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<document id="446AAD25C93E5B3734C422142BC22A3B" ID-CLB-Dataset="9275" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4895.2.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="32b41697-bcad-4325-b0b9-e50ea0eef03c" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4322394" ID-ZooBank="C17AFF30-1035-4A81-8C4F-C33A430A7712" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1608024136281" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Kallies, Axel, Edwards, Edward D. &amp; Williams, Andrew A. E." docDate="2020" docId="03FD87E71428F153EAADDF56FEAAB6F9" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4895.2.1.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4895 (2)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Synemon victoriae Kallies &amp; Edwards &amp; Williams 2020, sp. n." docType="treatment" docVersion="8" lastPageNumber="192" masterDocId="FFC4FF9F140CF17AEA3ADA41FF82B72B" masterDocTitle="New and little-known sun-moth species from Australia (Lepidoptera, Castniidae)" masterLastPageNumber="195" masterPageNumber="151" pageNumber="187" updateTime="1698847567355" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
<mods:mods id="7C124C5D8AD9C6D8FD5DBB2BC23958A0" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo id="372FFECAF27D4A73DB2084B3E808FE05">
<mods:title id="45FF8480A2B16FB762AF6BCAE53E8870">New and little-known sun-moth species from Australia (Lepidoptera, Castniidae)</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="62D78AC24862025C5AB111DA2783565A" type="personal">
<mods:role id="900EC90D70257AB442E1FD1E4BEAED09">
<mods:roleTerm id="E72A84B74260B0E76F7A311D98947F12">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="145D9A7EC1683EEF5AB2C07BD8CC383E">Kallies, Axel</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="508A1371AE03E79A9915F3CD6BA37832">University of Melbourne, School of BioSciences, Parkville, 3000 Victoria, Australia.</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
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<mods:namePart id="2E92C662307DC315620C0310CD5BF914">Edwards, Edward D.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="43AC63544464D1DB44855492832CB495">CSIRO, Australian National Insect Collection, GPO Box 1700, Canberra, 2601 ACT, Australia.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:name id="FC991D5FFD70376B8A75AE63B464AD83" type="personal">
<mods:role id="22A125CBC6D1040D37E1FE4F3903A060">
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<mods:namePart id="DBCF8DF0592D64A6504E7D4395CD7368">Williams, Andrew A. E.</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="BFD388EF97D142A0ADD001B394DCEBB3" type="ORCID">0000-0002-2777-4116</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation id="8243F6B6D74A9F0FF5611F66342A17D5">Department of Biodiversity, Conservation and Attractions, Biodiversity and Conservation Science, Woodvale Research Centre, Locked Bag 104, Bentley Delivery Centre, Western Australia. Andy. williams @ dbca. wa. gov. au; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 2777 - 4116</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="D4D745994EFF00328AB8C9FAC0907506" type="email">ndy.williams@dbca.wa.gov.au</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:title id="37C1EC4CA921DBB39CBB4873D54636A2">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="214DCD2B6E3B006C11C06D91CB6AE8F7">
<mods:date id="D3219352D6B5BEE44DA35040C8FDE14E">2020</mods:date>
<mods:detail id="1D7C213C374A0AEBF6E48760149945D1" type="pubDate">
<mods:number id="B672309F5285ED52613F24A473794EC0">2020-12-15</mods:number>
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<mods:detail id="FE863B72FD61D3BF8AA47BF0709E04A5" type="volume">
<mods:number id="107A36D06E2DFFDB357740E59E2AE064">4895</mods:number>
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<mods:classification id="D41FBC07DB517F3DD9CB9D1D3AE2CE3C">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="E780B616BABEBBE8FE59540132F1F279" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.4895.2.1</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="03FD87E71428F153EAADDF56FEAAB6F9" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4361903" ID-GBIF-Taxon="176092668" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4361903" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03FD87E71428F153EAADDF56FEAAB6F9" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03FD87E71428F153EAADDF56FEAAB6F9" lastPageId="41" lastPageNumber="192" pageId="36" pageNumber="187">
<subSubSection id="C34E657A1428F15EEAADDF56FE0DB27F" pageId="36" pageNumber="187" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BEB36F11428F15EEAADDF56FD34B21A" blockId="36.[151,694,1302,1401]" box="[151,694,1302,1329]" pageId="36" pageNumber="187">
<heading id="D0A3819D1428F15EEAADDF56FD34B21A" bold="true" box="[151,694,1302,1329]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="36" pageNumber="187" reason="1">
<emphasis id="B920EAE31428F15EEAADDF56FD34B21A" bold="true" box="[151,694,1302,1329]" pageId="36" pageNumber="187">
<taxonomicName id="4C544D721428F15EEAADDF56FDEEB21A" authority="Kallies &amp; Edwards" authorityName="Kallies &amp; Edwards &amp; Williams" authorityYear="2020" box="[151,620,1302,1329]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Synemon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="36" pageNumber="187" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="victoriae" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B920EAE31428F15EEAADDF56FEF5B21A" bold="true" box="[151,375,1303,1329]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="187">Synemon victoriae</emphasis>
Kallies &amp; Edwards
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A21357981428F15EE84EDF56FD34B21A" box="[628,694,1303,1329]" pageId="36" pageNumber="187" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BEB36F11428F15EEAADDF7BFE0DB27F" blockId="36.[151,694,1302,1401]" box="[151,399,1338,1364]" pageId="36" pageNumber="187">
<heading id="D0A3819D1428F15EEAADDF7BFE0DB27F" bold="true" box="[151,399,1338,1364]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="36" pageNumber="187" reason="1">
<emphasis id="B920EAE31428F15EEAADDF7BFE0DB27F" bold="true" box="[151,399,1338,1364]" pageId="36" pageNumber="187">Goldfields Sun-moth</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C34E657A1428F15EEAADDF1EFB8AB290" pageId="36" pageNumber="187" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BEB36F11428F15EEAADDF1EFEEAB252" blockId="36.[151,694,1302,1401]" box="[151,360,1374,1401]" pageId="36" pageNumber="187">
<figureCitation id="136F2A741428F15EEAADDF1EFE95B252" box="[151,279,1374,1401]" captionStart="FIGURES 82–89" captionStartId="38.[151,264,1942,1966]" captionTargetBox="[208,1385,215,1905]" captionTargetId="figure-23@38.[189,1398,181,1919]" captionTargetPageId="38" captionText="FIGURES 82–89. Synemon species adults. Upperside (left), underside (right). 82–85. Synemon victoriae sp. n., paratypes, Goldfields, Ƌ (82, 83), ♀ (84, 85) (WAM). 86–89. Synemon directa, Walpole, Ƌ (86, 87), ♀ (88, 89) (ANIC)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4322436" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4322436/files/figure.png" pageId="36" pageNumber="187">Figs 82–85</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="136F2A741428F15EEB18DF1EFEC3B252" box="[290,321,1375,1401]" captionStart="FIGURES 90, 91" captionStartId="39.[151,264,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[216,1354,198,1908]" captionTargetId="figure-19@39.[216,1371,181,1919]" captionTargetPageId="39" captionText="FIGURES 90, 91. Synemon species, male genitalia. a. Valva. b. Lateral view, right valva removed. c. Phallus. 90. Synemon victoriae sp. n., paratypes (genitalia slides 16579, 16580) (ANIC). 91. Synemon directa (genitalia slides 11807, 11851) (ANIC)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4322438" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4322438/files/figure.png" pageId="36" pageNumber="187">90</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="136F2A741428F15EEB76DF1EFEEAB252" box="[332,360,1375,1401]" captionStart="FIGURES 92–94" captionStartId="40.[151,264,1454,1478]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1430]" captionTargetId="figure-23@40.[151,1436,181,1430]" captionTargetPageId="40" captionText="FIGURES 92–94. Synemon habitat and biology. 92, 93. Synemon cacumina sp. n., male, Porongurup (92, image James Peake), habitat at Lookout Hill, Stirling Range (93). 94. Synemon victoriae sp. n., habitat at Boondi Rock, larval food-plant Lepidosperma drummondii." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4322440" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4322440/files/figure.png" pageId="36" pageNumber="187">94</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BEB36F11428F15EEAADDFE2FB8AB290" blockId="36.[151,1032,1443,1467]" box="[151,1032,1443,1467]" pageId="36" pageNumber="187">
Literature: Williams
<emphasis id="B920EAE31428F15EEB50DFE5FE15B290" box="[362,407,1443,1467]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="187">et al</emphasis>
. 2016, 119–120, figs 26, 27 (as ‘
<taxonomicName id="4C544D721428F15EE8DFDFE2FCC2B291" authorityName="Doubleday" authorityYear="1846" box="[741,832,1443,1466]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Synemon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="36" pageNumber="187" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B920EAE31428F15EE8DFDFE2FCC2B291" box="[741,832,1443,1466]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="187">Synemon</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp.
<collectingRegion id="4990F8131428F15EE950DFE2FC39B290" box="[874,955,1443,1467]" country="Australia" name="Victoria" pageId="36" pageNumber="187">Victoria</collectingRegion>
Rock’)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C34E657A1428F15EEAADDFA8FEB8B0A4" pageId="36" pageNumber="187" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8BEB36F11428F15EEAADDFA8FEB8B0A4" blockId="36.[151,1437,1513,2008]" pageId="36" pageNumber="187">
<emphasis id="B920EAE31428F15EEAADDFA8FE01B128" bold="true" box="[151,387,1513,1539]" pageId="36" pageNumber="187">Material examined.</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="3B3C3CAC1428F15EEBB6DFA8FA1BB128" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2995638498" box="[396,1433,1513,1540]" collectingDate="1988-03-30" collectionCode="WAM" collectorName="A. J. Graham'" location="Burra Rock" pageId="36" pageNumber="187" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
<emphasis id="B920EAE31428F15EEBB6DFA8FD80B128" bold="true" box="[396,514,1513,1539]" pageId="36" pageNumber="187">
<typeStatus id="54EF88531428F15EEBB6DFA8FE7FB128" box="[396,509,1513,1539]" pageId="36" pageNumber="187" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
:
</emphasis>
Ƌ ‘
<location id="8E8B602A1428F15EE814DFA8FD3AB128" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03FD87E71428F153EAADDF56FEAAB6F9:8E8B602A1428F15EE814DFA8FD3AB128" box="[558,696,1513,1539]" name="Burra Rock" pageId="36" pageNumber="187">Burra Rock</location>
<locationDeviation id="9A592FD31428F15EE8FBDFA8FC2BB128" box="[705,937,1513,1539]" location="Coolgardie" pageId="36" pageNumber="187">
<quantity id="4CAC9B141428F15EE8FBDFA8FC88B128" box="[705,778,1513,1539]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" pageId="36" pageNumber="187" unit="km" value="60.0">60 km</quantity>
S Coolgardie
</locationDeviation>
WA
<date id="FFEA10311428F15EE9DFDFA8FB17B128" box="[997,1173,1513,1539]" pageId="36" pageNumber="187" value="1988-03-30">
<collectingDate id="EFAEE9D91428F15EE9DFDFA8FB17B128" box="[997,1173,1513,1539]" pageId="36" pageNumber="187" value="1988-03-30">30 March 1988</collectingDate>
</date>
<collectorName id="26A153271428F15EEEA7DFABFAB6B128" box="[1181,1332,1513,1540]" pageId="36" pageNumber="187">A.J. Graham’</collectorName>
(
<collectionCode id="ED45AE341428F15EEF7CDFA8FA13B128" box="[1350,1425,1513,1539]" country="Australia" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34981" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34981" name="Western Australian Museum" pageId="36" pageNumber="187" type="Museum">WAM</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
.
<materialsCitation id="3B3C3CAC1428F15EEAADDC4CFC13B160" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2995638344" collectingDate="1996-03-12" collectionCode="ANIC" collectorName="E. D. Edwards &amp; E. S. Nielsen" latitude="-31.18" location="Coolgardie" longLatPrecision="731" longitude="120.55" municipality="Rock" pageId="36" pageNumber="187" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Victoria" typeStatus="paratype">
<emphasis id="B920EAE31428F15EEAADDC4CFE9AB10C" bold="true" box="[151,280,1549,1575]" pageId="36" pageNumber="187">
<typeStatus id="54EF88531428F15EEAADDC4CFE91B10C" box="[151,275,1549,1575]" pageId="36" pageNumber="187" type="paratype">Paratypes</typeStatus>
:
</emphasis>
1Ƌ,
<collectingRegion id="4990F8131428F15EEB62DC4CFE30B10C" box="[344,434,1549,1575]" country="Australia" name="Victoria" pageId="36" pageNumber="187">Victoria</collectingRegion>
<collectingMunicipality id="6B8FAC8B1428F15EEB87DC4CFE79B10C" box="[445,507,1549,1575]" pageId="36" pageNumber="187">Rock</collectingMunicipality>
,
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SW by S
<location id="8E8B602A1428F15EE8EDDC4CFCD4B10C" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03FD87E71428F153EAADDF56FEAAB6F9:8E8B602A1428F15EE8EDDC4CFCD4B10C" box="[727,854,1549,1575]" latitude="-31.18" longLatPrecision="731" longitude="120.55" municipality="Rock" name="Coolgardie" pageId="36" pageNumber="187" stateProvince="Victoria">Coolgardie</location>
,
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<date id="FFEA10311428F15EEE0ADC4CFB29B10C" box="[1072,1195,1549,1575]" pageId="36" pageNumber="187" value="1996-03-12">
<collectingDate id="EFAEE9D91428F15EEE0ADC4CFB29B10C" box="[1072,1195,1549,1575]" pageId="36" pageNumber="187" value="1996-03-12">12.iii.1996</collectingDate>
</date>
,
<collectorName id="26A153271428F15EEE81DC4FFADDB10C" box="[1211,1375,1549,1576]" pageId="36" pageNumber="187">E.D. Edwards</collectorName>
,
<collectorName id="26A153271428F15EEF54DC4CFF6FB160" pageId="36" pageNumber="187">E.S. Nielsen</collectorName>
(
<figureCitation id="136F2A741428F15EEAC6DC70FEFAB160" box="[252,376,1585,1611]" captionStart="FIGURES 90, 91" captionStartId="39.[151,264,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[216,1354,198,1908]" captionTargetId="figure-19@39.[216,1371,181,1919]" captionTargetPageId="39" captionText="FIGURES 90, 91. Synemon species, male genitalia. a. Valva. b. Lateral view, right valva removed. c. Phallus. 90. Synemon victoriae sp. n., paratypes (genitalia slides 16579, 16580) (ANIC). 91. Synemon directa (genitalia slides 11807, 11851) (ANIC)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4322438" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4322438/files/figure.png" pageId="36" pageNumber="187">Fig. 90a, b</figureCitation>
, genitalia and leg slides 16579, 18532) (
<collectionCode id="ED45AE341428F15EE904DC70FC0BB160" box="[830,905,1585,1611]" country="Australia" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:32981" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:32981" name="Australian National Insect Collection" pageId="36" pageNumber="187">ANIC</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="3B3C3CAC1428F15EE9A6DC70FB09B144" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2995638440" collectingDate="1996-03-17" collectionCode="ANIC" collectorName="E. D. Edwards &amp; E. S. Nielsen" latitude="-31.23" location="Burra Rock" longLatPrecision="731" longitude="121.12" pageId="36" pageNumber="187" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Victoria" typeStatus="paratype">
1Ƌ,
<location id="8E8B602A1428F15EE9F4DC73FBD1B160" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03FD87E71428F153EAADDF56FEAAB6F9:8E8B602A1428F15EE9F4DC73FBD1B160" box="[974,1107,1585,1612]" latitude="-31.23" longLatPrecision="731" longitude="121.12" name="Burra Rock" pageId="36" pageNumber="187" stateProvince="Victoria">Burra Rock</location>
,
<locationDeviation id="9A592FD31428F15EEE64DC70FAC0B160" box="[1118,1346,1585,1611]" location="Coolgardie" pageId="36" pageNumber="187">
<quantity id="4CAC9B141428F15EEE64DC70FB27B160" box="[1118,1189,1585,1611]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.8" pageId="36" pageNumber="187" unit="km" value="48.0">48 km</quantity>
S Coolgardie
</locationDeviation>
,
<geoCoordinate id="EE6050361428F15EEF74DC70FA1EB160" box="[1358,1436,1585,1611]" degrees="31.23" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="36" pageNumber="187" precision="555" value="-31.23">31.23S</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="EE6050361428F15EEAADDC14FF7AB144" box="[151,248,1621,1647]" degrees="121.12" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="36" pageNumber="187" precision="555" value="121.12">121.12E</geoCoordinate>
,
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<collectingDate id="EFAEE9D91428F15EEB39DC14FEFDB144" box="[259,383,1621,1647]" pageId="36" pageNumber="187" value="1996-03-17">17.iii.1996</collectingDate>
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,
<collectorName id="26A153271428F15EEBB0DC17FDABB144" box="[394,553,1621,1648]" pageId="36" pageNumber="187">E.D. Edwards</collectorName>
,
<collectorName id="26A153271428F15EE80EDC14FD3DB144" box="[564,703,1621,1647]" pageId="36" pageNumber="187">E.S. Nielsen</collectorName>
(
<figureCitation id="136F2A741428F15EE8F4DC14FCAEB144" box="[718,812,1621,1647]" captionStart="FIGURES 90, 91" captionStartId="39.[151,264,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[216,1354,198,1908]" captionTargetId="figure-19@39.[216,1371,181,1919]" captionTargetPageId="39" captionText="FIGURES 90, 91. Synemon species, male genitalia. a. Valva. b. Lateral view, right valva removed. c. Phallus. 90. Synemon victoriae sp. n., paratypes (genitalia slides 16579, 16580) (ANIC). 91. Synemon directa (genitalia slides 11807, 11851) (ANIC)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4322438" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4322438/files/figure.png" pageId="36" pageNumber="187">Fig. 90c</figureCitation>
, genitalia slide 16580) (
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)
</materialsCitation>
;
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<specimenCount id="9D52FD781428F15EEEACDC14FB3BB144" box="[1174,1209,1621,1647]" pageId="36" pageNumber="187" type="female">1♀</specimenCount>
,
<location id="8E8B602A1428F15EEEFCDC17FAC9B144" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03FD87E71428F153EAADDF56FEAAB6F9:8E8B602A1428F15EEEFCDC17FAC9B144" box="[1222,1355,1621,1648]" name="Burra Rock" pageId="36" pageNumber="187" stateProvince="Victoria">Burra Rock</location>
,
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S Coolgardie
</locationDeviation>
,
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<collectingDate id="EFAEE9D91428F15EEB02DC38FE36B1B8" box="[312,436,1657,1683]" pageId="36" pageNumber="187" value="1988-03-20">20.iii.1988</collectingDate>
</date>
,
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,
<collectorName id="26A153271428F15EE85DDC3BFD77B1B8" box="[615,757,1657,1684]" pageId="36" pageNumber="187">A.J. Graham</collectorName>
(
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)
</materialsCitation>
; 5Ƌ,
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<specimenCount id="9D52FD781428F15EE9A9DC38FC35B1B8" box="[915,951,1657,1683]" pageId="36" pageNumber="187" type="female">3♀</specimenCount>
,
<collectingMunicipality id="6B8FAC8B1428F15EE9FEDC38FB3FB1B8" box="[964,1213,1657,1683]" pageId="36" pageNumber="187">Goldfields Woodlands</collectingMunicipality>
N.P.,
<location id="8E8B602A1428F15EEF3BDC38FA1AB1B8" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03FD87E71428F153EAADDF56FEAAB6F9:8E8B602A1428F15EEF3BDC38FA1AB1B8" box="[1281,1432,1657,1683]" latitude="-40.9" longLatPrecision="6963" longitude="56.8" municipality="Goldfields Woodlands" name="Boondi Rock" pageId="36" pageNumber="187" stateProvince="Victoria">Boondi Rock</location>
, 3110’
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40.9
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12022’
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,
<date id="FFEA10311428F15EEB87DCDCFDADB19C" box="[445,559,1693,1719]" pageId="36" pageNumber="187" value="2012-02-21">
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</date>
(
<figureCitation id="136F2A741428F15EE807DCDCFD3EB19C" box="[573,700,1693,1720]" captionStart="FIGURES 77–80" captionStartId="34.[151,264,1172,1196]" captionTargetBox="[160,1427,224,1126]" captionTargetId="figure-23@34.[151,1436,181,1148]" captionTargetPageId="34" captionText="FIGURES 77–80. Synemon cacumina sp. n., upperside (left), underside (right). 77, 78. Ƌ, paratype, Israelite Bay (ANIC). 79, 80. ♀, paratype, Ravensthorpe (ANIC)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4322432" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4322432/files/figure.png" pageId="36" pageNumber="187">Figs 77, 78</figureCitation>
) (2Ƌ,
<specimenCount id="9D52FD781428F15EE93FDCDCFCAAB19C" box="[773,808,1693,1719]" pageId="36" pageNumber="187" type="female">2♀</specimenCount>
),
<date id="FFEA10311428F15EE905DCDCFC28B19C" box="[831,938,1693,1719]" pageId="36" pageNumber="187" value="2012-03-08">
<collectingDate id="EFAEE9D91428F15EE905DCDCFC28B19C" box="[831,938,1693,1719]" pageId="36" pageNumber="187" value="2012-03-08">8.iii.2012</collectingDate>
</date>
(
<figureCitation id="136F2A741428F15EE982DCDCFBB5B193" box="[952,1079,1693,1720]" captionStart="FIGURES 82–89" captionStartId="38.[151,264,1942,1966]" captionTargetBox="[208,1385,215,1905]" captionTargetId="figure-23@38.[189,1398,181,1919]" captionTargetPageId="38" captionText="FIGURES 82–89. Synemon species adults. Upperside (left), underside (right). 82–85. Synemon victoriae sp. n., paratypes, Goldfields, Ƌ (82, 83), ♀ (84, 85) (WAM). 86–89. Synemon directa, Walpole, Ƌ (86, 87), ♀ (88, 89) (ANIC)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4322436" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4322436/files/figure.png" pageId="36" pageNumber="187">Figs 84, 85</figureCitation>
) (ex pupa in leaf base / rhizome of large sedge,
<specimenCount id="9D52FD781428F15EEB7DDC80FEEAB1F0" box="[327,360,1729,1755]" pageId="36" pageNumber="187" type="female">1♀</specimenCount>
),
<date id="FFEA10311428F15EEBB9DC80FE75B1F7" box="[387,503,1729,1756]" pageId="36" pageNumber="187" value="2015-02-19">
<collectingDate id="EFAEE9D91428F15EEBB9DC80FE75B1F7" box="[387,503,1729,1756]" pageId="36" pageNumber="187" value="2015-02-19">19.ii.2015</collectingDate>
</date>
, (3Ƌ), A.A.E
<collectorName id="26A153271428F15EE8A2DC80FD7CB1F0" box="[664,766,1729,1755]" pageId="36" pageNumber="187">Williams</collectorName>
(
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,
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,
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)
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; 4Ƌ,
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<specimenCount id="9D52FD781428F15EEE04DC80FBE3B1F0" box="[1086,1121,1729,1755]" pageId="36" pageNumber="187" type="female">1♀</specimenCount>
,
<location id="8E8B602A1428F15EEE4ADC80FA8AB1F0" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03FD87E71428F153EAADDF56FEAAB6F9:8E8B602A1428F15EEE4ADC80FA8AB1F0" box="[1136,1288,1729,1755]" latitude="-32.3" longLatPrecision="7273" longitude="40.8" name="Granite Rock" pageId="36" pageNumber="187" stateProvince="Victoria">Granite Rock</location>
<locationDeviation id="9A592FD31428F15EEF2BDC80FE93B1D4" location="Caves Hill" pageId="36" pageNumber="187">
<quantity id="4CAC9B141428F15EEF2BDC80FACEB1F0" box="[1297,1356,1729,1755]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.0" pageId="36" pageNumber="187" unit="km" value="8.0">8 km</quantity>
WNW Caves Hill
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, 3137’
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32.3
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12108’
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,
<date id="FFEA10311428F15EE872DCA4FD3EB02B" box="[584,700,1765,1792]" pageId="36" pageNumber="187" value="2015-02-15">
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</date>
,
<collectorName id="26A153271428F15EE8FCDCA7FCF9B1D4" box="[710,891,1765,1792]" pageId="36" pageNumber="187">A.A.E Williams</collectorName>
(
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)
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="3B3C3CAC1428F15EE9D3DCA4FCCFB008" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2995638310" accessionNumber="S 12111" collectingDate="2016-02-13" collectionCode="WAM" collectorName="A. A. E Williams" latitude="-21.8" location="Granite Rock" longLatPrecision="7580" longitude="19.3" pageId="36" pageNumber="187" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Victoria" typeStatus="paratype">
1Ƌ,
<location id="8E8B602A1428F15EEE21DCA4FB30B1D4" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03FD87E71428F153EAADDF56FEAAB6F9:8E8B602A1428F15EEE21DCA4FB30B1D4" box="[1051,1202,1765,1791]" latitude="-21.8" longLatPrecision="7580" longitude="19.3" name="Granite Rock" pageId="36" pageNumber="187" stateProvince="Victoria">Granite Rock</location>
<locationDeviation id="9A592FD31428F15EEE80DCA4FA1AB1D4" box="[1210,1432,1765,1792]" location="Burra Rock" pageId="36" pageNumber="187">
<quantity id="4CAC9B141428F15EEE80DCA4FB76B1D4" box="[1210,1268,1765,1792]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="36" pageNumber="187" unit="km" value="5.0">5 km</quantity>
S Burra Rock
</locationDeviation>
, 3126’
<geoCoordinate id="EE6050361428F15EEAEDDD48FE9BB008" box="[215,281,1801,1827]" degrees="21.8" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="36" pageNumber="187" precision="5555" value="-21.8">
21.8
<accessionNumber id="9407AB121428F15EEB31DD48FE9BB008" box="[267,281,1801,1827]" httpUri="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/api/embl/S12111" pageId="36" pageNumber="187" type="EnaNcbi">S</accessionNumber>
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12111’
<geoCoordinate id="EE6050361428F15EEB57DD48FE30B008" box="[365,434,1801,1827]" degrees="19.3" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="36" pageNumber="187" precision="5555" value="19.3">19.3E</geoCoordinate>
,
<date id="FFEA10311428F15EEB86DD48FDB2B008" box="[444,560,1801,1827]" pageId="36" pageNumber="187" value="2016-02-13">
<collectingDate id="EFAEE9D91428F15EEB86DD48FDB2B008" box="[444,560,1801,1827]" pageId="36" pageNumber="187" value="2016-02-13">13.ii.2016</collectingDate>
</date>
,
<collectorName id="26A153271428F15EE803DD4BFD6EB008" box="[569,748,1801,1828]" pageId="36" pageNumber="187">A.A.E Williams</collectorName>
(
<collectionCode id="ED45AE341428F15EE8C0DD48FCC7B008" box="[762,837,1801,1827]" country="Australia" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34981" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34981" name="Western Australian Museum" pageId="36" pageNumber="187" type="Museum">WAM</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
; 1Ƌ,
<materialsCitation id="3B3C3CAC1428F15EE9B2DD48FDB0B06C" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2995638492" accessionNumber="S 12017" collectingDate="2015-02-19" collectionCode="WAM" collectorName="A. A. E Williams" latitude="-3.1" location="Boorabbin Rock" longLatPrecision="7850" longitude="14.7" pageId="36" pageNumber="187" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1" stateProvince="Victoria" typeStatus="paratype">
<specimenCount id="9D52FD781428F15EE9B2DD48FC29B008" box="[904,939,1801,1827]" pageId="36" pageNumber="187" type="female">1♀</specimenCount>
,
<location id="8E8B602A1428F15EE982DD48FBF0B008" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03FD87E71428F153EAADDF56FEAAB6F9:8E8B602A1428F15EE982DD48FBF0B008" box="[952,1138,1801,1827]" latitude="-3.1" longLatPrecision="7850" longitude="14.7" name="Boorabbin Rock" pageId="36" pageNumber="187" stateProvince="Victoria">Boorabbin Rock</location>
, 3112’
<geoCoordinate id="EE6050361428F15EEE87DD48FB7CB008" box="[1213,1278,1801,1827]" degrees="03.1" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="36" pageNumber="187" precision="5555" value="-3.1">
03.1
<accessionNumber id="9407AB121428F15EEECADD48FB7CB008" box="[1264,1278,1801,1827]" httpUri="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/api/embl/S12017" pageId="36" pageNumber="187" type="EnaNcbi">S</accessionNumber>
</geoCoordinate>
12017’
<geoCoordinate id="EE6050361428F15EEF69DD48FA1AB008" box="[1363,1432,1801,1827]" degrees="14.7" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="36" pageNumber="187" precision="5555" value="14.7">14.7E</geoCoordinate>
,
<date id="FFEA10311428F15EEAADDD6CFE89B063" box="[151,267,1837,1864]" pageId="36" pageNumber="187" value="2015-02-19">
<collectingDate id="EFAEE9D91428F15EEAADDD6CFE89B063" box="[151,267,1837,1864]" pageId="36" pageNumber="187" value="2015-02-19">19.ii.2015</collectingDate>
</date>
,
<collectorName id="26A153271428F15EEB22DD6FFE4CB06C" box="[280,462,1837,1864]" pageId="36" pageNumber="187">A.A.E Williams</collectorName>
(
<collectionCode id="ED45AE341428F15EEBE5DD6CFDA8B06C" box="[479,554,1837,1863]" country="Australia" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34981" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34981" name="Western Australian Museum" pageId="36" pageNumber="187" type="Museum">WAM</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
; 2Ƌ,
<materialsCitation id="3B3C3CAC1428F15EE849DD6CFEB4B0A4" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2995638425" accessionNumber="S 12044" collectingDate="2015-02-13" collectingDateMax="2016-02-12" collectingDateMin="2015-02-13" collectionCode="D, WAM" latitude="-15.4" location="McDermid Rock" longLatPrecision="7717" longitude="22.3" municipality="Hyden-Norseman Rd" pageId="36" pageNumber="187" specimenCount="4" specimenCount-female="4" stateProvince="Victoria" typeStatus="paratype">
<specimenCount id="9D52FD781428F15EE849DD6CFD1AB06C" box="[627,664,1837,1863]" pageId="36" pageNumber="187" type="female">2♀</specimenCount>
,
<collectingMunicipality id="6B8FAC8B1428F15EE89DDD6CFC18B06C" box="[679,922,1837,1863]" pageId="36" pageNumber="187">Hyden-Norseman Rd</collectingMunicipality>
,
<location id="8E8B602A1428F15EE992DD6CFBE9B06C" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03FD87E71428F153EAADDF56FEAAB6F9:8E8B602A1428F15EE992DD6CFBE9B06C" box="[936,1131,1837,1863]" latitude="-15.4" longLatPrecision="7717" longitude="22.3" municipality="Hyden-Norseman Rd" name="McDermid Rock" pageId="36" pageNumber="187" stateProvince="Victoria">McDermid Rock</location>
, 3201’16.0
<accessionNumber id="9407AB121428F15EEED6DD6CFACCB06C" box="[1260,1358,1837,1863]" httpUri="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/api/embl/S12044" pageId="36" pageNumber="187" type="EnaNcbi">S 12044</accessionNumber>
’20.8E,
<date id="FFEA10311428F15EEAADDD10FE8BB047" box="[151,265,1873,1900]" pageId="36" pageNumber="187" value="2015-02-13">
<collectingDate id="EFAEE9D91428F15EEAADDD10FE8BB047" box="[151,265,1873,1900]" pageId="36" pageNumber="187" value="2015-02-13">13.ii.2015</collectingDate>
</date>
(
<specimenCount id="9D52FD781428F15EEB20DD10FEBFB040" box="[282,317,1873,1899]" pageId="36" pageNumber="187" type="female">2♀</specimenCount>
), 3201’18.3
<accessionNumber id="9407AB121428F15EEBFDDD10FDAAB040" box="[455,552,1873,1899]" httpUri="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/api/embl/S12044" pageId="36" pageNumber="187" type="EnaNcbi">S 12044</accessionNumber>
’18.7E,
<date id="FFEA10311428F15EE846DD10FD6CB047" box="[636,750,1873,1900]" pageId="36" pageNumber="187" value="2015-02-14">
<collectingDate id="EFAEE9D91428F15EE846DD10FD6CB047" box="[636,750,1873,1900]" pageId="36" pageNumber="187" value="2015-02-14">14.ii.2015</collectingDate>
</date>
(1
<collectionCode id="ED45AE341428F15EE931DD10FCA3B040" box="[779,801,1873,1899]" pageId="36" pageNumber="187">Ƌ</collectionCode>
), 3201’15.4
<accessionNumber id="9407AB121428F15EE996DD10FB89B040" box="[940,1035,1873,1900]" httpUri="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/api/embl/S12044" pageId="36" pageNumber="187" type="EnaNcbi">S 12044</accessionNumber>
’22.3E,
<date id="FFEA10311428F15EEE5BDD10FB50B040" box="[1121,1234,1873,1899]" pageId="36" pageNumber="187" value="2016-02-12">
<collectingDate id="EFAEE9D91428F15EEE5BDD10FB50B040" box="[1121,1234,1873,1899]" pageId="36" pageNumber="187" value="2016-02-12">12.ii.2016</collectingDate>
</date>
(1
<collectionCode id="ED45AE341428F15EEECADD10FA84B040" box="[1264,1286,1873,1899]" pageId="36" pageNumber="187">Ƌ</collectionCode>
), A.A.E Wil-liams (
<collectionCode id="ED45AE341428F15EEAD9DD34FEACB0A4" box="[227,302,1909,1935]" collectionName="Australia, Western Australia, Perth, Western Australian Museum" country="Australia" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34981" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34981" name="Western Australian Museum" pageId="36" pageNumber="187" type="Museum">WAM</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C34E657A1428F15EEAFDDDD8FA04B098" box="[199,1414,1945,1972]" pageId="36" pageNumber="187" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="8BEB36F11428F15EEAFDDDD8FA04B098" blockId="36.[151,1437,1513,2008]" box="[199,1414,1945,1972]" pageId="36" pageNumber="187">
<emphasis id="B920EAE31428F15EEAFDDDD8FECCB098" bold="true" box="[199,334,1945,1971]" pageId="36" pageNumber="187">Etymology.</emphasis>
The species’ name is derived from the locality where the species was first found,
<collectingRegion id="4990F8131428F15EEED8DDD8FABEB098" box="[1250,1340,1945,1971]" country="Australia" name="Victoria" pageId="36" pageNumber="187">Victoria</collectingRegion>
Rock.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C34E657A1428F15FEAFDDDFCFD8DB197" lastPageId="37" lastPageNumber="188" pageId="36" pageNumber="187" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BEB36F11428F15FEAFDDDFCFEB9B687" blockId="36.[151,1437,1513,2008]" lastBlockId="37.[151,1437,150,2013]" lastPageId="37" lastPageNumber="188" pageId="36" pageNumber="187">
<emphasis id="B920EAE31428F15EEAFDDDFCFE1EB0FC" bold="true" box="[199,412,1981,2007]" pageId="36" pageNumber="187">Description. Male</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="136F2A741428F15EEB93DDFCFDABB0FC" box="[425,553,1981,2007]" captionStart="FIGURES 82–89" captionStartId="38.[151,264,1942,1966]" captionTargetBox="[208,1385,215,1905]" captionTargetId="figure-23@38.[189,1398,181,1919]" captionTargetPageId="38" captionText="FIGURES 82–89. Synemon species adults. Upperside (left), underside (right). 82–85. Synemon victoriae sp. n., paratypes, Goldfields, Ƌ (82, 83), ♀ (84, 85) (WAM). 86–89. Synemon directa, Walpole, Ƌ (86, 87), ♀ (88, 89) (ANIC)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4322436" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4322436/files/figure.png" pageId="36" pageNumber="187">Figs 82, 83</figureCitation>
). Alar expanse
<quantity id="4CAC9B141428F15EE8E9DDFCFCCFB0F3" box="[723,845,1981,2008]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.05" metricValueMax="4.1" metricValueMin="4.0" pageId="36" pageNumber="187" unit="mm" value="40.5" valueMax="41.0" valueMin="40.0">40–41 mm</quantity>
, forewing length
<quantity id="4CAC9B141428F15EEE35DDFCFB0BB0F3" box="[1039,1161,1981,2008]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.05" metricValueMax="2.1" metricValueMin="2.0" pageId="36" pageNumber="187" unit="mm" value="20.5" valueMax="21.0" valueMin="20.0">20–21 mm</quantity>
, body length
<quantity id="4CAC9B141428F15EEF24DDFCFA1BB0F3" box="[1310,1433,1981,2008]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.05" metricValueMax="2.1" metricValueMin="2.0" pageId="36" pageNumber="187" unit="mm" value="20.5" valueMax="21.0" valueMin="20.0">20–21 mm</quantity>
. Head, vertex with grey piliform and lamellar scales, frons with pale grey scales, lower part with white scales, labial palpi porrect, not reaching frons, pale brown above white beneath, haustellum well developed, antenna (mostly denuded in available specimens) black annulated with pale grey scales, distal flagellar annuli white beneath, club black above, white proximally beneath, nudum 10 brown on anterior half of club, apiculus, with scales, long narrow. Thorax above grey, of mixed piliform and broad lamellar scales, laterally with orange-red scales just behind head, beneath white, legs yellow brown above, white beneath, epiphysis clothed in short spines, stout, pointed at tip, not reaching end of foretibia. Abdomen brown above, T2 and T3 with numerous long brown scales, laterally grey, beneath white.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BEB36F11429F15FEAFDDBF7FEFFB43E" blockId="37.[151,1437,150,2013]" pageId="37" pageNumber="188">Forewing costa slightly arched at base, apex rounded, termen rounded, inner margin almost straight. Upperside uniformly chocolate brown with white markings; a very narrow, broken, orange-red subcostal streak from base to nearly half costa, a sharply defined, narrow white bar from about half costa, straight, angled outwards, through end of cell, extending from R2 to just below CuA2, a narrow white subapical band interrupted by veins, extending from R3 to M3, sometimes straight and sometimes curved outwards. Cilia chocolate brown. Underside black with orange and yellow markings; costa narrowly grey, basal quarter of wing heavily suffused with yellow scales becoming more orange distally, a median band from costa to CuP straight, yellow margined with orange, a broad subapical band yellow, orange around margins, from R2 to M3, a submarginal broad band, yellow-orange crossed by grey veins, from near costa to inner margin merging with subapical and median bands posteriorly and a narrow terminal grey line. Cilia grey.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BEB36F11429F15FEAFDD95FFACEB3C2" blockId="37.[151,1437,150,2013]" pageId="37" pageNumber="188">Hindwing termen evenly rounded, tornus rounded. Upperside black with pale orange and orange-yellow markings. Subbasal area heavily suffused orange, yellow-orange spot at end of cell which extends from Rs to CuA1, median band yellow-orange, spots between M1 and M3 confluent, disjointed with those from M3 to nearly 1A+2A, which are together convex along their proximal margin, a suffusion of orange running from median band along both sides of CuA2 towards base, a submarginal band of orange spots well developed, extending from M1 to between CuA2 and 1A+2A, sometimes merging with median band, increasing in size posteriorly, posterior third of wing basally and all tornal area distally chocolate brown, without tornal spot. Cilia chocolate brown, orange near apex. Underside black with yellow to yellow-orange spots; basal half of wing heavily suffused with yellow scales, a yellow spot at distal end of cell extending from Rs to CuA1, merging with the basal yellow suffusion but defined by patches of orange scales and merging with the anal orange suffusion, a median band of yellow to yellow-orange spots from Rs to 1A+2A, all confluent but strongly disjointed at M3, a submarginal band of large yellow-orange spots from Rs to 1A+2A, narrowly interrupted by veins, becoming larger towards tornus, a narrow terminal line grey, anal and tornal areas extending from CuA1 to inner margin yellow, without tornal spot. Cilia grey, orange near apex.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BEB36F11429F15FEAFDDEB3FE7AB27F" blockId="37.[151,1437,150,2013]" pageId="37" pageNumber="188">
<emphasis id="B920EAE31429F15FEAFDDEB3FE9CB227" bold="true" box="[199,286,1266,1292]" pageId="37" pageNumber="188">Female</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="136F2A741429F15FEB14DEB3FE30B226" box="[302,434,1266,1293]" captionStart="FIGURES 82–89" captionStartId="38.[151,264,1942,1966]" captionTargetBox="[208,1385,215,1905]" captionTargetId="figure-23@38.[189,1398,181,1919]" captionTargetPageId="38" captionText="FIGURES 82–89. Synemon species adults. Upperside (left), underside (right). 82–85. Synemon victoriae sp. n., paratypes, Goldfields, Ƌ (82, 83), ♀ (84, 85) (WAM). 86–89. Synemon directa, Walpole, Ƌ (86, 87), ♀ (88, 89) (ANIC)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4322436" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4322436/files/figure.png" pageId="37" pageNumber="188">Figs 84, 85</figureCitation>
). Similar to male, but somewhat larger with an alar expanse of about
<quantity id="4CAC9B141429F15FEEF0DEB3FA9EB226" box="[1226,1308,1266,1293]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.8" pageId="37" pageNumber="188" unit="mm" value="48.0">48 mm</quantity>
, with more extensive orange marks in the hindwings, which are infused with yellow; in particular the terminal row of orange spots is much better developed.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BEB36F11429F15FEAFDDF1FFE7BB17B" blockId="37.[151,1437,150,2013]" pageId="37" pageNumber="188">
<emphasis id="B920EAE31429F15FEAFDDF1FFEF0B253" bold="true" box="[199,370,1374,1400]" pageId="37" pageNumber="188">Male genitalia</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="136F2A741429F15FEBB8DF1FFE55B253" box="[386,471,1374,1400]" captionStart="FIGURES 90, 91" captionStartId="39.[151,264,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[216,1354,198,1908]" captionTargetId="figure-19@39.[216,1371,181,1919]" captionTargetPageId="39" captionText="FIGURES 90, 91. Synemon species, male genitalia. a. Valva. b. Lateral view, right valva removed. c. Phallus. 90. Synemon victoriae sp. n., paratypes (genitalia slides 16579, 16580) (ANIC). 91. Synemon directa (genitalia slides 11807, 11851) (ANIC)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4322438" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4322438/files/figure.png" pageId="37" pageNumber="188">Fig. 90</figureCitation>
). Uncus broad at base long, pointed, with long setae; gnathos arms much shorter than uncus, downturned, rounded; anal tube lightly sclerotized; tegumen merging gradually with uncus, broad anteriorly, tapering to narrow posteriorly, gently curved in side view; vinculum broad; saccus with bifurcated arms greatly enlarged and extending anteriorly about as far as length of valva; juxta small, curved anteriorly; valva relatively short, tip with an upturned tooth, sacculus not clearly defined, costa with stout setae distally; phallus moderately long and thin, of fairly even diameter, markedly curved with phallobase enlarged and recurved; ductus ejaculatorius longer than phallus, with several coils.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BEB36F11429F15FEAFDDC1BFDBDB15F" blockId="37.[151,1437,150,2013]" box="[199,575,1626,1653]" pageId="37" pageNumber="188">
<emphasis id="B920EAE31429F15FEAFDDC1BFE11B15F" bold="true" box="[199,403,1626,1652]" pageId="37" pageNumber="188">Female genitalia.</emphasis>
Not examined.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BEB36F11429F15FEAFDDC3FFD8DB197" blockId="37.[151,1437,150,2013]" pageId="37" pageNumber="188">
<emphasis id="B920EAE31429F15FEAFDDC3FFEBDB1B3" bold="true" box="[199,319,1662,1688]" pageId="37" pageNumber="188">Variation.</emphasis>
There are small differences in size. The subapical white band on the upperside forewing may be almost straight or may be curved.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C34E657A1429F15FEAFDDC87FAC2B0F7" pageId="37" pageNumber="188" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="8BEB36F11429F15FEAFDDC87FAC2B0F7" blockId="37.[151,1437,150,2013]" pageId="37" pageNumber="188">
<emphasis id="B920EAE31429F15FEAFDDC87FEC2B1CB" bold="true" box="[199,320,1734,1760]" pageId="37" pageNumber="188">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C544D721429F15FEB7CDC86FE41B1CB" authority="Kallies &amp; Edwards &amp; Williams, 2020" authorityName="Kallies &amp; Edwards &amp; Williams" authorityYear="2020" box="[326,451,1735,1761]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Synemon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="37" pageNumber="188" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="victoriae" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B920EAE31429F15FEB7CDC86FE41B1CB" box="[326,451,1735,1761]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="188">S. victoriae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B920EAE31429F15FEBF2DC87FD84B1CB" bold="true" box="[456,518,1734,1760]" pageId="37" pageNumber="188">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A21357981429F15FEBF2DC87FD84B1CB" box="[456,518,1734,1760]" pageId="37" pageNumber="188" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
is similar to
<taxonomicName id="4C544D721429F15FE8ABDC86FC3FB1CB" authority="Westwood, 1877" authorityName="Westwood" authorityYear="1877" box="[657,957,1734,1761]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Synemon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="37" pageNumber="188" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="directa">
<emphasis id="B920EAE31429F15FE8ABDC86FD7BB1CB" box="[657,761,1734,1761]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="188">S. directa</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFC54B001429F15FE93EDC87FC3FB1CB" author="Westwood, J. O." box="[772,957,1734,1760]" pageId="37" pageNumber="188" pagination="155 - 207" refId="ref34699" refString="Westwood, J. O. (1877) A Monograph of the Lepidopterous Genus Castnia and some Allied Groups. Transactions of the Linnean Society of London, Zoology, 1, 155 - 207, pls. 28 - 33. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1096 - 3642.1877. tb 00437. x" type="journal article" year="1877">Westwood, 1877</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation id="136F2A741429F15FE9FEDC87FBC0B1CA" box="[964,1090,1734,1761]" captionStart="FIGURES 82–89" captionStartId="38.[151,264,1942,1966]" captionTargetBox="[208,1385,215,1905]" captionTargetId="figure-23@38.[189,1398,181,1919]" captionTargetPageId="38" captionText="FIGURES 82–89. Synemon species adults. Upperside (left), underside (right). 82–85. Synemon victoriae sp. n., paratypes, Goldfields, Ƌ (82, 83), ♀ (84, 85) (WAM). 86–89. Synemon directa, Walpole, Ƌ (86, 87), ♀ (88, 89) (ANIC)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4322436" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4322436/files/figure.png" pageId="37" pageNumber="188">Figs 86–89</figureCitation>
) but has larger, more extensive, more yellow and more suffused yellow-orange markings on the hindwing. The base of the forewing is less arched and the median white band on the forewing upperside is at a different angle. This white median band in
<taxonomicName id="4C544D721429F15FEED9DD4EFACEB003" authorityName="Westwood" authorityYear="1877" box="[1251,1356,1806,1833]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Synemon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="37" pageNumber="188" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="directa">
<emphasis id="B920EAE31429F15FEED9DD4EFACEB003" box="[1251,1356,1806,1833]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="188">S. directa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
almost reaches the inner margin, short of the tornus while the white band in
<taxonomicName id="4C544D721429F15FE9B8DD72FB82B067" authority="Kallies &amp; Edwards &amp; Williams, 2020" authorityName="Kallies &amp; Edwards &amp; Williams" authorityYear="2020" box="[898,1024,1843,1869]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Synemon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="37" pageNumber="188" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="victoriae" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B920EAE31429F15FE9B8DD72FB82B067" box="[898,1024,1843,1869]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="188">S. victoriae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B920EAE31429F15FEE3FDD73FBC1B067" bold="true" box="[1029,1091,1842,1868]" pageId="37" pageNumber="188">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A21357981429F15FEE3FDD73FBC1B067" box="[1029,1091,1842,1868]" pageId="37" pageNumber="188" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
ends before CuP and a notional line drawn along its length would cross the termen, not the inner margin, above the tornus. Both species also differ in the male genitalia. The valva of
<taxonomicName id="4C544D721429F15FE823DD3AFD15B0BF" authority="Kallies &amp; Edwards &amp; Williams, 2020" authorityName="Kallies &amp; Edwards &amp; Williams" authorityYear="2020" box="[537,663,1915,1941]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Synemon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="37" pageNumber="188" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="victoriae" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B920EAE31429F15FE823DD3AFD15B0BF" box="[537,663,1915,1941]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="188">S. victoriae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B920EAE31429F15FE8A4DD3BFD5FB0BF" bold="true" box="[670,733,1914,1940]" pageId="37" pageNumber="188">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A21357981429F15FE8A4DD3BFD5FB0BF" box="[670,733,1914,1940]" pageId="37" pageNumber="188" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
is much shorter, has a less pronounced hump at the dorsal edge and the apical tooth is better developed than in
<taxonomicName id="4C544D721429F15FE898DDDEFC8EB093" authorityName="Westwood" authorityYear="1877" box="[674,780,1950,1977]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Synemon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="37" pageNumber="188" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="directa">
<emphasis id="B920EAE31429F15FE898DDDEFC8EB093" box="[674,780,1950,1977]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="188">S. directa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation id="136F2A741429F15FE920DDDFFC18B093" box="[794,922,1950,1976]" captionStart="FIGURES 90, 91" captionStartId="39.[151,264,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[216,1354,198,1908]" captionTargetId="figure-19@39.[216,1371,181,1919]" captionTargetPageId="39" captionText="FIGURES 90, 91. Synemon species, male genitalia. a. Valva. b. Lateral view, right valva removed. c. Phallus. 90. Synemon victoriae sp. n., paratypes (genitalia slides 16579, 16580) (ANIC). 91. Synemon directa (genitalia slides 11807, 11851) (ANIC)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4322438" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4322438/files/figure.png" pageId="37" pageNumber="188">Figs 90, 91</figureCitation>
). Furthermore,
<taxonomicName id="4C544D721429F15FEE7CDDDEFB47B093" authority="Kallies &amp; Edwards &amp; Williams, 2020" authorityName="Kallies &amp; Edwards &amp; Williams" authorityYear="2020" box="[1094,1221,1951,1977]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Synemon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="37" pageNumber="188" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="victoriae" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B920EAE31429F15FEE7CDDDEFB47B093" box="[1094,1221,1951,1977]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="188">S. victoriae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B920EAE31429F15FEEF1DDDFFA88B093" bold="true" box="[1227,1290,1950,1976]" pageId="37" pageNumber="188">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A21357981429F15FEEF1DDDFFA88B093" box="[1227,1290,1950,1976]" pageId="37" pageNumber="188" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
has a shorter uncus, phallus and sacculus than
<taxonomicName id="4C544D721429F15FE83DDD82FDF2B0F7" authorityName="Westwood" authorityYear="1877" box="[519,624,1986,2013]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Synemon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="37" pageNumber="188" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="directa">
<emphasis id="B920EAE31429F15FE83DDD82FDF2B0F7" box="[519,624,1986,2013]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="188">S. directa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Finally, the gnathos arms are shaped differently in both species.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="DF2B6679142AF15CEAADDDD7FB6CB0F8" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4322436" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4322436" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4322436/files/figure.png" pageId="38" pageNumber="189" startId="38.[151,264,1942,1966]" targetBox="[208,1385,215,1905]" targetPageId="38">
<paragraph id="8BEB36F1142AF15CEAADDDD7FB6CB0F8" blockId="38.[151,1437,1942,2003]" pageId="38" pageNumber="189">
<emphasis id="B920EAE3142AF15CEAADDDD7FED5B084" bold="true" box="[151,343,1942,1967]" pageId="38" pageNumber="189">FIGURES 82–89.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C544D72142AF15CEB5ADDD6FE39B085" authorityName="Doubleday" authorityYear="1846" box="[352,443,1943,1966]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Synemon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="38" pageNumber="189" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B920EAE3142AF15CEB5ADDD6FE39B085" box="[352,443,1943,1966]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="189">Synemon</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species adults. Upperside (left), underside (right). 82–85.
<taxonomicName id="4C544D72142AF15CEE1BDDD6FB62B085" authority="Kallies &amp; Edwards &amp; Williams, 2020" authorityName="Kallies &amp; Edwards &amp; Williams" authorityYear="2020" box="[1057,1248,1943,1966]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Synemon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="38" pageNumber="189" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="victoriae" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B920EAE3142AF15CEE1BDDD6FB62B085" box="[1057,1248,1943,1966]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="189">Synemon victoriae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B920EAE3142AF15CEED3DDD6FAA7B084" bold="true" box="[1257,1317,1943,1967]" pageId="38" pageNumber="189">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2135798142AF15CEED3DDD6FAA7B084" box="[1257,1317,1943,1967]" pageId="38" pageNumber="189" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
, paratypes, Goldfields, Ƌ (82, 83), ♀ (84, 85) (WAM). 86–89.
<taxonomicName id="4C544D72142AF15CE8A6DDFAFC47B0F9" authority=", Walpole, D" authorityName="Walpole, D" box="[668,965,1979,2003]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Synemon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="38" pageNumber="189" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="directa">
<emphasis id="B920EAE3142AF15CE8A6DDFAFCC7B0F8" box="[668,837,1979,2003]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="189">Synemon directa</emphasis>
, Walpole, Ƌ
</taxonomicName>
(86, 87), ♀ (88, 89) (ANIC).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF2B6679142BF15DEAADDDD6FA0EB0FF" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4322438" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4322438" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4322438/files/figure.png" pageId="39" pageNumber="190" startId="39.[151,264,1943,1967]" targetBox="[216,1354,198,1908]" targetPageId="39">
<paragraph id="8BEB36F1142BF15DEAADDDD6FA0EB0FF" blockId="39.[151,1436,1943,2004]" pageId="39" pageNumber="190">
<emphasis id="B920EAE3142BF15DEAADDDD6FED1B084" bold="true" box="[151,339,1943,1967]" pageId="39" pageNumber="190">FIGURES 90, 91.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C544D72142BF15DEB63DDD9FE36B084" authorityName="Doubleday" authorityYear="1846" box="[345,436,1944,1967]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Synemon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="39" pageNumber="190" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B920EAE3142BF15DEB63DDD9FE36B084" box="[345,436,1944,1967]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="190">Synemon</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species, male genitalia. a. Valva. b. Lateral view, right valva removed. c. Phallus. 90.
<taxonomicName id="4C544D72142BF15DEF2FDDD9FF56B0F8" authority="Kallies &amp; Edwards &amp; Williams, 2020" authorityName="Kallies &amp; Edwards &amp; Williams" authorityYear="2020" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Synemon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="39" pageNumber="190" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="victoriae" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B920EAE3142BF15DEF2FDDD9FF56B0F8" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="190">Synemon victoriae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B920EAE3142BF15DEAE0DDFDFE91B0FF" bold="true" box="[218,275,1980,2004]" pageId="39" pageNumber="190">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2135798142BF15DEAE0DDFDFE91B0FF" box="[218,275,1980,2004]" pageId="39" pageNumber="190" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
, paratypes (genitalia slides 16579, 16580) (ANIC). 91.
<taxonomicName id="4C544D72142BF15DE973DDFDFC70B0FF" box="[841,1010,1980,2004]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Synemon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="39" pageNumber="190" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="directa">
<emphasis id="B920EAE3142BF15DE973DDFDFC70B0FF" box="[841,1010,1980,2004]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="190">Synemon directa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(genitalia slides 11807, 11851) (ANIC).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF2B66791424F152EAADDFEFFE01B125" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4322440" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4322440" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4322440/files/figure.png" pageId="40" pageNumber="191" startId="40.[151,264,1454,1478]" targetBox="[151,1436,181,1430]" targetPageId="40">
<paragraph id="8BEB36F11424F152EAADDFEFFE01B125" blockId="40.[151,1436,1454,1550]" pageId="40" pageNumber="191">
<emphasis id="B920EAE31424F152EAADDFEFFED6B2ED" bold="true" box="[151,340,1454,1478]" pageId="40" pageNumber="191">FIGURES 92–94.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C544D721424F152EB63DFEEFE36B2ED" authorityName="Doubleday" authorityYear="1846" box="[345,436,1455,1478]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Synemon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="40" pageNumber="191" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B920EAE31424F152EB63DFEEFE36B2ED" box="[345,436,1455,1478]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="191">Synemon</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
habitat and biology. 92, 93.
<taxonomicName id="4C544D721424F152E8E8DFEEFC14B2ED" authority="Kallies &amp; Edwards &amp; Williams, 2020" authorityName="Kallies &amp; Edwards &amp; Williams" authorityYear="2020" box="[722,918,1455,1478]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Synemon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="40" pageNumber="191" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cacumina" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B920EAE31424F152E8E8DFEEFC14B2ED" box="[722,918,1455,1478]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="191">Synemon cacumina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B920EAE31424F152E9A6DFEEFC57B2EC" bold="true" box="[924,981,1455,1479]" pageId="40" pageNumber="191">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A21357981424F152E9A6DFEEFC57B2EC" box="[924,981,1455,1479]" pageId="40" pageNumber="191" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
, male, Porongurup (92, image James Peake), habitat at Lookout Hill, Stirling Range (93). 94.
<taxonomicName id="4C544D721424F152E8A0DF92FCDBB2C1" authority="Kallies &amp; Edwards &amp; Williams, 2020" authorityName="Kallies &amp; Edwards &amp; Williams" authorityYear="2020" box="[666,857,1491,1514]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Synemon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="40" pageNumber="191" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="victoriae" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B920EAE31424F152E8A0DF92FCDBB2C1" box="[666,857,1491,1514]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="191">Synemon victoriae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B920EAE31424F152E958DF92FC1CB2C0" bold="true" box="[866,926,1491,1515]" pageId="40" pageNumber="191">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A21357981424F152E958DF92FC1CB2C0" box="[866,926,1491,1515]" pageId="40" pageNumber="191" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
, habitat at Boondi Rock, larval food-plant
<taxonomicName id="4C544D721424F152EF5DDF92FEFFB125" class="Liliopsida" family="Cyperaceae" genus="Lepidosperma" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="40" pageNumber="191" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="drummondii">
<emphasis id="B920EAE31424F152EF5DDF92FEFFB125" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="191">Lepidosperma drummondii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="C34E657A1424F153EAFDDC7DFF7DB6A2" lastPageId="41" lastPageNumber="192" pageId="40" pageNumber="191" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="8BEB36F11424F152EAFDDC7DFC07B1CC" blockId="40.[151,1437,1596,2019]" pageId="40" pageNumber="191">
<emphasis id="B920EAE31424F152EAFDDC7DFEE3B17D" bold="true" box="[199,353,1596,1622]" pageId="40" pageNumber="191">Distribution.</emphasis>
This species is confined to the inland Goldfields and Great Western Woodlands of
<collectingRegion id="4990F8131424F152EF3FDC7CFF56B150" country="Australia" name="Western Australia" pageId="40" pageNumber="191">Western Australia</collectingRegion>
. It was initially recorded only from Queen
<collectingRegion id="4990F8131424F152E8F3DC20FCA1B150" box="[713,803,1633,1659]" country="Australia" name="Victoria" pageId="40" pageNumber="191">Victoria</collectingRegion>
Rock and Burra Rock near Coolgardie. More recently, populations have been located at several new sites, including Boondi Rock and Boorabbin Rock north of the Great Eastern highway, an unnamed rock
<quantity id="4CAC9B141424F152E81CDCE8FDDDB1E8" box="[550,607,1705,1731]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.0" pageId="40" pageNumber="191" unit="km" value="8.0">8 km</quantity>
west-north-west of Caves Hill, a large unnamed rock
<quantity id="4CAC9B141424F152EE81DCE9FB76B1E8" box="[1211,1268,1704,1731]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="40" pageNumber="191" unit="km" value="5.0">5 km</quantity>
south of Burra Rock, and McDermid Rock alongside the Hyden–Norseman Road.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BEB36F11424F153EAFDDCB1FF7DB6A2" blockId="40.[151,1437,1596,2019]" lastBlockId="41.[151,1437,151,466]" lastPageId="41" lastPageNumber="192" pageId="40" pageNumber="191">
<emphasis id="B920EAE31424F152EAFDDCB1FE3BB021" bold="true" box="[199,441,1776,1803]" pageId="40" pageNumber="191">Habitat and Biology</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="136F2A741424F152EBF3DCB0FD9CB020" box="[457,542,1777,1803]" captionStart="FIGURES 92–94" captionStartId="40.[151,264,1454,1478]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1430]" captionTargetId="figure-23@40.[151,1436,181,1430]" captionTargetPageId="40" captionText="FIGURES 92–94. Synemon habitat and biology. 92, 93. Synemon cacumina sp. n., male, Porongurup (92, image James Peake), habitat at Lookout Hill, Stirling Range (93). 94. Synemon victoriae sp. n., habitat at Boondi Rock, larval food-plant Lepidosperma drummondii." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4322440" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4322440/files/figure.png" pageId="40" pageNumber="191">Fig. 94</figureCitation>
). The flight period of this species lasts from mid-February to the end of March, but the emergence times are unpredictable, and may vary considerably from year to year. On
<date id="FFEA10311424F152EE96DD55FAF1B004" box="[1196,1395,1812,1839]" pageId="40" pageNumber="191" value="2015-02-15">15 February 2015</date>
the species was common on a granite rock
<quantity id="4CAC9B141424F152E877DD78FD04B078" box="[589,646,1849,1875]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.0" pageId="40" pageNumber="191" unit="km" value="8.0">8 km</quantity>
west-north-west of Caves Hill. On the same day the following year, in apparently ideal conditions, the sun-moths were absent.
<taxonomicName id="4C544D721424F152E937DD1CFC5CB05D" authority="Kallies &amp; Edwards &amp; Williams, 2020" authorityName="Kallies &amp; Edwards &amp; Williams" authorityYear="2020" box="[781,990,1885,1911]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Synemon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="40" pageNumber="191" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="victoriae" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B920EAE31424F152E937DD1CFC5CB05D" box="[781,990,1885,1911]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="191">Synemon victoriae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B920EAE31424F152E9DEDD1CFBA6B05C" bold="true" box="[996,1060,1885,1911]" pageId="40" pageNumber="191">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A21357981424F152E9DEDD1CFBA6B05C" box="[996,1060,1885,1911]" pageId="40" pageNumber="191" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
is found in the vicinity of granite outcrops, which project from the surrounding sandplain and mallee vegetation. Males may be seen flying over the rocks or alongside belts of sedges in search of freshly emerged females. The rainfall run off from the rock enriches a strip of ground around the rock’s base. The larval food plant is a large tall shiny-leafed sedge,
<taxonomicName id="4C544D721424F153EEC6DD88FEF1B79A" authority="Benth." authorityName="Benth." class="Liliopsida" family="Cyperaceae" genus="Lepidosperma" kingdom="Plantae" lastPageId="41" lastPageNumber="192" order="Poales" pageId="40" pageNumber="191" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="drummondii">
<emphasis id="B920EAE31424F153EEC6DD88FEA2B79A" italics="true" lastPageId="41" lastPageNumber="192" pageId="40" pageNumber="191">Lepidosperma drummondii</emphasis>
Benth.
</taxonomicName>
, that grows at the base of the rocks, or along natural channels in the rock where soil has accumulated and a seasonal water run-off is available. Mature larvae have been found in tunnels inside the leaf bases, and pupae within vertical tubular shelters at the base of the leaves. The hostplant occurs together with
<taxonomicName id="4C544D721425F153EECCDA9EFD8EB636" authority="Schauer" authorityName="Schauer" authorityYear="1844" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Leptospermum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" order="Myrtales" pageId="41" pageNumber="192" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="erubescens">
<emphasis id="B920EAE31425F153EECCDA9EFE91B636" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="192">Leptospermum erubescens</emphasis>
Schauer (Myrtaceae)
</taxonomicName>
(teatree),
<taxonomicName id="4C544D721425F153E8BFDB42FB09B635" authority="C. R. P. Andrews" authorityName="C. R. P. Andrews" box="[645,1163,259,286]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Acacia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="41" pageNumber="192" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="lasiocalyx">
<emphasis id="B920EAE31425F153E8BFDB42FCCDB636" box="[645,847,259,285]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="192">Acacia lasiocalyx</emphasis>
C.R.P.Andrews (Fabaceae)
</taxonomicName>
(wattle),
<taxonomicName id="4C544D721425F153EEC4DB42FD96B66A" authority="(Miq.) L. A. S. Johnson" authorityName="L. A. S. Johnson" authorityYear="1982" baseAuthorityName="Miq." class="Magnoliopsida" family="Casuarinaceae" genus="Allocasuarina" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="41" pageNumber="192" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="huegeliana">
<emphasis id="B920EAE31425F153EEC4DB42FE91B66A" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="192">Allocasuarina huegeliana</emphasis>
(Miq.) L.A.S.Johnson
</taxonomicName>
(sheoak) and the large grass,
<taxonomicName id="4C544D721425F153E956DB66FF54B64E" authority="(Steud.) C. E. Hubb." authorityName="C. E. Hubb." baseAuthorityName="Steud." class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Spartochloa" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="41" pageNumber="192" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="scirpoidea">
<emphasis id="B920EAE31425F153E956DB66FBF6B66A" box="[876,1140,295,321]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="192">Spartochloa scirpoidea</emphasis>
(Steud.) C.E.Hubb. (Poaceae)
</taxonomicName>
. These granite domes are usually widely separated and the runoff vegetation is isolated from that of other rock outcrops.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C34E657A1425F153EAFDDBD2FEAAB6F9" pageId="41" pageNumber="192" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8BEB36F11425F153EAFDDBD2FEAAB6F9" blockId="41.[151,1437,151,466]" pageId="41" pageNumber="192">
<emphasis id="B920EAE31425F153EAFDDBD2FEB9B686" bold="true" box="[199,315,403,429]" pageId="41" pageNumber="192">Remarks.</emphasis>
This species was referred to as
<taxonomicName id="4C544D721425F153E89ADBD2FC87B686" authorityName="Doubleday" authorityYear="1846" box="[672,773,403,429]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Synemon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="41" pageNumber="192" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B920EAE31425F153E89ADBD2FC87B686" box="[672,773,403,429]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="192">Synemon</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. ‘
<collectingRegion id="4990F8131425F153E902DBD2FC15B686" box="[824,919,403,429]" country="Australia" name="Victoria" pageId="41" pageNumber="192">Victoria</collectingRegion>
Rock’, the Goldfields Sun-moth, by Williams
<emphasis id="B920EAE31425F153EAADDBF6FF4AB6FA" box="[151,200,439,465]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="192">et al</emphasis>
. (2016).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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