol.C. Larvae in the choanosome. D. Cross-section showing tangential cortical triactines and a large tetractine whose apical actine crosses the choanosome and penetrates the atrium. E. SEM micrograph of a tangential section of the atrial wall with sagittal triactines and tetractines and with two apical actines of cortical tetractines protruding into the atrium.F. SEM micrograph of a tangentialsection of the atrial wall showing sagittal triactines and tetractines.G. Choanosomal skeleton composedof small regular triactines and tetractines." captionText-1="FIGURE 12. Leucaltis clathria (UFRJPOR 7671). A. Triactine I. B. Tetractine I. C. Apical actine of a tetractine I (arrow). D. Sagittal triactine II. E. Sagittal tetractine II." httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/1221644/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/1221646/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="354">Figures 11–12</figureCitation>
,
<tableCitation id="E774AEA1FFB4FFDB0A242E7395F2B04D" box="[334,430,800,825]" captionStart="TABLE 11" captionStartId="23.[151,239,1462,1485]" captionText="TABLE 11. Spicule measurements of Leucaltisclathria (UFRJPOR 7671)." pageId="23" pageNumber="354">Table 11</tableCitation>
)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="E2ECC891FFB4FFDB0BFD2E3B9759B0AF" pageId="23" pageNumber="354" type="description">
<paragraph id="AA499B1AFFB4FFDB0BFD2E3B9759B0AF" blockId="23.[151,1437,872,986]" pageId="23" pageNumber="354">
<emphasis id="98824708FFB4FFDB0BFD2E3B9550B00B" bold="true" box="[151,268,872,894]" pageId="23" pageNumber="354">Synonyms.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="6DF6E099FFB4FFDB0A782E3A96DAB00B" authority=": Haeckel 1872: 159" authorityName="Haeckel" authorityPageNumber="159" authorityYear="1872" box="[274,646,872,894]" class="Calcarea" family="Grantiidae" genus="Artynas" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leucosolenida" pageId="23" pageNumber="354" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="clathria">
<emphasis id="98824708FFB4FFDB0A782E3A95EBB00B" box="[274,439,872,894]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="354">Artynas clathria</emphasis>
:
<bibRefCitation id="CE67E6EBFFB4FFDB0AAF2E3B9608B00B" box="[453,596,872,894]" pageId="23" pageNumber="354" refId="ref13633" refString="Haeckel, E. (1872) Die Kalkschwamme, eine Monographie. G. Reimer, Berlin, 418 pp." type="book">Haeckel 1872</bibRefCitation>
: 159
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="6DF6E099FFB4FFDB09FA2E3A903FB00B" authority=": Polejaeff 1883: 45" authorityName="Polejaeff" authorityPageNumber="45" authorityYear="1883" box="[656,1123,872,894]" class="Calcarea" family="Leucaltidae" genus="Heteropegma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clathrinida" pageId="23" pageNumber="354" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="nodusgordii">
<emphasis id="98824708FFB4FFDB09FA2E3A97C5B00B" box="[656,921,872,894]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="354">Heteropegma nodusgordii</emphasis>
: Poléjaeff 1883: 45
</taxonomicName>
,
<bibRefCitation id="CE67E6EBFFB4FFDB0F062E3B915FB00B" box="[1132,1283,872,894]" pageId="23" pageNumber="354" refId="ref13655" refString="Hanitsch, R. (1895) Notes on a collection of sponges from the west coast of Portugal. In Transactions of the Liverpool Biological Society, 9, 205 - 219." type="journal article">Hanitsch 1895</bibRefCitation>
: 209.
<taxonomicName id="6DF6E099FFB4FFDB0E552E3B95B0B0E9" authority=": Haeckel 1872: 159" authorityName=": Haeckel" authorityPageNumber="159" authorityYear="1872" class="Calcarea" family="Leucaltidae" genus="Leucaltis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clathrinida" pageId="23" pageNumber="354" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="clathria">
<emphasis id="98824708FFB4FFDB0E552E3B954BB0E9" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="354">Leucaltis clathria</emphasis>
:
<bibRefCitation id="CE67E6EBFFB4FFDB0A4D2ED595E4B0E9" box="[295,440,902,924]" pageId="23" pageNumber="354" refId="ref13633" refString="Haeckel, E. (1872) Die Kalkschwamme, eine Monographie. G. Reimer, Berlin, 418 pp." type="book">Haeckel 1872</bibRefCitation>
: 159
</taxonomicName>
, Dendy 1913: 16,
<bibRefCitation id="CE67E6EBFFB4FFDB09DA2ED59776B0E9" box="[688,810,902,924]" pageId="23" pageNumber="354" refId="ref12286" refString="Arndt, W. (1940) Eine neuere Ausbeute von Meeresschwammen der West und Sudkuste Portugals. Memorias do Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de Coimbra, 116, 1 - 75." type="journal article">Arndt 1940</bibRefCitation>
: 46,
<bibRefCitation id="CE67E6EBFFB4FFDB08342ED59023B0E9" box="[862,1151,902,924]" pageId="23" pageNumber="354" refId="ref12587" refString="Borojevic, R. &amp; Peixinho, S. (1976) Eponges calcaires des cotes nord et nord-est du Bresil. Bulletin du Museum d'histoire Naturelle de Paris, 402, 987 - 1036." type="journal article">Borojevic &amp; Peixinho 1976</bibRefCitation>
: 1002,
<bibRefCitation id="CE67E6EBFFB4FFDB0FA72ED5912CB0E9" box="[1229,1392,902,924]" pageId="23" pageNumber="354" refId="ref12502" refString="Borojevic, R. (1998) Sponges of the New Caledonian Lagoon: class Calcarea. The calcareous sponges. In: Levi, C. (Ed.), Sponges of the New Caledonian Lagoon. Collection Faune et Flore Tropicales. Vol. 33. ORSTOM, Paris, pp. 73 - 79." type="book">Borojevic 1998</bibRefCitation>
: 75,
<bibRefCitation id="CE67E6EBFFB4FFDB0BAD2EF695F8B0CE" box="[199,420,933,955]" pageId="23" pageNumber="354" refId="ref12623" refString="Borojevic, R., Boury-Esnault, N., Manuel, M. &amp; Vacelet, J. (2002) Order Clathrinida Hartman, 1958. In: Hooper, J. N. A. &amp; Van Soest, R. W. M. (Eds.), Systema Porifera: a guide to the classification of sponges. KluwerAcademic / Plenum Publishers, NewYork, pp. 1141 - 1152. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / 978 - 1 - 4615 - 0747 - 5 _ 115" type="book chapter">
Borojevic
<emphasis id="98824708FFB4FFDB0A582EF5953AB0CE" box="[306,358,933,955]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="354">et al.</emphasis>
2002
</bibRefCitation>
: 1148, Muricy
<emphasis id="98824708FFB4FFDB092A2EF59629B0CE" box="[576,629,933,955]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="354">et al.</emphasis>
2008: 131,
<bibRefCitation id="CE67E6EBFFB4FFDB099A2EF597F5B0CE" box="[752,937,933,955]" pageId="23" pageNumber="354" refId="ref14094" refString="Lanna, E., Cavalcanti, F. F., Cardoso, L., Muricy, G. &amp; Klautau, M. (2009) Taxonomy of calcareous sponges (Porifera, Calcarea) from Potiguar Basin, NE Brazil. Zootaxa, 1973, 1 - 27." type="journal article">
Lanna
<emphasis id="98824708FFB4FFDB085D2EF59730B0CE" box="[823,876,933,955]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="354">et al.</emphasis>
2009
</bibRefCitation>
: 13, Muricy
<emphasis id="98824708FFB4FFDB0F462EF5903DB0CE" box="[1068,1121,933,955]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="354">et al.</emphasis>
2011: 35,
<bibRefCitation id="CE67E6EBFFB4FFDB0FA52EF691C5B0CE" box="[1231,1433,933,955]" pageId="23" pageNumber="354" refId="ref13864" refString="Klautau, M., Azevedo, F., Condor-Lujan, B., Rapp, H. T., Collins, A. &amp; Russo, CAM. (2013) A Molecular Phylogeny for the Order Clathrinida Rekindles and Refines Haeckel's Taxonomic Proposal for Calcareous Sponges. Integrative and Comparative Biology, 53 (3), 447 - 461. https: // doi. org / 10.1093 / icb / ict 039" type="journal article">
Klautau
<emphasis id="98824708FFB4FFDB0E4D2EF59107B0CE" box="[1319,1371,933,955]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="354">et al.</emphasis>
2013
</bibRefCitation>
: 449, Van Soest 2017: 198,
<bibRefCitation id="CE67E6EBFFB4FFDB0ABD2E979687B0AF" box="[471,731,964,986]" pageId="23" pageNumber="354" refId="ref13036" refString="Condor-Lujan, B., Louzada, T., Hajdu, E. &amp; Klautau, M. (2018) Morphological and molecular taxonomy of calcareous sponges (Porifera: Calcarea) from Curacao, Caribbean Sea. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, XX, 1 - 67. https: // doi. org / 10.1093 / zoolinnean / zlx 082" type="book chapter">
Cóndor-Luján
<emphasis id="98824708FFB4FFDB09062E9696C5B0AF" box="[620,665,964,986]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="354">et al</emphasis>
. 2018
</bibRefCitation>
: 61.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="E2ECC891FFB4FFDB0BFD29559697B712" pageId="23" pageNumber="354" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="AA499B1AFFB4FFDB0BFD295597C1B736" blockId="23.[151,1437,1030,1415]" pageId="23" pageNumber="354">
<materialsCitation id="1A9E9147FFB4FFDB0BFD295597C1B736" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1838187584" collectingDate="2015-04-25" collectorName="Le Rocher du Diamant &amp; F. Azevedo" country="Martinique" elevation="19" latitude="14.4426" location="One" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-61.040134" municipality="Le Rocher du Diamant" pageId="23" pageNumber="354" specimenCount="1">
<emphasis id="98824708FFB4FFDB0BFD295595D1B76A" bold="true" box="[151,397,1030,1055]" pageId="23" pageNumber="354">Material Examined.</emphasis>
(
<location id="AF29CDC1FFB4FFDB0AC92954958FB76A" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:225F2A0CFFB4FFD50BFD2FAE90A1B4E6:AF29CDC1FFB4FFDB0AC92954958FB76A" box="[419,467,1031,1055]" country="Martinique" latitude="14.4426" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-61.040134" municipality="Le Rocher du Diamant" name="One" pageId="23" pageNumber="354">One</location>
specimen) UFRJPOR 7671,
<collectorName id="0703FECCFFB4FFDB085F295B9010B76A" box="[821,1100,1030,1055]" pageId="23" pageNumber="354">
<collectingMunicipality id="4A2D0160FFB4FFDB085F295B9010B76A" box="[821,1100,1030,1055]" pageId="23" pageNumber="354">Le Rocher du Diamant</collectingMunicipality>
</collectorName>
,
<collectingCountry id="D2E1DB8AFFB4FFDB0F3529559080B76A" box="[1119,1244,1030,1055]" name="Martinique" pageId="23" pageNumber="354">Martinique</collectingCountry>
(
<geoCoordinate id="CFC2FDDDFFB4FFDB0F98295591D2B76A" box="[1266,1422,1030,1055]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="23" pageNumber="354" precision="1" value="14.4426">14°26.556' N</geoCoordinate>
–
<geoCoordinate id="CFC2FDDDFFB4FFDB0BFD2979957BB736" box="[151,295,1066,1091]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="23" pageNumber="354" precision="1" value="-61.040134">61°2.408' W</geoCoordinate>
), collected by
<collectorName id="0703FECCFFB4FFDB0AA029789617B736" box="[458,587,1066,1091]" pageId="23" pageNumber="354">F. Azevedo</collectorName>
,
<collectingDate id="CE0C4432FFB4FFDB093D297996ABB736" box="[599,759,1066,1091]" pageId="23" pageNumber="354" value="2015-04-25">
<date id="DE48BDDAFFB4FFDB093D297996ABB736" box="[599,759,1066,1091]" pageId="23" pageNumber="354" value="2015-04-25">25 April 2015</date>
</collectingDate>
,
<elevation id="21DB7C29FFB4FFDB08682978970CB737" box="[770,848,1067,1091]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.88" pageId="23" pageNumber="354" unit="m" value="18.8">
<quantity id="6D0E36FFFFB4FFDB08682978970CB737" box="[770,848,1067,1091]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.88" pageId="23" pageNumber="354" unit="m" value="18.8">18.8 m</quantity>
</elevation>
depth.
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="AA499B1AFFB4FFDB0BAD291D9697B712" blockId="23.[151,1437,1030,1415]" box="[199,715,1102,1127]" pageId="23" pageNumber="354">
<emphasis id="98824708FFB4FFDB0BAD291D957CB712" bold="true" box="[199,288,1102,1127]" pageId="23" pageNumber="354">Colour.</emphasis>
Light pink alive and white in ethanol.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="E2ECC891FFB4FFD50BAD29219564B3A0" lastPageId="25" lastPageNumber="356" pageId="23" pageNumber="354" type="description">
<paragraph id="AA499B1AFFB4FFDB0BAD29219016B7A6" blockId="23.[151,1437,1030,1415]" pageId="23" pageNumber="354">
<emphasis id="98824708FFB4FFDB0BAD29219505B7FE" bold="true" box="[199,345,1138,1163]" pageId="23" pageNumber="354">Description.</emphasis>
Sponge formed by anastomosed tubes with apical oscula and central atrium (
<figureCitation id="32CD879FFFB4FFDB0FB6292191CCB7FE" box="[1244,1424,1138,1163]" captionStart="FIGURE11" captionStartId="24.[151,250,1501,1523]" captionTargetBox="[340,1247,194,1479]" captionTargetId="figure@24.[340,1247,194,1479]" captionTargetPageId="24" captionText="FIGURE11. Leucaltis clathria (UFRJPOR 7671).A. Specimen in situ. B. Specimenin ethanol.C. Larvae in the choanosome. D. Cross-section showing tangential cortical triactines and a large tetractine whose apical actine crosses the choanosome and penetrates the atrium. E. SEM micrograph of a tangential section of the atrial wall with sagittal triactines and tetractines and with two apical actines of cortical tetractines protruding into the atrium.F. SEM micrograph of a tangentialsection of the atrial wall showing sagittal triactines and tetractines.G. Choanosomal skeleton composedof small regular triactines and tetractines." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1221644/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="354">Figures 11A–B</figureCitation>
). Each tube has a cortex and atrium. Consistency firm, friable and rough to the touch. Elongated choanocitary chambers. The analysed specimen has many larvae in the choanosome (
<figureCitation id="32CD879FFFB4FFDB08D029E99060B7A6" box="[954,1084,1210,1235]" captionStart="FIGURE11" captionStartId="24.[151,250,1501,1523]" captionTargetBox="[340,1247,194,1479]" captionTargetId="figure@24.[340,1247,194,1479]" captionTargetPageId="24" captionText="FIGURE11. Leucaltis clathria (UFRJPOR 7671).A. Specimen in situ. B. Specimenin ethanol.C. Larvae in the choanosome. D. Cross-section showing tangential cortical triactines and a large tetractine whose apical actine crosses the choanosome and penetrates the atrium. E. SEM micrograph of a tangential section of the atrial wall with sagittal triactines and tetractines and with two apical actines of cortical tetractines protruding into the atrium.F. SEM micrograph of a tangentialsection of the atrial wall showing sagittal triactines and tetractines.G. Choanosomal skeleton composedof small regular triactines and tetractines." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1221644/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="354">Figure 11C</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="AA499B1AFFB4FFDB0BAD298D9064B616" blockId="23.[151,1437,1030,1415]" pageId="23" pageNumber="354">
<emphasis id="98824708FFB4FFDB0BAD298D9569B782" bold="true" box="[199,309,1246,1271]" pageId="23" pageNumber="354">Skeleton.</emphasis>
The cortical skeleton is composed of giant triactines and tetractines (
<figureCitation id="32CD879FFFB4FFDB0F28298D909BB782" box="[1090,1223,1246,1271]" captionStart="FIGURE11" captionStartId="24.[151,250,1501,1523]" captionTargetBox="[340,1247,194,1479]" captionTargetId="figure@24.[340,1247,194,1479]" captionTargetPageId="24" captionText="FIGURE11. Leucaltis clathria (UFRJPOR 7671).A. Specimen in situ. B. Specimenin ethanol.C. Larvae in the choanosome. D. Cross-section showing tangential cortical triactines and a large tetractine whose apical actine crosses the choanosome and penetrates the atrium. E. SEM micrograph of a tangential section of the atrial wall with sagittal triactines and tetractines and with two apical actines of cortical tetractines protruding into the atrium.F. SEM micrograph of a tangentialsection of the atrial wall showing sagittal triactines and tetractines.G. Choanosomal skeleton composedof small regular triactines and tetractines." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1221644/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="354">Figure 11D</figureCitation>
). The apical actine of the tetractines crosses the choanosome and penetrates the atrium, which becomes hispid (
<figureCitation id="32CD879FFFB4FFDB0FC628519100B66E" box="[1196,1372,1282,1307]" captionStart="FIGURE11" captionStartId="24.[151,250,1501,1523]" captionTargetBox="[340,1247,194,1479]" captionTargetId="figure@24.[340,1247,194,1479]" captionTargetPageId="24" captionText="FIGURE11. Leucaltis clathria (UFRJPOR 7671).A. Specimen in situ. B. Specimenin ethanol.C. Larvae in the choanosome. D. Cross-section showing tangential cortical triactines and a large tetractine whose apical actine crosses the choanosome and penetrates the atrium. E. SEM micrograph of a tangential section of the atrial wall with sagittal triactines and tetractines and with two apical actines of cortical tetractines protruding into the atrium.F. SEM micrograph of a tangentialsection of the atrial wall showing sagittal triactines and tetractines.G. Choanosomal skeleton composedof small regular triactines and tetractines." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1221644/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="354">Figures 11D–E</figureCitation>
). The sagittal spicules are mainly found surrounding the canals and the atrium (
<figureCitation id="32CD879FFFB4FFDB08872875902CB64A" box="[1005,1136,1318,1343]" captionStart="FIGURE11" captionStartId="24.[151,250,1501,1523]" captionTargetBox="[340,1247,194,1479]" captionTargetId="figure@24.[340,1247,194,1479]" captionTargetPageId="24" captionText="FIGURE11. Leucaltis clathria (UFRJPOR 7671).A. Specimen in situ. B. Specimenin ethanol.C. Larvae in the choanosome. D. Cross-section showing tangential cortical triactines and a large tetractine whose apical actine crosses the choanosome and penetrates the atrium. E. SEM micrograph of a tangential section of the atrial wall with sagittal triactines and tetractines and with two apical actines of cortical tetractines protruding into the atrium.F. SEM micrograph of a tangentialsection of the atrial wall showing sagittal triactines and tetractines.G. Choanosomal skeleton composedof small regular triactines and tetractines." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1221644/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="354">Figure 11F</figureCitation>
). The choanosome is also composed of very small regular and sagittal triactines and tetractines (
<figureCitation id="32CD879FFFB4FFDB08CC28199070B616" box="[934,1068,1354,1379]" captionStart="FIGURE11" captionStartId="24.[151,250,1501,1523]" captionTargetBox="[340,1247,194,1479]" captionTargetId="figure@24.[340,1247,194,1479]" captionTargetPageId="24" captionText="FIGURE11. Leucaltis clathria (UFRJPOR 7671).A. Specimen in situ. B. Specimenin ethanol.C. Larvae in the choanosome. D. Cross-section showing tangential cortical triactines and a large tetractine whose apical actine crosses the choanosome and penetrates the atrium. E. SEM micrograph of a tangential section of the atrial wall with sagittal triactines and tetractines and with two apical actines of cortical tetractines protruding into the atrium.F. SEM micrograph of a tangentialsection of the atrial wall showing sagittal triactines and tetractines.G. Choanosomal skeleton composedof small regular triactines and tetractines." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1221644/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="354">Figure 11G</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="AA499B1AFFB4FFDB0BAD283D95FAB6F2" blockId="23.[151,1437,1030,1415]" box="[199,422,1390,1415]" pageId="23" pageNumber="354">
Spicules (
<tableCitation id="E774AEA1FFB4FFDB0A5E283D95C4B6F2" box="[308,408,1390,1415]" captionStart="TABLE 11" captionStartId="23.[151,239,1462,1485]" captionText="TABLE 11. Spicule measurements of Leucaltisclathria (UFRJPOR 7671)." pageId="23" pageNumber="354">Table 11</tableCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<caption id="FE89CB92FFB4FFDB0BFD28E597E6B6B8" box="[151,954,1461,1485]" pageId="23" pageNumber="354">
<paragraph id="AA499B1AFFB4FFDB0BFD28E597E6B6B8" blockId="23.[151,954,1461,1485]" box="[151,954,1461,1485]" pageId="23" pageNumber="354">
<emphasis id="98824708FFB4FFDB0BFD28E5954AB6B8" bold="true" box="[151,278,1462,1485]" pageId="23" pageNumber="354">TABLE 11.</emphasis>
Spicule measurements of
<taxonomicName id="6DF6E099FFB4FFDB094528E696B7B6B8" authorityName=": Haeckel" authorityYear="1872" box="[559,747,1461,1485]" class="Calcarea" family="Leucaltidae" genus="Leucaltis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clathrinida" pageId="23" pageNumber="354" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="clathria">
<emphasis id="98824708FFB4FFDB094528E696B7B6B8" box="[559,747,1461,1485]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="354">Leucaltis clathria</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(UFRJPOR 7671).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="AA499B1AFFB4FFDB096928BA912EB49B" pageId="23" pageNumber="354">
<table id="D8F669BAFFB400330BF528BA912EB49B" box="[159,1394,1513,2030]" colsContinueFrom="21.[159,1418,1239,1976]" colsContinueIn="26.[159,1402,1384,1860]" gridcols="11" gridrows="10" pageId="23" pageNumber="354">
<tr id="14C69958FFB400330BF528BA912EB68A" box="[159,1394,1513,1535]" gridrow="0" pageId="23" pageNumber="354" rowspan-0="1" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-10="1" rowspan-4="1" rowspan-5="1" rowspan-8="1" rowspan-9="1">
<th id="5717F024FFB40033096828BA96FAB68A" box="[514,678,1513,1535]" colspan="2" colspanRight="1" gridcol="2" gridrow="0" pageId="23" pageNumber="354">length (µm)</th>
<th id="5717F024FFB4003308C728BA9013B68A" box="[941,1103,1513,1535]" colspan="2" colspanRight="1" gridcol="6" gridrow="0" pageId="23" pageNumber="354">width (µm)</th>
</tr>
<tr id="14C69958FFB400330BF52B40912EB55C" box="[159,1394,1555,1577]" gridrow="1" pageId="23" pageNumber="354">
<th id="5717F024FFB400330BF52B409546B55C" box="[159,282,1555,1577]" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="23" pageNumber="354">Spicule</th>
<td id="5717F024FFB400330A392B4095EDB55C" box="[339,433,1555,1577]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="23" pageNumber="354">Actine</td>
<td id="5717F024FFB4003309682B409660B55C" box="[514,572,1555,1577]" gridcol="2" gridrow="1" pageId="23" pageNumber="354">min</td>
<td id="5717F024FFB4003309072B4096FAB55C" box="[621,678,1555,1577]" gridcol="3" gridrow="1" pageId="23" pageNumber="354">mean</td>
<td id="5717F024FFB4003309B22B40974DB55C" box="[728,785,1555,1577]" gridcol="4" gridrow="1" pageId="23" pageNumber="354">sd</td>
<td id="5717F024FFB4003308292B409720B55C" box="[835,892,1555,1577]" gridcol="5" gridrow="1" pageId="23" pageNumber="354">max</td>
<td id="5717F024FFB4003308C72B409785B55C" box="[941,985,1555,1577]" gridcol="6" gridrow="1" pageId="23" pageNumber="354">min</td>
<td id="5717F024FFB400330F722B409013B55C" box="[1048,1103,1555,1577]" gridcol="7" gridrow="1" pageId="23" pageNumber="354">mean</td>
<td id="5717F024FFB400330FE82B4090F3B55C" box="[1154,1199,1555,1577]" gridcol="8" gridrow="1" pageId="23" pageNumber="354">sd</td>
<td id="5717F024FFB400330F872B40917AB55C" box="[1261,1318,1555,1577]" gridcol="9" gridrow="1" pageId="23" pageNumber="354">max</td>
<td id="5717F024FFB400330E322B40912EB55C" box="[1368,1394,1555,1577]" gridcol="10" gridrow="1" pageId="23" pageNumber="354">n</td>
</tr>
<tr id="14C69958FFB400330BF52B6F912EB527" box="[159,1394,1596,1618]" gridrow="2" pageId="23" pageNumber="354">
<th id="5717F024FFB400330BF52B6F9546B527" box="[159,282,1596,1618]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="23" pageNumber="354">Triactine I</th>
<td id="5717F024FFB400330A392B6F95EDB527" box="[339,433,1596,1618]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="23" pageNumber="354">Basal</td>
<td id="5717F024FFB4003309682B6F9660B527" box="[514,572,1596,1618]" gridcol="2" gridrow="2" pageId="23" pageNumber="354">330.0</td>
<td id="5717F024FFB4003309072B6F96FAB527" box="[621,678,1596,1618]" gridcol="3" gridrow="2" pageId="23" pageNumber="354">474.0</td>
<td id="5717F024FFB4003309B22B6F974DB527" box="[728,785,1596,1618]" gridcol="4" gridrow="2" pageId="23" pageNumber="354">91.5</td>
<td id="5717F024FFB4003308292B6F9720B527" box="[835,892,1596,1618]" gridcol="5" gridrow="2" pageId="23" pageNumber="354">720.0</td>
<td id="5717F024FFB4003308C72B6F9785B527" box="[941,985,1596,1618]" gridcol="6" gridrow="2" pageId="23" pageNumber="354">40.0</td>
<td id="5717F024FFB400330F722B6F9013B527" box="[1048,1103,1596,1618]" gridcol="7" gridrow="2" pageId="23" pageNumber="354">50.0</td>
<td id="5717F024FFB400330FE82B6F90F3B527" box="[1154,1199,1596,1618]" gridcol="8" gridrow="2" pageId="23" pageNumber="354">9.0</td>
<td id="5717F024FFB400330F872B6F917AB527" box="[1261,1318,1596,1618]" gridcol="9" gridrow="2" pageId="23" pageNumber="354">75.0</td>
<td id="5717F024FFB400330E322B6F912EB527" box="[1368,1394,1596,1618]" gridcol="10" gridrow="2" pageId="23" pageNumber="354">20</td>
</tr>
<tr id="14C69958FFB400330BF52B36912EB5EF" box="[159,1394,1637,1690]" gridrow="3" pageId="23" pageNumber="354">
<th id="5717F024FFB400330BF52B369546B5EF" box="[159,282,1637,1690]" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="23" pageNumber="354">Triactine II (Regular)</th>
<td id="5717F024FFB400330A392B3695EDB5EF" box="[339,433,1637,1690]" gridcol="1" gridrow="3" pageId="23" pageNumber="354">Basal</td>
<td id="5717F024FFB4003309682B369660B5EF" box="[514,572,1637,1690]" gridcol="2" gridrow="3" pageId="23" pageNumber="354">52.5</td>
<td id="5717F024FFB4003309072B3696FAB5EF" box="[621,678,1637,1690]" gridcol="3" gridrow="3" pageId="23" pageNumber="354">58.3</td>
<td id="5717F024FFB4003309B22B36974DB5EF" box="[728,785,1637,1690]" gridcol="4" gridrow="3" pageId="23" pageNumber="354">3.5</td>
<td id="5717F024FFB4003308292B369720B5EF" box="[835,892,1637,1690]" gridcol="5" gridrow="3" pageId="23" pageNumber="354">65.0</td>
<td id="5717F024FFB4003308C72B369785B5EF" box="[941,985,1637,1690]" gridcol="6" gridrow="3" pageId="23" pageNumber="354">2.5</td>
<td id="5717F024FFB400330F722B369013B5EF" box="[1048,1103,1637,1690]" gridcol="7" gridrow="3" pageId="23" pageNumber="354">3.0</td>
<td id="5717F024FFB400330FE82B3690F3B5EF" box="[1154,1199,1637,1690]" gridcol="8" gridrow="3" pageId="23" pageNumber="354">0.9</td>
<td id="5717F024FFB400330F872B36917AB5EF" box="[1261,1318,1637,1690]" gridcol="9" gridrow="3" pageId="23" pageNumber="354">5.0</td>
<td id="5717F024FFB400330E322B36912EB5EF" box="[1368,1394,1637,1690]" gridcol="10" gridrow="3" pageId="23" pageNumber="354">10</td>
</tr>
<tr id="14C69958FFB400330BF52BFE912EB597" box="[159,1394,1709,1762]" gridrow="4" pageId="23" pageNumber="354">
<th id="5717F024FFB400330BF52BFE9546B597" box="[159,282,1709,1762]" gridcol="0" gridrow="4" pageId="23" pageNumber="354">Triactine II (Sagittal)</th>
<td id="5717F024FFB400330A392BFE95EDB597" box="[339,433,1709,1762]" gridcol="1" gridrow="4" pageId="23" pageNumber="354">Unpaired</td>
<td id="5717F024FFB4003309682BFE9660B597" box="[514,572,1709,1762]" gridcol="2" gridrow="4" pageId="23" pageNumber="354">30.0</td>
<td id="5717F024FFB4003309072BFE96FAB597" box="[621,678,1709,1762]" gridcol="3" gridrow="4" pageId="23" pageNumber="354">43.7</td>
<td id="5717F024FFB4003309B22BFE974DB597" box="[728,785,1709,1762]" gridcol="4" gridrow="4" pageId="23" pageNumber="354">9.8</td>
<td id="5717F024FFB4003308292BFE9720B597" box="[835,892,1709,1762]" gridcol="5" gridrow="4" pageId="23" pageNumber="354">67.5</td>
<td id="5717F024FFB4003308C72BFE9785B597" box="[941,985,1709,1762]" gridcol="6" gridrow="4" pageId="23" pageNumber="354">2.5</td>
<td id="5717F024FFB400330F722BFE9013B597" box="[1048,1103,1709,1762]" gridcol="7" gridrow="4" pageId="23" pageNumber="354">3.6</td>
<td id="5717F024FFB400330FE82BFE90F3B597" box="[1154,1199,1709,1762]" gridcol="8" gridrow="4" pageId="23" pageNumber="354">1.0</td>
<td id="5717F024FFB400330F872BFE917AB597" box="[1261,1318,1709,1762]" gridcol="9" gridrow="4" pageId="23" pageNumber="354">5.0</td>
<td id="5717F024FFB400330E322BFE912EB597" box="[1368,1394,1709,1762]" gridcol="10" gridrow="4" pageId="23" pageNumber="354">14</td>
</tr>
<tr id="14C69958FFB400330BF52BA6912EB47E" box="[159,1394,1781,1803]" gridrow="5" pageId="23" pageNumber="354" rowspan-0="1">
<td id="5717F024FFB400330A392BA695EDB47E" box="[339,433,1781,1803]" gridcol="1" gridrow="5" pageId="23" pageNumber="354">Paired</td>
<td id="5717F024FFB4003309682BA69660B47E" box="[514,572,1781,1803]" gridcol="2" gridrow="5" pageId="23" pageNumber="354">57.5</td>
<td id="5717F024FFB4003309072BA696FAB47E" box="[621,678,1781,1803]" gridcol="3" gridrow="5" pageId="23" pageNumber="354">63.2</td>
<td id="5717F024FFB4003309B22BA6974DB47E" box="[728,785,1781,1803]" gridcol="4" gridrow="5" pageId="23" pageNumber="354">3.6</td>
<td id="5717F024FFB4003308292BA69720B47E" box="[835,892,1781,1803]" gridcol="5" gridrow="5" pageId="23" pageNumber="354">70.0</td>
<td id="5717F024FFB4003308C72BA69785B47E" box="[941,985,1781,1803]" gridcol="6" gridrow="5" pageId="23" pageNumber="354">2.5</td>
<td id="5717F024FFB400330F722BA69013B47E" box="[1048,1103,1781,1803]" gridcol="7" gridrow="5" pageId="23" pageNumber="354">4.3</td>
<td id="5717F024FFB400330FE82BA690F3B47E" box="[1154,1199,1781,1803]" gridcol="8" gridrow="5" pageId="23" pageNumber="354">0.9</td>
<td id="5717F024FFB400330F872BA6917AB47E" box="[1261,1318,1781,1803]" gridcol="9" gridrow="5" pageId="23" pageNumber="354">5.0</td>
<td id="5717F024FFB400330E322BA6912EB47E" box="[1368,1394,1781,1803]" gridcol="10" gridrow="5" pageId="23" pageNumber="354">15</td>
</tr>
<tr id="14C69958FFB400330BF52A4D912EB441" box="[159,1394,1822,1844]" gridrow="6" pageId="23" pageNumber="354">
<th id="5717F024FFB400330BF52A4D9546B441" box="[159,282,1822,1844]" gridcol="0" gridrow="6" pageId="23" pageNumber="354">Tetractine I</th>
<td id="5717F024FFB400330A392A4D95EDB441" box="[339,433,1822,1844]" gridcol="1" gridrow="6" pageId="23" pageNumber="354">Basal</td>
<td id="5717F024FFB4003309682A4D9660B441" box="[514,572,1822,1844]" gridcol="2" gridrow="6" pageId="23" pageNumber="354">420.0</td>
<td id="5717F024FFB4003309072A4D96FAB441" box="[621,678,1822,1844]" gridcol="3" gridrow="6" pageId="23" pageNumber="354">720.0</td>
<td id="5717F024FFB4003309B22A4D974DB441" box="[728,785,1822,1844]" gridcol="4" gridrow="6" pageId="23" pageNumber="354">139.8</td>
<td id="5717F024FFB4003308292A4D9720B441" box="[835,892,1822,1844]" gridcol="5" gridrow="6" pageId="23" pageNumber="354">900.0</td>
<td id="5717F024FFB4003308C72A4D9785B441" box="[941,985,1822,1844]" gridcol="6" gridrow="6" pageId="23" pageNumber="354">40.0</td>
<td id="5717F024FFB400330F722A4D9013B441" box="[1048,1103,1822,1844]" gridcol="7" gridrow="6" pageId="23" pageNumber="354">90.5</td>
<td id="5717F024FFB400330FE82A4D90F3B441" box="[1154,1199,1822,1844]" gridcol="8" gridrow="6" pageId="23" pageNumber="354">19.8</td>
<td id="5717F024FFB400330F872A4D917AB441" box="[1261,1318,1822,1844]" gridcol="9" gridrow="6" pageId="23" pageNumber="354">120.0</td>
<td id="5717F024FFB400330E322A4D912EB441" box="[1368,1394,1822,1844]" gridcol="10" gridrow="6" pageId="23" pageNumber="354">20</td>
</tr>
<tr id="14C69958FFB400330BF52A1B912EB409" box="[159,1394,1864,1916]" gridrow="7" pageId="23" pageNumber="354">
<th id="5717F024FFB400330BF52A1B9546B409" box="[159,282,1864,1916]" gridcol="0" gridrow="7" pageId="23" pageNumber="354">Tetractine II (Regular)</th>
<td id="5717F024FFB400330A392A1B95EDB409" box="[339,433,1864,1916]" gridcol="1" gridrow="7" pageId="23" pageNumber="354">Basal</td>
<td id="5717F024FFB4003309682A1B9660B409" box="[514,572,1864,1916]" gridcol="2" gridrow="7" pageId="23" pageNumber="354">30.0</td>
<td id="5717F024FFB4003309072A1B96FAB409" box="[621,678,1864,1916]" gridcol="3" gridrow="7" pageId="23" pageNumber="354">53.3</td>
<td id="5717F024FFB4003309B22A1B974DB409" box="[728,785,1864,1916]" gridcol="4" gridrow="7" pageId="23" pageNumber="354">9.6</td>
<td id="5717F024FFB4003308292A1B9720B409" box="[835,892,1864,1916]" gridcol="5" gridrow="7" pageId="23" pageNumber="354">62.5</td>
<td id="5717F024FFB4003308C72A1B9785B409" box="[941,985,1864,1916]" gridcol="6" gridrow="7" pageId="23" pageNumber="354">2.5</td>
<td id="5717F024FFB400330F722A1B9013B409" box="[1048,1103,1864,1916]" gridcol="7" gridrow="7" pageId="23" pageNumber="354">2.6</td>
<td id="5717F024FFB400330FE82A1B90F3B409" box="[1154,1199,1864,1916]" gridcol="8" gridrow="7" pageId="23" pageNumber="354">0.4</td>
<td id="5717F024FFB400330F872A1B917AB409" box="[1261,1318,1864,1916]" gridcol="9" gridrow="7" pageId="23" pageNumber="354">3.7</td>
<td id="5717F024FFB400330E322A1B912EB409" box="[1368,1394,1864,1916]" gridcol="10" gridrow="7" pageId="23" pageNumber="354">17</td>
</tr>
<tr id="14C69958FFB400330BF52AC3912EB4B1" box="[159,1394,1936,1988]" gridrow="8" pageId="23" pageNumber="354">
<th id="5717F024FFB400330BF52AC39546B4B1" box="[159,282,1936,1988]" gridcol="0" gridrow="8" pageId="23" pageNumber="354">Tetractine II (Sagittal)</th>
<td id="5717F024FFB400330A392AC395EDB4B1" box="[339,433,1936,1988]" gridcol="1" gridrow="8" pageId="23" pageNumber="354">Unpaired</td>
<td id="5717F024FFB4003309682AC39660B4B1" box="[514,572,1936,1988]" gridcol="2" gridrow="8" pageId="23" pageNumber="354">32.5</td>
<td id="5717F024FFB4003309072AC396FAB4B1" box="[621,678,1936,1988]" gridcol="3" gridrow="8" pageId="23" pageNumber="354">40.2</td>
<td id="5717F024FFB4003309B22AC3974DB4B1" box="[728,785,1936,1988]" gridcol="4" gridrow="8" pageId="23" pageNumber="354">5.1</td>
<td id="5717F024FFB4003308292AC39720B4B1" box="[835,892,1936,1988]" gridcol="5" gridrow="8" pageId="23" pageNumber="354">52.5</td>
<td id="5717F024FFB4003308C72AC39785B4B1" box="[941,985,1936,1988]" gridcol="6" gridrow="8" pageId="23" pageNumber="354">2.5</td>
<td id="5717F024FFB400330F722AC39013B4B1" box="[1048,1103,1936,1988]" gridcol="7" gridrow="8" pageId="23" pageNumber="354">3.7</td>
<td id="5717F024FFB400330FE82AC390F3B4B1" box="[1154,1199,1936,1988]" gridcol="8" gridrow="8" pageId="23" pageNumber="354">1.1</td>
<td id="5717F024FFB400330F872AC3917AB4B1" box="[1261,1318,1936,1988]" gridcol="9" gridrow="8" pageId="23" pageNumber="354">5.0</td>
<td id="5717F024FFB400330E322AC3912EB4B1" box="[1368,1394,1936,1988]" gridcol="10" gridrow="8" pageId="23" pageNumber="354">20</td>
</tr>
<tr id="14C69958FFB400330BF52A8B912EB49B" box="[159,1394,2008,2030]" gridrow="9" pageId="23" pageNumber="354" rowspan-0="1">
<td id="5717F024FFB400330A392A8B95EDB49B" box="[339,433,2008,2030]" gridcol="1" gridrow="9" pageId="23" pageNumber="354">Paired</td>
<td id="5717F024FFB4003309682A8B9660B49B" box="[514,572,2008,2030]" gridcol="2" gridrow="9" pageId="23" pageNumber="354">37.5</td>
<td id="5717F024FFB4003309072A8B96FAB49B" box="[621,678,2008,2030]" gridcol="3" gridrow="9" pageId="23" pageNumber="354">57.9</td>
<td id="5717F024FFB4003309B22A8B974DB49B" box="[728,785,2008,2030]" gridcol="4" gridrow="9" pageId="23" pageNumber="354">8.8</td>
<td id="5717F024FFB4003308292A8B9720B49B" box="[835,892,2008,2030]" gridcol="5" gridrow="9" pageId="23" pageNumber="354">72.5</td>
<td id="5717F024FFB4003308C72A8B9785B49B" box="[941,985,2008,2030]" gridcol="6" gridrow="9" pageId="23" pageNumber="354">2.5</td>
<td id="5717F024FFB400330F722A8B9013B49B" box="[1048,1103,2008,2030]" gridcol="7" gridrow="9" pageId="23" pageNumber="354">4.2</td>
<td id="5717F024FFB400330FE82A8B90F3B49B" box="[1154,1199,2008,2030]" gridcol="8" gridrow="9" pageId="23" pageNumber="354">0.9</td>
<td id="5717F024FFB400330F872A8B917AB49B" box="[1261,1318,2008,2030]" gridcol="9" gridrow="9" pageId="23" pageNumber="354">5.0</td>
<td id="5717F024FFB400330E322A8B912EB49B" box="[1368,1394,2008,2030]" gridcol="10" gridrow="9" pageId="23" pageNumber="354">20</td>
</tr>
</table>
</paragraph>
<caption id="FE89CB92FFBBFFD40BFD288E91C8B518" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1221644/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="355" startId="24.[151,250,1501,1523]" targetBox="[340,1247,194,1479]" targetPageId="24">
<paragraph id="AA499B1AFFBBFFD40BFD288E91C8B518" blockId="24.[151,1437,1501,1645]" pageId="24" pageNumber="355">
<emphasis id="98824708FFBBFFD40BFD288E9542B686" bold="true" box="[151,286,1501,1523]" pageId="24" pageNumber="355">FIGURE 11.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="6DF6E099FFBBFFD40A4E288E958BB686" authorityName=": Haeckel" authorityYear="1872" box="[292,471,1501,1523]" class="Calcarea" family="Leucaltidae" genus="Leucaltis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clathrinida" pageId="24" pageNumber="355" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="clathria">
<emphasis id="98824708FFBBFFD40A4E288E958BB686" box="[292,471,1501,1523]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="355">Leucaltis clathria</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(UFRJPOR 7671).
<emphasis id="98824708FFBBFFD409CA288E96E4B686" bold="true" box="[672,696,1501,1523]" pageId="24" pageNumber="355">A.</emphasis>
Specimen
<emphasis id="98824708FFBBFFD40843288D973BB686" box="[809,871,1502,1523]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="355">in situ</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="98824708FFBBFFD4081E288E97D7B686" bold="true" box="[884,907,1501,1523]" pageId="24" pageNumber="355">B.</emphasis>
Specimen in ethanol.
<emphasis id="98824708FFBBFFD40F06288E9022B686" bold="true" box="[1132,1150,1501,1523]" pageId="24" pageNumber="355">C</emphasis>
. Larvae in the choanosome.
<emphasis id="98824708FFBBFFD40BFD28AF94F3B567" bold="true" box="[151,175,1532,1554]" pageId="24" pageNumber="355">D.</emphasis>
Cross-section showing tangential cortical triactines and a large tetractine whose apical actine crosses the choanosome and penetrates the atrium.
<emphasis id="98824708FFBBFFD40A162B4995CFB545" bold="true" box="[380,403,1562,1584]" pageId="24" pageNumber="355">E.</emphasis>
SEM micrograph of a tangential section of the atrial wall with sagittal triactines and tetractines and with two apical actines of cortical tetractines protruding into the atrium.
<emphasis id="98824708FFBBFFD408182B6A97D4B53A" bold="true" box="[882,904,1593,1615]" pageId="24" pageNumber="355">F.</emphasis>
SEM micrograph of a tangential section of the atrial wall showing sagittal triactines and tetractines.
<emphasis id="98824708FFBBFFD4091D2B0496CDB518" bold="true" box="[631,657,1623,1645]" pageId="24" pageNumber="355">G.</emphasis>
Choanosomal skeleton composed of small regular triactines and tetractines.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="AA499B1AFFBBFFD40BAD2BE595DEB586" blockId="24.[151,1436,1718,2031]" pageId="24" pageNumber="355">
<emphasis id="98824708FFBBFFD40BAD2BE5950EB5BA" bold="true" box="[199,338,1718,1743]" pageId="24" pageNumber="355">Triactine I:</emphasis>
Regular. Very variable in size. Actines are conical with sharp tips (
<figureCitation id="32CD879FFFBBFFD40F062BE590AAB5BA" box="[1132,1270,1718,1743]" captionStart="FIGURE 12" captionStartId="25.[151,250,1359,1381]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,266,1337]" captionTargetId="figure@25.[151,1436,266,1337]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="FIGURE 12. Leucaltis clathria (UFRJPOR 7671). A. Triactine I. B. Tetractine I. C. Apical actine of a tetractine I (arrow). D. Sagittal triactine II. E. Sagittal tetractine II." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1221646/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="355">Figure 12A</figureCitation>
). Size: 330.0– 720.0/40.0–75.0 µm.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="AA499B1AFFBBFFD40BAD2BAD9498B42A" blockId="24.[151,1436,1718,2031]" pageId="24" pageNumber="355">
<emphasis id="98824708FFBBFFD40BAD2BAD9502B462" bold="true" box="[199,350,1790,1815]" pageId="24" pageNumber="355">Tetractine I:</emphasis>
Regular. It is similar to triactine I, but larger and thicker (
<figureCitation id="32CD879FFFBBFFD4089F2BAD9027B462" box="[1013,1147,1790,1815]" captionStart="FIGURE 12" captionStartId="25.[151,250,1359,1381]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,266,1337]" captionTargetId="figure@25.[151,1436,266,1337]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="FIGURE 12. Leucaltis clathria (UFRJPOR 7671). A. Triactine I. B. Tetractine I. C. Apical actine of a tetractine I (arrow). D. Sagittal triactine II. E. Sagittal tetractine II." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1221646/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="355">Figure 12B</figureCitation>
). The apical actine of the tetractines is conical, large, thick, straight, smooth with a sharp tip (
<figureCitation id="32CD879FFFBBFFD408C12A71906FB44E" box="[939,1075,1826,1851]" captionStart="FIGURE 12" captionStartId="25.[151,250,1359,1381]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,266,1337]" captionTargetId="figure@25.[151,1436,266,1337]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="FIGURE 12. Leucaltis clathria (UFRJPOR 7671). A. Triactine I. B. Tetractine I. C. Apical actine of a tetractine I (arrow). D. Sagittal triactine II. E. Sagittal tetractine II." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1221646/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="355">Figure 12C</figureCitation>
). Size: 420.0–900.0/40.0–120.0 µm.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="AA499B1AFFBBFFD40BAD2A39951FB4BE" blockId="24.[151,1436,1718,2031]" pageId="24" pageNumber="355">
<emphasis id="98824708FFBBFFD40BAD2A399506B4F6" bold="true" box="[199,346,1898,1923]" pageId="24" pageNumber="355">Triactine II:</emphasis>
Regular or sagittal. Actines are cylindrical, with blunt or rounded tips (
<figureCitation id="32CD879FFFBBFFD40FEC2A399153B4F6" box="[1158,1295,1898,1923]" captionStart="FIGURE11" captionStartId="24.[151,250,1501,1523]" captionTargetBox="[340,1247,194,1479]" captionTargetId="figure@24.[340,1247,194,1479]" captionTargetPageId="24" captionText="FIGURE11. Leucaltis clathria (UFRJPOR 7671).A. Specimen in situ. B. Specimenin ethanol.C. Larvae in the choanosome. D. Cross-section showing tangential cortical triactines and a large tetractine whose apical actine crosses the choanosome and penetrates the atrium. E. SEM micrograph of a tangential section of the atrial wall with sagittal triactines and tetractines and with two apical actines of cortical tetractines protruding into the atrium.F. SEM micrograph of a tangentialsection of the atrial wall showing sagittal triactines and tetractines.G. Choanosomal skeleton composedof small regular triactines and tetractines." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1221644/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="355">Figures 11F</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="32CD879FFFBBFFD40E762A38910CB4F6" box="[1308,1360,1899,1923]" captionStart="FIGURE 12" captionStartId="25.[151,250,1359,1381]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,266,1337]" captionTargetId="figure@25.[151,1436,266,1337]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="FIGURE 12. Leucaltis clathria (UFRJPOR 7671). A. Triactine I. B. Tetractine I. C. Apical actine of a tetractine I (arrow). D. Sagittal triactine II. E. Sagittal tetractine II." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1221646/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="355">12D</figureCitation>
). Size: 52.5–65.0/2.5–5.0 µm (regular), 30.0–67.5/2.5–5.0 µm (sagittal, unpaired actine), 57.5–70.0/2.5–5.0 µm (sagittal, paired actines).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="AA499B1AFFBBFFD50BAD2A859564B3A0" blockId="24.[151,1436,1718,2031]" lastBlockId="25.[151,1436,151,213]" lastPageId="25" lastPageNumber="356" pageId="24" pageNumber="355">
<emphasis id="98824708FFBBFFD40BAD2A859534B49A" bold="true" box="[199,360,2006,2031]" pageId="24" pageNumber="355">Tetractine II:</emphasis>
Regular or sagittal. Actines are cylindrical with blunt or rounded tips (
<figureCitation id="32CD879FFFBBFFD40FE02A85914EB49A" box="[1162,1298,2006,2031]" captionStart="FIGURE11" captionStartId="24.[151,250,1501,1523]" captionTargetBox="[340,1247,194,1479]" captionTargetId="figure@24.[340,1247,194,1479]" captionTargetPageId="24" captionText="FIGURE11. Leucaltis clathria (UFRJPOR 7671).A. Specimen in situ. B. Specimenin ethanol.C. Larvae in the choanosome. D. Cross-section showing tangential cortical triactines and a large tetractine whose apical actine crosses the choanosome and penetrates the atrium. E. SEM micrograph of a tangential section of the atrial wall with sagittal triactines and tetractines and with two apical actines of cortical tetractines protruding into the atrium.F. SEM micrograph of a tangentialsection of the atrial wall showing sagittal triactines and tetractines.G. Choanosomal skeleton composedof small regular triactines and tetractines." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1221644/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="355">Figures 11F</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="32CD879FFFBBFFD40E752A84910CB49A" box="[1311,1360,2007,2031]" captionStart="FIGURE 12" captionStartId="25.[151,250,1359,1381]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,266,1337]" captionTargetId="figure@25.[151,1436,266,1337]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="FIGURE 12. Leucaltis clathria (UFRJPOR 7671). A. Triactine I. B. Tetractine I. C. Apical actine of a tetractine I (arrow). D. Sagittal triactine II. E. Sagittal tetractine II." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1221646/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="355">12E</figureCitation>
). Size: 30.0–62.5/2.5–3.7 µm (regular), 32.5–52.5/2.5–5.0 µm (sagittal, unpaired actine), 37.5–72.5/2.5–5.0 µm (sagittal, paired actine).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="FE89CB92FFBAFFD50BFD281C9613B6F1" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1221646/files/figure.png" pageId="25" pageNumber="356" startId="25.[151,250,1359,1381]" targetBox="[151,1436,266,1337]" targetPageId="25">
<paragraph id="AA499B1AFFBAFFD50BFD281C9613B6F1" blockId="25.[151,1436,1359,1412]" pageId="25" pageNumber="356">
<emphasis id="98824708FFBAFFD50BFD281C957CB610" bold="true" box="[151,288,1359,1381]" pageId="25" pageNumber="356">FIGURE 12.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="6DF6E099FFBAFFD50A4C281C9586B610" authorityName=": Haeckel" authorityYear="1872" box="[294,474,1359,1381]" class="Calcarea" family="Leucaltidae" genus="Leucaltis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clathrinida" pageId="25" pageNumber="356" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="clathria">
<emphasis id="98824708FFBAFFD50A4C281C9586B610" box="[294,474,1359,1381]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="356">Leucaltis clathria</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(UFRJPOR 7671).
<emphasis id="98824708FFBAFFD509CE281C96E1B610" bold="true" box="[676,701,1359,1381]" pageId="25" pageNumber="356">A.</emphasis>
Triactine I.
<emphasis id="98824708FFBAFFD50851281C970EB610" bold="true" box="[827,850,1359,1381]" pageId="25" pageNumber="356">B.</emphasis>
Tetractine I.
<emphasis id="98824708FFBAFFD508B6281C97A8B610" bold="true" box="[988,1012,1359,1381]" pageId="25" pageNumber="356">C.</emphasis>
Apical actine of a tetractine I (arrow).
<emphasis id="98824708FFBAFFD50EE9281C91C0B610" bold="true" box="[1411,1436,1359,1381]" pageId="25" pageNumber="356">D.</emphasis>
Sagittal triactine II.
<emphasis id="98824708FFBAFFD50A0B283D9525B6F1" bold="true" box="[353,377,1390,1412]" pageId="25" pageNumber="356">E.</emphasis>
Sagittal tetractine II.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="E2ECC891FFBAFFD50BAD2899971DB5E3" pageId="25" pageNumber="356" type="biology_ecology">
<paragraph id="AA499B1AFFBAFFD50BAD289995D7B573" blockId="25.[151,1437,1482,1939]" pageId="25" pageNumber="356">
<emphasis id="98824708FFBAFFD50BAD28999577B696" bold="true" box="[199,299,1482,1507]" pageId="25" pageNumber="356">Ecology.</emphasis>
The analysed specimen was collected at the entrance of a cave, in a shaded environment.
<collectingRegion id="683255F8FFBAFFD50E10289891C0B697" box="[1402,1436,1483,1506]" country="Haiti" name="Nord" pageId="25" pageNumber="356">No</collectingRegion>
epibionts were found.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="AA499B1AFFBAFFD50BAD2B41971DB5E3" blockId="25.[151,1437,1482,1939]" pageId="25" pageNumber="356">
<emphasis id="98824708FFBAFFD50BAD2B41965CB55E" bold="true" box="[199,512,1554,1579]" pageId="25" pageNumber="356">Geographical distribution</emphasis>
. Atlantic Ocean:
<collectingCountry id="D2E1DB8AFFBAFFD509A52B419747B55F" box="[719,795,1554,1578]" name="United States of America" pageId="25" pageNumber="356">U.S.A.</collectingCountry>
<collectingRegion id="683255F8FFBAFFD5084F2B41972AB55E" box="[805,886,1554,1579]" country="United States of America" name="Florida" pageId="25" pageNumber="356">Florida</collectingRegion>
(
<bibRefCitation id="CE67E6EBFFBAFFD508E22B419077B55F" box="[904,1067,1554,1579]" pageId="25" pageNumber="356" refId="ref13633" refString="Haeckel, E. (1872) Die Kalkschwamme, eine Monographie. G. Reimer, Berlin, 418 pp." type="book">Haeckel 1872</bibRefCitation>
), off
<collectingCountry id="D2E1DB8AFFBAFFD50F012B41908EB55E" box="[1131,1234,1554,1579]" name="Bermuda" pageId="25" pageNumber="356">Bermuda</collectingCountry>
(Poléjaeff 1883),
<collectingRegion id="683255F8FFBAFFD50BFD2B6494ACB53B" box="[151,240,1591,1614]" country="Panama" name="Panama" pageId="25" pageNumber="356">
<collectingCountry id="D2E1DB8AFFBAFFD50BFD2B6494ACB53B" box="[151,240,1591,1614]" name="Panama" pageId="25" pageNumber="356">Panama</collectingCountry>
</collectingRegion>
(
<bibRefCitation id="CE67E6EBFFBAFFD50A6B2B6695B9B53B" box="[257,485,1589,1614]" pageId="25" pageNumber="356" refId="ref13864" refString="Klautau, M., Azevedo, F., Condor-Lujan, B., Rapp, H. T., Collins, A. &amp; Russo, CAM. (2013) A Molecular Phylogeny for the Order Clathrinida Rekindles and Refines Haeckel's Taxonomic Proposal for Calcareous Sponges. Integrative and Comparative Biology, 53 (3), 447 - 461. https: // doi. org / 10.1093 / icb / ict 039" type="journal article">
Klautau
<emphasis id="98824708FFBAFFD50A0E2B6495C3B53B" box="[356,415,1590,1614]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="356">et al.</emphasis>
2013
</bibRefCitation>
),
<collectingCountry id="D2E1DB8AFFBAFFD50A912B669606B53B" box="[507,602,1589,1614]" name="Portugal" pageId="25" pageNumber="356">Portugal</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="CE67E6EBFFBAFFD509002B669749B53B" box="[618,789,1589,1614]" pageId="25" pageNumber="356" refId="ref13655" refString="Hanitsch, R. (1895) Notes on a collection of sponges from the west coast of Portugal. In Transactions of the Liverpool Biological Society, 9, 205 - 219." type="journal article">Hanitsch 1895</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="CE67E6EBFFBAFFD508492B6697F6B53B" box="[803,938,1589,1614]" pageId="25" pageNumber="356" refId="ref12286" refString="Arndt, W. (1940) Eine neuere Ausbeute von Meeresschwammen der West und Sudkuste Portugals. Memorias do Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de Coimbra, 116, 1 - 75." type="journal article">Arndt 1940</bibRefCitation>
),
<collectingCountry id="D2E1DB8AFFBAFFD508AA2B65904BB53B" box="[960,1047,1590,1614]" name="Guyana" pageId="25" pageNumber="356">Guyana</collectingCountry>
Shelf (Van Soest 2017), Brazil—
<collectingRegion id="683255F8FFBAFFD50BFD2B099495B507" box="[151,201,1626,1650]" country="Brazil" name="Para" pageId="25" pageNumber="356">Pará</collectingRegion>
State,
<collectingRegion id="683255F8FFBAFFD50A7F2B09952DB506" box="[277,369,1626,1651]" country="Brazil" name="Alagoas" pageId="25" pageNumber="356">Alagoas</collectingRegion>
State,
<collectingRegion id="683255F8FFBAFFD50AD72B0995A2B507" box="[445,510,1626,1650]" country="Brazil" name="Ceara" pageId="25" pageNumber="356">Ceará</collectingRegion>
State,
<collectingRegion id="683255F8FFBAFFD509202B09976AB507" box="[586,822,1626,1651]" country="Brazil" name="Rio Grande do Norte" pageId="25" pageNumber="356">
Rio
<collectingRegion id="683255F8FFBAFFD509102B09976AB507" box="[634,822,1626,1651]" inferredBySuffix="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="356">Grande do Norte</collectingRegion>
</collectingRegion>
State,
<collectingRegion id="683255F8FFBAFFD508E82B09978BB506" box="[898,983,1626,1651]" country="Brazil" name="Sergipe" pageId="25" pageNumber="356">Sergipe</collectingRegion>
State,
<collectingRegion id="683255F8FFBAFFD50F492B09909FB507" box="[1059,1219,1626,1651]" country="Brazil" name="Espirito Santo" pageId="25" pageNumber="356">Espírito Santo</collectingRegion>
State (
<bibRefCitation id="CE67E6EBFFBAFFD50E652B099560B5E3" pageId="25" pageNumber="356" refId="ref12587" refString="Borojevic, R. &amp; Peixinho, S. (1976) Eponges calcaires des cotes nord et nord-est du Bresil. Bulletin du Museum d'histoire Naturelle de Paris, 402, 987 - 1036." type="journal article">Borojevic &amp; Peixinho 1976</bibRefCitation>
; Muricy
<emphasis id="98824708FFBAFFD50AC82B2C958FB5E3" box="[418,467,1662,1686]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="356">et al</emphasis>
. 2008; 2011,
<bibRefCitation id="CE67E6EBFFBAFFD509062B2C9769B5E3" box="[620,821,1662,1686]" pageId="25" pageNumber="356" refId="ref14094" refString="Lanna, E., Cavalcanti, F. F., Cardoso, L., Muricy, G. &amp; Klautau, M. (2009) Taxonomy of calcareous sponges (Porifera, Calcarea) from Potiguar Basin, NE Brazil. Zootaxa, 1973, 1 - 27." type="journal article">
Lanna
<emphasis id="98824708FFBAFFD509D32B2C96B7B5E3" box="[697,747,1662,1686]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="356">et al</emphasis>
. 2009
</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="E2ECC891FFBAFFD50BAD2BF190A1B4E6" pageId="25" pageNumber="356" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="AA499B1AFFBAFFD50BAD2BF190A1B4E6" blockId="25.[151,1437,1482,1939]" pageId="25" pageNumber="356">
<emphasis id="98824708FFBAFFD50BAD2BF19567B5CE" bold="true" box="[199,315,1698,1723]" pageId="25" pageNumber="356">Remarks.</emphasis>
For a long time,
<taxonomicName id="6DF6E099FFBAFFD509622BF1968DB5CF" authorityName=": Haeckel" authorityYear="1872" box="[520,721,1698,1722]" class="Calcarea" family="Leucaltidae" genus="Leucaltis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clathrinida" pageId="25" pageNumber="356" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="clathria">
<emphasis id="98824708FFBAFFD509622BF1968DB5CF" box="[520,721,1698,1722]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="356">Leucaltis clathria</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was considered to be a cosmopolitan species (Poléjaeff 1883;
<bibRefCitation id="CE67E6EBFFBAFFD50BFD2B95957CB5AB" box="[151,288,1733,1758]" pageId="25" pageNumber="356" refId="ref12850" refString="Carter, H. J. (1886) Descriptions of sponges from the neighbourhood of Port Phillip Heads, South Australia, continued. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, Series 5, 17 (97, 98, 101, 102), 40 - 53, 112 - 127, 431 - 441, 502 - 516. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222938609460109" type="journal article">Carter 1886</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="CE67E6EBFFBAFFD50A462B9695E6B5AB" box="[300,442,1733,1758]" pageId="25" pageNumber="356" refId="ref13102" refString="Dendy, A. (1892) Synopsis of the Australian Calcarea Heterocoela, with a proposed classification of the group and descriptions of some new genera and species. Proceedings of the Royal Society of Victoria, 5, 69 - 116." type="journal article">Dendy 1892</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="CE67E6EBFFBAFFD50AAC2B95965DB5AB" box="[454,513,1734,1758]" pageId="25" pageNumber="356" refId="ref13146" refString="Dendy, A. (1893) Studies on the comparative anatomy of sponges. V. Observations on the structure and classification of the Calcarea Heterocoela. Quarterly Journal of Microscopical Science, New Series, 35, 159 - 257." type="journal article">1893</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="CE67E6EBFFBAFFD509662B96961BB5AB" box="[524,583,1733,1758]" pageId="25" pageNumber="356" refId="ref13189" refString="Dendy, A. (1905) Report on the sponges collected by Professor Herdman at Ceylon in 1902. Reports on the Pearl Oyster Fisheries of the Gulf of Manaar, 3, 59 - 246." type="journal article">1905</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="CE67E6EBFFBAFFD5093E2B969759B5AB" box="[596,773,1733,1758]" pageId="25" pageNumber="356" refId="ref12502" refString="Borojevic, R. (1998) Sponges of the New Caledonian Lagoon: class Calcarea. The calcareous sponges. In: Levi, C. (Ed.), Sponges of the New Caledonian Lagoon. Collection Faune et Flore Tropicales. Vol. 33. ORSTOM, Paris, pp. 73 - 79." type="book">Borojevic 1998</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="CE67E6EBFFBAFFD5087B2B96901FB5AB" box="[785,1091,1733,1758]" pageId="25" pageNumber="356" refId="ref12561" refString="Borojevic, R. &amp; Klautau, M. (2000) Calcareous sponges from New Caledonia. Zoosystema, 22, 187 - 201." type="journal article">Borojevic &amp; Klautau 2000</bibRefCitation>
). However, in 2013 Klautau
<emphasis id="98824708FFBAFFD50EE22B9494E8B477" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="356">et al.</emphasis>
generated DNA sequences of
<taxonomicName id="6DF6E099FFBAFFD509482BB896C1B477" authorityName=": Haeckel" authorityYear="1872" box="[546,669,1770,1794]" class="Calcarea" family="Leucaltidae" genus="Leucaltis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clathrinida" pageId="25" pageNumber="356" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="clathria">
<emphasis id="98824708FFBAFFD509482BB896C1B477" box="[546,669,1770,1794]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="356">L. clathria</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from the Caribbean Sea (
<typeStatus id="754D25B8FFBAFFD508BF2BB9905BB477" box="[981,1031,1770,1794]" pageId="25" pageNumber="356">type</typeStatus>
locality of this species) and from
<collectingCountry id="D2E1DB8AFFBAFFD50BFD2A5E955DB453" box="[151,257,1805,1830]" name="Australia" pageId="25" pageNumber="356">Australia</collectingCountry>
, and suggested that the specimens from
<collectingCountry id="D2E1DB8AFFBAFFD509A22A5E9772B453" box="[712,814,1805,1830]" name="Australia" pageId="25" pageNumber="356">Australia</collectingCountry>
comprised a distinct species. In 2015, Van Soest &amp; De Voogd published a work about calcareous sponges from
<collectingCountry id="D2E1DB8AFFBAFFD508502A6197FBB43E" box="[826,935,1842,1867]" name="Indonesia" pageId="25" pageNumber="356">Indonesia</collectingCountry>
and proposed that Indo-Pacific specimens morphologically similar to
<taxonomicName id="6DF6E099FFBAFFD50AA72A049619B41B" authorityName=": Haeckel" authorityYear="1872" box="[461,581,1878,1902]" class="Calcarea" family="Leucaltidae" genus="Leucaltis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clathrinida" pageId="25" pageNumber="356" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="clathria">
<emphasis id="98824708FFBAFFD50AA72A049619B41B" box="[461,581,1878,1902]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="356">L. clathria</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
should be called
<taxonomicName id="6DF6E099FFBAFFD508652A049022B41B" authority="(Polejaeff, 1883)" baseAuthorityName="Polejaeff" baseAuthorityYear="1883" box="[783,1150,1877,1902]" class="Calcarea" family="Leucaltidae" genus="Heteropegma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clathrinida" pageId="25" pageNumber="356" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="nodusgordii">
<emphasis id="98824708FFBAFFD508652A0497E8B41B" box="[783,948,1878,1902]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="356">L. nodusgordii</emphasis>
(Poléjaeff, 1883)
</taxonomicName>
. Therefore,
<taxonomicName id="6DF6E099FFBAFFD50E632A0491DDB41B" authorityName=": Haeckel" authorityYear="1872" box="[1289,1409,1878,1902]" class="Calcarea" family="Leucaltidae" genus="Leucaltis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clathrinida" pageId="25" pageNumber="356" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="clathria">
<emphasis id="98824708FFBAFFD50E632A0491DDB41B" box="[1289,1409,1878,1902]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="356">L. clathria</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is currently considered to be present only in the Atlantic Ocean, having an amphi-Atlantic distribution.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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