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<document id="094801B595D0BF9E8F9D8525B3A73393" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.3631.1.1" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5261853" ID-ZooBank="A355AA9D-3644-4F29-84AA-5D398D2EE6D0" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1629849563415" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Kawahara, Akito Y." docDate="2013" docId="03FF87C7FFE4434376E7FDAEFECAD1C9" docLanguage="en" docName="zt03631p074.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 3631 (1)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3631.1.1" docStyle="DocumentStyle:5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3.14:Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleId="5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleVersion="14" docTitle="Libythea collenettei Riley 1928" docType="treatment" docVersion="3" lastPageNumber="14" masterDocId="FFC6FFBFFFE9434E7670FFC7FFF3D758" masterDocTitle="&lt;strong&gt; Systematic revision and review of the extant and fossil snout butterflies (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae: Libytheinae) &lt;/ strong&gt;" masterLastPageNumber="74" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="14" updateTime="1699120693277" updateUser="plazi">
<mods:mods id="AAFA4CA769626B5EF21C5BAE5C36C54D" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo id="CB810913A7CEC37AA2F69E2FADC91290">
<mods:title id="A2DFBCDFE5E3A1DBB9CE7D7D42C27F80">&lt;strong&gt; Systematic revision and review of the extant and fossil snout butterflies (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae: Libytheinae) &lt;/ strong&gt;</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name id="5D16AB36998F515E434D42BF63AB670E" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="79270D4FF1FAF80D9DDB4CB28078A2D8">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="10809FBDD7141D8EB471407B18816D1E">Kawahara, Akito Y.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="15F91C6C9EE74103F77ED2490E1CAB44">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="A474974E74F2E8102D9C706D6555F8B7">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="79928E1549049838915EE5084807E244">
<mods:date id="ACE5F1F30BBC6E9E75D9B6B20463BA4B">2013</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="1B2340207B5C4AC4CDC940244678D554">2013-03-22</mods:number>
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<mods:detail id="3076AB2DC3D21C8841BD8AE74E00C80D" type="volume">
<mods:number id="05DA0EA18965CE3E3696556A9BC26695">3631</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="74B7CE5B7F0E1BA87754F28C06F9C683">1</mods:number>
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<mods:start id="A67FDE3905EC85CA069587B2971B0E49">1</mods:start>
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<mods:url id="8E62D15364B9F1832039C843914AA000">http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3631.1.1</mods:url>
</mods:location>
<mods:classification id="590AA237B6A7789CE761E60A15539E10">journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier id="3714DA37C0322F4333C7F8F324B34D66" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.3631.1.1</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="1BB9C49F01C236C8C8EF6361D15E7205" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="5AA6EEDA24728951CAFE7F4C57D584BB" type="Zenodo-Dep">5261853</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
<treatment id="03FF87C7FFE4434376E7FDAEFECAD1C9" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5261725" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5261725" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03FF87C7FFE4434376E7FDAEFECAD1C9" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03FF87C7FFE4434376E7FDAEFECAD1C9" lastPageNumber="14" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
<subSubSection id="C34C655AFFE4434376E7FDAEFDFDD5DB" box="[151,526,617,643]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BE936D1FFE4434376E7FDAEFDFDD5DB" blockId="13.[151,526,617,676]" box="[151,526,617,643]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
<heading id="D0A181BDFFE4434376E7FDAEFDFDD5DB" bold="true" box="[151,526,617,643]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" reason="4">
<taxonomicName id="4C564D52FFE4434376E7FDAEFDFDD5DB" ID-CoL="6Q8JK" authority="Riley 1928" authorityName="Riley" authorityYear="1928" box="[151,526,617,643]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Libythea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="collenettei">
<emphasis id="B922EAC3FFE4434376E7FDAEFDFDD5DB" bold="true" box="[151,526,617,643]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
<emphasis id="B922EAC3FFE4434376E7FDAEFE77D5DB" bold="true" box="[151,388,617,643]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Libythea collenettei</emphasis>
Riley 1928
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C34C655AFFE4434376E7FD4BFE01D5FC" box="[151,498,652,676]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BE936D1FFE4434376E7FD4BFE01D5FC" blockId="13.[151,526,617,676]" box="[151,498,652,676]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
(
<figureCitation id="136D2A54FFE4434376EFFD4BFF1DD5FC" box="[159,238,652,676]" captionStart="FIGURES 2−13" captionStartId="11.[151,264,1307,1330]" captionTargetBox="[223,1363,180,1278]" captionTargetId="figure-373@11.[223,1363,180,1286]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURES 2−13. Lateral view of the male eighth abdominal tergum of Libythea and Libytheana with scales and hairs removed. 2. Libythea celtis; 3. Libythea collenettei; 4. Libythea geoffroyi; 5. Libythea labdaca; 6. Libythea laius; 7. Libythea lepita; 8. Libythea myrrha; 9. Libythea narina; 10. Libytheana carinenta; 11. Libytheana fulvescens; 12. Libytheana motya; 13. Libytheana terena." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5261859" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5261859/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Figs. 3</figureCitation>
, 15, 27, 40, 55, 73–76)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C34C655AFFE4434376E7FD13FCEAD5B4" box="[151,793,724,748]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="8BE936D1FFE4434376E7FD13FCEAD5B4" blockId="13.[151,793,724,748]" box="[151,793,724,748]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
<taxonomicName id="4C564D52FFE4434376E7FD13FD99D5B4" ID-CoL="6Q8JK" authority="Riley 1928: 456 - 458" authorityName="Riley" authorityPageNumber="456 - 458" authorityYear="1928" box="[151,618,724,748]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Libythea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="collenettei">
<emphasis id="B922EAC3FFE4434376E7FD13FE86D5B4" box="[151,373,724,748]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Libythea collenettei</emphasis>
Riley 1928: 456–458
</taxonomicName>
, pl. 21,
<figureCitation id="136D2A54FFE4434374B3FD13FCE5D5B4" box="[707,790,724,748]" captionStart="FIGURES 2−13" captionStartId="11.[151,264,1307,1330]" captionTargetBox="[223,1363,180,1278]" captionTargetId="figure-373@11.[223,1363,180,1286]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURES 2−13. Lateral view of the male eighth abdominal tergum of Libythea and Libytheana with scales and hairs removed. 2. Libythea celtis; 3. Libythea collenettei; 4. Libythea geoffroyi; 5. Libythea labdaca; 6. Libythea laius; 7. Libythea lepita; 8. Libythea myrrha; 9. Libythea narina; 10. Libytheana carinenta; 11. Libytheana fulvescens; 12. Libytheana motya; 13. Libytheana terena." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5261859" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5261859/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Fig. 13</figureCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C34C655AFFE4434376E7FCD1FC3ED4C2" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="8BE936D1FFE4434376E7FCD1FC3ED4C2" blockId="13.[151,1437,790,1681]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
<emphasis id="B922EAC3FFE4434376E7FCD1FEE2D477" bold="true" box="[151,273,790,815]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C564D52FFE44343776DFCD0FDF3D477" authorityName="Riley" authorityYear="1928" box="[285,512,791,815]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Libythea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="collenettei">
<emphasis id="B922EAC3FFE44343776DFCD0FDF3D477" box="[285,512,791,815]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Libythea collenettei</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is thought to be basal within the genus
<taxonomicName id="4C564D52FFE443437598FCD0FAD1D477" authority="(Kawahara 2009)" baseAuthorityName="Kawahara" baseAuthorityYear="2009" box="[1000,1314,791,815]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Libythea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B922EAC3FFE443437598FCD0FBB9D477" box="[1000,1098,791,815]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Libythea</emphasis>
(Kawahara 2009)
</taxonomicName>
. It can be distinguished from all other species in the genus by having smooth forewing and hindwing margins with a darkbrown band along the outer margin. Unlike other species in the genus, the ventral surface of the hindwing has a narrow postmedian white band, and the caudal margin of valva is curved.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C34C655AFFE4434376B7FC60FAA1D32A" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8BE936D1FFE4434376B7FC60FAA8D35F" blockId="13.[151,1437,790,1681]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
<emphasis id="B922EAC3FFE4434376B7FC60FDE6D4E7" bold="true" box="[199,533,934,959]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Type Specimens Examined.</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="3B3E3C8CFFE44343746FFC60FB97D4BA" collectionCode="BMNH" collectorName="St. George Expedition, C. L" location="St. George Expedition" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1" typeStatus="holotype">
<typeStatus id="54ED8873FFE44343746FFC60FD45D4E7" box="[543,694,935,959]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" type="holotype">HOLOTYPE</typeStatus>
,
<specimenCount id="9D50FD58FFE4434374B4FC60FD2AD4E6" box="[708,729,935,958]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" type="female">♀</specimenCount>
:
<emphasis id="B922EAC3FFE44343749CFC61FBDFD4E7" bold="true" box="[748,1068,934,959]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">MARQUESAS ISLANDS:</emphasis>
Oome, Nuku Hiva, flying over stream near sea level: 18-I-[19]25,
<collectorName id="26A35307FFE44343745BFC0DFC83D4BA" box="[555,880,970,994]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
<location id="8E89600AFFE44343745BFC0DFCDFD4BA" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03FF87C7FFE4434376E7FDAEFECAD1C9:8E89600AFFE44343745BFC0DFCDFD4BA" box="[555,812,970,994]" name="St. George Expedition" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">St. George Expedition</location>
, C. L
</collectorName>
. Collenette (
<collectionCode id="ED47AE14FFE443437272FC0DFBAFD4BA" box="[1026,1116,970,994]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">BMNH</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
.
<materialsCitation id="3B3E3C8CFFE443437201FC0DFAA4D35F" collectionCode="BMNH" collectorName="St. George Expedition, C. L" location="St. George Expedition" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" specimenCount="2" specimenCount-female="2" typeStatus="paratype">
<typeStatus id="54ED8873FFE443437201FC0DFAFCD4BA" box="[1137,1295,970,994]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" type="paratype">PARATYPES</typeStatus>
,
<specimenCount id="9D50FD58FFE44343736CFC0DFACCD4BA" box="[1308,1343,970,994]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" type="female">2♀</specimenCount>
: Oome, Nuku Hiva, flying over stream near sea level: 18-I-[19]25,
<collectorName id="26A35307FFE44343755CFC28FB9BD35E" box="[812,1128,1007,1031]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
<location id="8E89600AFFE44343755CFC28FBDBD35F" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03FF87C7FFE4434376E7FDAEFECAD1C9:8E89600AFFE44343755CFC28FBDBD35F" box="[812,1064,1007,1031]" name="St. George Expedition" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">St. George Expedition</location>
, C. L
</collectorName>
. Collenette (
<collectionCode id="ED47AE14FFE443437285FC28FABCD35F" box="[1269,1359,1007,1031]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">BMNH</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE936D1FFE4434376B7FBD5FAA1D32A" blockId="13.[151,1437,790,1681]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
<emphasis id="B922EAC3FFE4434376B7FBD5FDEED373" bold="true" box="[199,541,1042,1067]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Other Specimens Examined.</emphasis>
(
<specimenCount id="9D50FD58FFE443437440FBD5FDA2D372" box="[560,593,1042,1066]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" type="male">1♂</specimenCount>
,
<specimenCount id="9D50FD58FFE443437411FBD5FD77D372" box="[609,644,1042,1066]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" type="female">1♀</specimenCount>
):
<materialsCitation id="3B3E3C8CFFE4434374ECFBD5FABDD32A" collectingDate="2001-08-20" collectingDateMax="2001-08-24" collectingDateMin="2001-08-20" collectionCode="BPBM" collectorName="R. Englund" country="Jordan" county="Hohoi" elevation="762" location="Nuku Hiva" municipality="Takau Ridge" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" specimenCount="2" specimenCount-female="1" specimenCount-male="1">
<emphasis id="B922EAC3FFE4434374ECFBD5FC29D373" bold="true" box="[668,986,1042,1067]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">MARQUESAS ISLANDS:</emphasis>
<location id="8E89600AFFE443437593FBD5FB91D372" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03FF87C7FFE4434376E7FDAEFECAD1C9:8E89600AFFE443437593FBD5FB91D372" box="[995,1122,1042,1066]" country="Jordan" county="Hohoi" municipality="Takau Ridge" name="Nuku Hiva" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Nuku Hiva</location>
,
<location id="8E89600AFFE44343721FFBD5FAF9D372" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03FF87C7FFE4434376E7FDAEFECAD1C9:8E89600AFFE44343721FFBD5FAF9D372" box="[1135,1290,1042,1066]" country="Jordan" county="Hohoi" municipality="Takau Ridge" name="Toovi Plateau" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Toovi Plateau</location>
near base of
<collectingMunicipality id="6B8DACABFFE4434376E7FBF0FEDBD317" box="[151,296,1079,1103]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Takau Ridge</collectingMunicipality>
,
<quantity id="4CAE9B34FFE443437743FBF0FE70D317" box="[307,387,1079,1103]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.62" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" unit="ft" value="2500.0">
<elevation id="007BD1E2FFE443437743FBF0FE70D317" box="[307,387,1079,1103]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.62" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" unit="ft" value="2500.0">2500 ft</elevation>
</quantity>
[
<quantity id="4CAE9B34FFE4434377E1FBF0FE13D316" box="[401,480,1079,1103]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.62" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" unit="m" value="762.0">
<elevation id="007BD1E2FFE4434377E1FBF0FE13D316" box="[401,480,1079,1103]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.62" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" unit="m" value="762.0">762 m</elevation>
</quantity>
]:
<specimenCount id="9D50FD58FFE443437783FBF0FDE5D316" box="[499,534,1079,1103]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" type="female">1♀</specimenCount>
,
<date id="FFE81011FFE443437454FBF0FD4DD317" box="[548,702,1079,1103]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" value="2001-08-24">
<collectingDate id="EFACE9F9FFE443437454FBF0FD4DD317" box="[548,702,1079,1103]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" value="2001-08-24">24-VIII-2001</collectingDate>
</date>
,
<collectorName id="26A35307FFE4434374B9FBF0FCBAD317" box="[713,841,1079,1103]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">R. Englund</collectorName>
and S.
<collectingCountry id="F3417641FFE4434375EEFBF0FC1AD317" box="[926,1001,1079,1103]" name="Jordan" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Jordan</collectingCountry>
(
<collectionCode id="ED47AE14FFE443437588FBF0FBBFD317" box="[1016,1100,1079,1103]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34697" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34697" name="Bishop Museum" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" type="Museum">BPBM</collectionCode>
); Ua Pou, Poohekaei Summit, southwest of
<collectingCounty id="62884E5DFFE44343775CFB9DFE86D32A" box="[300,373,1114,1138]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Hohoi</collectingCounty>
,
<quantity id="4CAE9B34FFE4434377F0FB9DFE23D32A" box="[384,464,1114,1138]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.4008" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" unit="ft" value="2100.0">
<elevation id="007BD1E2FFE4434377F0FB9DFE23D32A" box="[384,464,1114,1138]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.4008" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" unit="ft" value="2100.0">2100 ft</elevation>
</quantity>
[
<quantity id="4CAE9B34FFE4434377AEFB9DFDDFD32A" box="[478,556,1114,1138]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.4" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" unit="m" value="640.0">
<elevation id="007BD1E2FFE4434377AEFB9DFDDFD32A" box="[478,556,1114,1138]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.4" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" unit="m" value="640.0">640 m</elevation>
</quantity>
], flying around
<taxonomicName id="4C564D52FFE4434374ADFB9CFCADD32B" box="[733,862,1115,1139]" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Miscanthus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B922EAC3FFE4434374ADFB9CFCADD32B" box="[733,862,1115,1139]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Miscanthus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
R.:
<specimenCount id="9D50FD58FFE4434375FDFB9DFC42D32A" box="[909,945,1114,1138]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" type="male">1♂</specimenCount>
,
<date id="FFE81011FFE4434375CEFB9DFBABD32A" box="[958,1112,1114,1138]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" value="2001-08-20">
<collectingDate id="EFACE9F9FFE4434375CEFB9DFBABD32A" box="[958,1112,1114,1138]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" value="2001-08-20">20-VIII-2001</collectingDate>
</date>
,
<collectorName id="26A35307FFE443437213FB9CFB10D32A" box="[1123,1251,1114,1138]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">R. Englund</collectorName>
(
<collectionCode id="ED47AE14FFE443437282FB9DFAB5D32A" box="[1266,1350,1114,1138]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34697" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34697" name="Bishop Museum" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" type="Museum">BPBM</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C34C655AFFE4434376B7FBB9FBB1D3CF" box="[199,1090,1150,1175]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="8BE936D1FFE4434376B7FBB9FBB1D3CF" blockId="13.[151,1437,790,1681]" box="[199,1090,1150,1175]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
<emphasis id="B922EAC3FFE4434376B7FBB9FE93D3CF" bold="true" box="[199,352,1150,1175]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Distribution.</emphasis>
Recorded from Nuku Hiva and Ua Pou of the Marquesas Islands.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C34C655AFFE4434376B7FB65FCCED387" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" type="biology_ecology">
<paragraph id="8BE936D1FFE4434376B7FB65FCCED387" blockId="13.[151,1437,790,1681]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
<emphasis id="B922EAC3FFE4434376B7FB65FED4D3E3" bold="true" box="[199,295,1186,1211]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Biology.</emphasis>
According to
<bibRefCitation id="EFC74B20FFE4434377B6FB65FD85D3E2" author="Shields, O." box="[454,630,1186,1210]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" pagination="107 - 112" refId="ref75778" refString="Shields, O. (1987 a) The geologic significance of Libythea collenettei (Lepidoptera: Libytheidae) endemic to the Marquesas Islands, south-central Pacific. Bulletin of the Southern California Academy of Science, 86 (2), 107 - 112." type="journal article" year="1987">Shields (1987a)</bibRefCitation>
the larval host plant is most likely
<emphasis id="B922EAC3FFE44343758DFB64FB6CD3E3" box="[1021,1183,1187,1211]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Celtis pacifica</emphasis>
Planch. (
<taxonomicName id="4C564D52FFE443437377FB65FA62D3E2" box="[1287,1425,1186,1210]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Celtidaceae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Rosales" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Celtidaceae</taxonomicName>
). The adult is possibly attracted to flowers (
<bibRefCitation id="EFC74B20FFE44343741DFB00FCC2D387" author="Kawahara, A. Y." box="[621,817,1223,1247]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" pagination="81 - 85" refId="ref70934" refString="Kawahara, A. Y. (2003 a) Rediscovery of Libythea collenettei Poulton &amp; Riley in the Marquesas, and a description of the male. Journal of the Lepidopterists' Society, 57, 81 - 85." type="journal article" year="2003">Kawahara 2003a</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C34C655AFFE4434376B7FB2CFECAD1C9" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8BE936D1FFE4434376B7FB2CFECAD1C9" blockId="13.[151,1437,790,1681]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
<emphasis id="B922EAC3FFE4434376B7FB2CFEC8D25B" bold="true" box="[199,315,1259,1283]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Remarks.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C564D52FFE443437733FB2CFDD1D25B" authorityName="Riley" authorityYear="1928" box="[323,546,1259,1283]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Libythea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="collenettei">
<emphasis id="B922EAC3FFE443437733FB2CFDD1D25B" box="[323,546,1259,1283]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Libythea collenettei</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was presumed extinct because it was only known from the
<specimenCount id="9D50FD58FFE4434372BCFB2DFAABD25A" box="[1228,1368,1258,1282]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" type="female">three female</specimenCount>
<typeStatus id="54ED8873FFE443437311FB2CFA6FD25B" box="[1377,1436,1259,1283]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">types</typeStatus>
that were collected in 1925. However, a male and female were found in the Marquesas in 2001, and the male subsequently described (
<bibRefCitation id="EFC74B20FFE4434377DAFAF5FD9ED212" author="Kawahara, A. Y." box="[426,621,1330,1354]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" pagination="81 - 85" refId="ref70934" refString="Kawahara, A. Y. (2003 a) Rediscovery of Libythea collenettei Poulton &amp; Riley in the Marquesas, and a description of the male. Journal of the Lepidopterists' Society, 57, 81 - 85." type="journal article" year="2003">Kawahara 2003a</bibRefCitation>
). An initial cladistic analysis placed
<taxonomicName id="4C564D52FFE443437276FAF4FB6BD213" authorityName="Riley" authorityYear="1928" box="[1030,1176,1331,1355]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Libythea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="collenettei">
<emphasis id="B922EAC3FFE443437276FAF4FB6BD213" box="[1030,1176,1331,1355]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">L. collenettei</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
at the base of
<taxonomicName id="4C564D52FFE44343734AFAF4FE9FD237" authority="(Kawahara 2003 a)" baseAuthorityName="Kawahara" baseAuthorityYear="2003" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Libythea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B922EAC3FFE44343734AFAF4FA6FD213" box="[1338,1436,1331,1355]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Libythea</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFC74B20FFE4434376EEFA90FE97D237" author="Kawahara, A. Y." box="[158,356,1367,1391]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" pagination="81 - 85" refId="ref70934" refString="Kawahara, A. Y. (2003 a) Rediscovery of Libythea collenettei Poulton &amp; Riley in the Marquesas, and a description of the male. Journal of the Lepidopterists' Society, 57, 81 - 85." type="journal article" year="2003">Kawahara 2003a</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
, and a recent analysis that incorporated additional characters also placed
<taxonomicName id="4C564D52FFE4434372CDFA9FFAA1D237" authorityName="Riley" authorityYear="1928" box="[1213,1362,1367,1391]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Libythea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="collenettei">
<emphasis id="B922EAC3FFE4434372CDFA9FFAA1D237" box="[1213,1362,1367,1391]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">L. collenettei</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
at the base of
<taxonomicName id="4C564D52FFE443437684FABCFDDBD2CA" authority="(Kawahara 2009)" baseAuthorityName="Kawahara" baseAuthorityYear="2009" box="[244,552,1402,1427]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Libythea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B922EAC3FFE443437684FABCFEA5D2CB" box="[244,342,1403,1427]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Libythea</emphasis>
(Kawahara 2009)
</taxonomicName>
. This species lacks two characters that are shared by all remaining
<taxonomicName id="4C564D52FFE44343734AFABCFF1FD2EF" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Libythea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="undetermined">
<emphasis id="B922EAC3FFE44343734AFABCFA6FD2CB" box="[1338,1436,1403,1427]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Libythea</emphasis>
species
</taxonomicName>
: a single, wide band across hindwing cells M
<subScript id="17D23494FFE443437498FA69FD03D2E4" attach="left" box="[744,752,1454,1468]" fontSize="6" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">1</subScript>
– M
<subScript id="17D23494FFE443437555FA69FCDED2E4" attach="left" box="[805,813,1454,1468]" fontSize="6" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">3</subScript>
, and an apical spine on the valva. Because this taxon is found on very remote islands, it is plausible that it has lost some characters that other members of the genus retain. Thus, it could be that
<taxonomicName id="4C564D52FFE4434377FBFA2DFDEED159" authorityName="Riley" authorityYear="1928" box="[395,541,1513,1537]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Libythea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="collenettei">
<emphasis id="B922EAC3FFE4434377FBFA2DFDEED159" box="[395,541,1513,1537]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">L. collenettei</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is a very derived species in the genus, only being pulled to the base of
<taxonomicName id="4C564D52FFE44343734AFA2EFA6FD159" baseAuthorityName="Kawahara" baseAuthorityYear="2009" box="[1338,1436,1513,1537]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Libythea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B922EAC3FFE44343734AFA2EFA6FD159" box="[1338,1436,1513,1537]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Libythea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
because it shares morphological characters with outgroups which are interpreted in the cladistic analyses as plesiomorphic when it might just be a case of homoplasy. Previously,
<taxonomicName id="4C564D52FFE4434375EEF9F6FB8FD111" authorityName="Riley" authorityYear="1928" box="[926,1148,1585,1609]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Libythea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="collenettei">
<emphasis id="B922EAC3FFE4434375EEF9F6FB8FD111" box="[926,1148,1585,1609]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Libythea collenettei</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was thought to be closely related to
<taxonomicName id="4C564D52FFE44343777AF991FE88D135" authorityName="Kawahara" authorityYear="2006" box="[266,379,1622,1645]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Libythea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cinyras">
<emphasis id="B922EAC3FFE44343777AF991FE88D135" box="[266,379,1622,1645]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">L. cinyras</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C564D52FFE4434377C4F991FDC4D136" authorityName="Godart" authorityYear="1822" box="[436,567,1622,1646]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Libythea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="geoffroyi">
<emphasis id="B922EAC3FFE4434377C4F991FDC4D136" box="[436,567,1622,1646]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">L. geoffroyi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and its distribution is in accordance with this hypothesis (
<bibRefCitation id="EFC74B20FFE4434372BEF992FA64D135" author="Waterhouse, G. A." box="[1230,1431,1621,1645]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" pagination="101 - 133" refId="ref76795" refString="Waterhouse, G. A. (1937) Presidential address: The biology and taxonomy of the Australasian butterflies. Australia and New Zealand Association for the Advancement of Science, 23, 101 - 133." type="journal article" year="1937">Waterhouse 1937</bibRefCitation>
, Shields 1987).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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