treatments-xml/data/03/DE/87/03DE87C1FF88F9066B99FB0B1B4BA7E1.xml

<document id="929807E07271EDEB7190C25782A7E45B" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.3655.1.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="a6990774-66c7-4586-b14e-354b42d0857b" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="223358" ID-ZooBank="FC302AA5-49CC-41B0-9A66-23C11AB4EBAE" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1460612493272" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Gardini, Giulio" docDate="2013" docId="03DE87C1FF88F9066B99FB0B1B4BA7E1" docLanguage="en" docName="zt03655p151.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 3655 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3.14:Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleId="5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleVersion="14" docTitle="Chthonius" docType="treatment" docVersion="8" lastPageNumber="102" masterDocId="FFE7FFB9FFEBF9636B0EFF8C1851A078" masterDocTitle="A revision of the species of the pseudoscorpion subgenus Chthonius (Ephippiochthonius) (Arachnida, Pseudoscorpiones, Chthoniidae) from Italy and neighbouring areas" masterLastPageNumber="151" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="100" updateTime="1698329375031" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:title id="ADE04BAE4286C49FE62B34718FFAE6F4">A revision of the species of the pseudoscorpion subgenus Chthonius (Ephippiochthonius) (Arachnida, Pseudoscorpiones, Chthoniidae) from Italy and neighbouring areas</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="F14E0A957F78E6676ABBA169AF829393">Gardini, Giulio</mods:namePart>
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<mods:date id="936AE8984E3EFC1FA7277B0D8349C6DF">2013</mods:date>
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<treatment id="03DE87C1FF88F9066B99FB0B1B4BA7E1" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6155987" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119568624" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6155987" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03DE87C1FF88F9066B99FB0B1B4BA7E1" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03DE87C1FF88F9066B99FB0B1B4BA7E1" lastPageId="101" lastPageNumber="102" pageId="99" pageNumber="100">
<subSubSection id="C36D655CFF88F9006B99FB0B1AEFA570" pageId="99" pageNumber="100" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BC836D7FF88F9006B99FB0B1A37A4D9" blockId="99.[151,614,1159,1218]" box="[151,614,1159,1185]" pageId="99" pageNumber="100">
<heading id="D08081BBFF88F9006B99FB0B1A37A4D9" bold="true" box="[151,614,1159,1185]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="99" pageNumber="100" reason="1">
<emphasis id="B903EAC5FF88F9006B99FB0B1A37A4D9" bold="true" box="[151,614,1159,1185]" pageId="99" pageNumber="100">
<emphasis id="B903EAC5FF88F9006B99FB0B191DA4D9" bold="true" box="[151,332,1159,1185]" italics="true" pageId="99" pageNumber="100">
<taxonomicName id="4C774D54FF88F9006B99FB0B1947A4D9" ID-CoL="62LNY" box="[151,278,1159,1185]" class="Arachnida" family="Chthoniidae" genus="Chthonius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pseudoscorpiones" pageId="99" pageNumber="100" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Chthonius</taxonomicName>
(E.)
</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C774D54FF88F9006A5DFB0B1A37A4D9" authority="Gardini, 2008" authorityName="Gardini" authorityYear="2008" box="[339,614,1159,1185]" class="Arachnida" family="Chthoniidae" genus="Chthonius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pseudoscorpiones" pageId="99" pageNumber="100" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sardous">
<emphasis id="B903EAC5FF88F9006A5DFB0B19E0A4D9" bold="true" box="[339,433,1159,1185]" italics="true" pageId="99" pageNumber="100">sardous</emphasis>
Gardini, 2008
</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC836D7FF88F9006B99FB26192AA4BA" blockId="99.[151,614,1159,1218]" box="[151,379,1194,1218]" pageId="99" pageNumber="100">
(
<figureCitation id="134C2A52FF88F9006B91FB26196DA4BA" box="[159,316,1194,1218]" captionStart="FIGURES 191 – 195" captionStartId="100.[151,264,1915,1938]" captionTargetBox="[206,1378,190,1914]" captionTargetId="figure@100.[195,1394,161,1919]" captionTargetPageId="100" captionText="FIGURES 191 – 195. Chthonius (E.) sardous Gardini, 2008. 191, male holotype, anterior margin and anterolateral portion of carapace; 192, id., right chelicera; 193, female paratype (Sardinia, Iglesias, Grotta del Cancello), fingers of left chelicera; 194, male holotype, left chela, lateral view; 195, female paratype (Sardinia, Domusnovas, Grotta Rolfo), distal portion of left chelal fingers, lateral view (redrawn after Gardini 2008)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/223402/files/figure.png" pageId="99" pageNumber="100">Figs 191–195</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="134C2A52FF88F9006A49FB261923A4BA" box="[327,370,1194,1218]" captionStart="FIGURES 282 – 285" captionStartId="144.[151,264,1817,1840]" captionTargetBox="[152,1435,193,1796]" captionTargetId="figure@144.[152,1436,193,1796]" captionTargetPageId="144" captionText="FIGURES 282 – 285. Distribution maps for the Italian species of the Chthonius tetrachelatus group. 282, Chthonius (E.) tetrachelatus (Preyssler, 1790); 283, Chthonius (E.) siculus Beier, 1961 and C. (E.) vachoni Heurtault-Rossi, 1963; 284, Chthonius (E.) concii Beier, 1953 and C. (E.) lucanus Callaini, 1984; 285, Chthonius (E.) altamurae n. sp., C. (E.) apulicus Beier, 1958, C. (E.) elymus n. sp., C. (E.) grafittii Gardini, 1981, C. (E.) messapicus n. sp., C. (E.) poseidonis Gardini, 1993 and C. (E.) sardous Gardini, 2008." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/223422/files/figure.png" pageId="99" pageNumber="100">285</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC836D7FF88F9006B99FB7E1AEFA570" blockId="99.[151,702,1266,1288]" box="[151,702,1266,1288]" pageId="99" pageNumber="100">
<emphasis id="B903EAC5FF88F9006B99FB7E197DA570" box="[151,300,1266,1288]" italics="true" pageId="99" pageNumber="100">
<taxonomicName id="4C774D54FF88F9006B99FB7E18AEA570" box="[151,255,1266,1288]" class="Arachnida" family="Chthoniidae" genus="Chthonius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pseudoscorpiones" pageId="99" pageNumber="100" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Chthonius</taxonomicName>
(E.)
</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C774D54FF88F9006A3CFB7E1A10A570" authority="Gardini 2008a: 11" authorityName="Gardini" authorityPageNumber="11" authorityYear="2008" box="[306,577,1266,1288]" class="Arachnida" family="Chthoniidae" genus="Chthonius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pseudoscorpiones" pageId="99" pageNumber="100" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sardous">
<emphasis id="B903EAC5FF88F9006A3CFB7E19D0A570" box="[306,385,1266,1288]" italics="true" pageId="99" pageNumber="100">sardous</emphasis>
Gardini 2008a: 11
</taxonomicName>
, figs 22–27.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C36D655CFF88F9006B99FAB91D22A535" box="[151,1395,1332,1358]" pageId="99" pageNumber="100" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8BC836D7FF88F9006B99FAB91D22A535" blockId="99.[151,1436,1332,1969]" box="[151,1395,1332,1358]" pageId="99" pageNumber="100">
<emphasis id="B903EAC5FF88F9006B99FAB91968A536" bold="true" box="[151,313,1333,1358]" pageId="99" pageNumber="100">
<typeStatus id="54CC8875FF88F9006B99FAB91883A535" box="[151,210,1333,1357]" pageId="99" pageNumber="100">Type</typeStatus>
locality:
</emphasis>
<collectingCountry id="F3607647FF88F9006A4EFAB91924A535" box="[320,373,1333,1357]" name="Italy" pageId="99" pageNumber="100">Italy</collectingCountry>
, Sardinia, Cagliari Prov., Domusnovas, Grotta Rolfo 1301 Sa/CA (39°20ʹ53ʺN 8°37ʹ11ʺE).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C36D655CFF88F9006BC9FAD51A5FA509" box="[199,526,1369,1394]" pageId="99" pageNumber="100" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="8BC836D7FF88F9006BC9FAD51A5FA509" blockId="99.[151,1436,1332,1969]" box="[199,526,1369,1394]" pageId="99" pageNumber="100">
<emphasis id="B903EAC5FF88F9006BC9FAD51931A50A" bold="true" box="[199,352,1369,1394]" pageId="99" pageNumber="100">Distribution.</emphasis>
<collectingCountry id="F3607647FF88F9006A69FAD519CEA509" box="[359,415,1369,1393]" name="Italy" pageId="99" pageNumber="100">Italy</collectingCountry>
: Sardinia.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C36D655CFF88F9006BC9FAF11CF2A615" pageId="99" pageNumber="100" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="8BC836D7FF88F9006BC9FAF11CF2A615" blockId="99.[151,1436,1332,1969]" pageId="99" pageNumber="100">
<emphasis id="B903EAC5FF88F9006BC9FAF1191DA5EE" bold="true" box="[199,332,1405,1430]" pageId="99" pageNumber="100">Diagnosis (</emphasis>
Ƥ
<emphasis id="B903EAC5FF88F9006A78FAF119D7A5EE" bold="true" box="[374,390,1405,1430]" pageId="99" pageNumber="100">).</emphasis>
An anophthalmic hypogean 
<taxonomicName id="4C774D54FF88F90069DFFAF11C62A5ED" authority="(Ephippiochthonius)" baseAuthorityName="Ephippiochthonius" box="[721,1075,1405,1429]" class="Arachnida" family="Chthoniidae" genus="Chthonius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pseudoscorpiones" pageId="99" pageNumber="100" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B903EAC5FF88F90069DFFAF11C62A5ED" box="[721,1075,1405,1429]" italics="true" pageId="99" pageNumber="100">Chthonius (Ephippiochthonius)</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from Sardinia that differs from other species of the 
<taxonomicName id="4C774D54FF88F9006A73FA2E1A63A5C1" box="[381,562,1441,1465]" class="Arachnida" family="Chthoniidae" genus="Chthonius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pseudoscorpiones" pageId="99" pageNumber="100" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tetrachelatus">
<emphasis id="B903EAC5FF88F9006A73FA2E1A63A5C1" box="[381,562,1441,1465]" italics="true" pageId="99" pageNumber="100">C. tetrachelatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
group in the following combination of characters: movable cheliceral finger without isolated subapical tooth (
<emphasis id="B903EAC5FF88F900692BFA491A6AA5A5" box="[549,571,1477,1501]" italics="true" pageId="99" pageNumber="100">di</emphasis>
) and with spinneret in both sexes; posterior margin of carapace with 2 macrosetae; fixed and movable chelal finger respectively with 33–36 and 16–18 triangular teeth; fixed chelal finger at level of 
<emphasis id="B903EAC5FF88F9006A1DF982191AA65D" box="[275,331,1550,1573]" italics="true" pageId="99" pageNumber="100">est-it</emphasis>
with 4 teeth occupying 
<quantity id="4C8F9B32FF88F900696CF9811AEBA65D" box="[610,698,1549,1573]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="99" pageNumber="100" unit="mm" value="0.1">0.1 mm</quantity>
(distance between successive apices 
<quantity id="4C8F9B32FF88F9006F6BF9811C8DA65D" box="[1125,1244,1549,1573]" metricMagnitude="-5" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.8" pageId="99" pageNumber="100" unit="mm" value="0.028">0.028 mm</quantity>
); length of chela 1.77–1.83 (3), 1.68–1.77 (Ƥ) mm, length of movable chelal finger 1.07–1.14 (3), 1.02–1.07 (Ƥ) mm; chela 7.6– 7.9 (3), 7.3–7.4 (Ƥ) times as long as deep; ratio of pedipalpal femur/carapace 1.9–2.0 (3Ƥ).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C36D655CFF88F9006BC9F9F61C7FA7C9" pageId="99" pageNumber="100" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8BC836D7FF88F9006BC9F9F6196AA711" blockId="99.[151,1436,1332,1969]" pageId="99" pageNumber="100">
<emphasis id="B903EAC5FF88F9006BC9F9F619A5A6EA" bold="true" box="[199,500,1657,1682]" pageId="99" pageNumber="100">
<typeStatus id="54CC8875FF88F9006BC9F9F61953A6EA" box="[199,258,1658,1682]" pageId="99" pageNumber="100">Type</typeStatus>
material examined.
</emphasis>
ITALY— 
<emphasis id="B903EAC5FF88F9006966F9F51BC4A6E9" box="[616,917,1657,1681]" italics="true" pageId="99" pageNumber="100">Sardinia: Cagliari Prov.—</emphasis>
1 3 (
<typeStatus id="54CC8875FF88F90068DDF9F51C68A6E9" box="[979,1081,1657,1681]" pageId="99" pageNumber="100" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
) 1 Ƥ (
<typeStatus id="54CC8875FF88F9006F89F9F51CBCA6E9" box="[1159,1261,1657,1681]" pageId="99" pageNumber="100" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
), Domusnovas, Su Corovau, Grotta Rolfo 1301 Sa/CA, 
<quantity id="4C8F9B32FF88F9006968F9111AE1A6CD" box="[614,688,1693,1717]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.86" pageId="99" pageNumber="100" unit="m" value="286.0">286 m</quantity>
a.s.l., 
<date id="FFC91017FF88F90069F0F9111B3DA6CD" box="[766,876,1693,1717]" pageId="99" pageNumber="100" value="1995-01-22">22.I.1995</date>
, G. Marini leg., under stones; 1T (
<typeStatus id="54CC8875FF88F9006FF2F9111D33A6CD" box="[1276,1378,1693,1717]" pageId="99" pageNumber="100" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
), id., 
<date id="FFC91017FF88F9006B99F94D1948A6A1" box="[151,281,1729,1753]" pageId="99" pageNumber="100" value="1994-11-21">21.XI.1994</date>
, G. Pani leg., landslip at 
<quantity id="4C8F9B32FF88F900693DF94D1A2AA6A1" box="[563,635,1729,1753]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="99" pageNumber="100" unit="m" value="200.0">200 m</quantity>
from entrance, on rotten wood; 1 3 1T (
<typeStatus id="54CC8875FF88F9006F45F94D1CEDA6A1" box="[1099,1212,1729,1753]" pageId="99" pageNumber="100" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
), id., 
<date id="FFC91017FF88F9006FF2F94D1D2FA6A1" box="[1276,1406,1729,1753]" pageId="99" pageNumber="100" value="1997-09-16">16.IX.1997</date>
, J. De Waele &amp; A. 
<collectingCountry id="F3607647FF88F9006A54F96919C1A685" box="[346,400,1765,1789]" name="Bonaire, Sint Eustatius and Saba" pageId="99" pageNumber="100">Saba</collectingCountry>
leg., in mine tunnel; 1T 2D (
<typeStatus id="54CC8875FF88F90069FCF9691B32A685" box="[754,867,1765,1789]" pageId="99" pageNumber="100" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
), id., 
<date id="FFC91017FF88F90068A7F9691C7AA685" box="[937,1067,1765,1789]" pageId="99" pageNumber="100" value="1997-11-15">15.XI.1997</date>
, G. Marini leg., at 
<quantity id="4C8F9B32FF88F9006E1EF9691D0BA685" box="[1296,1370,1765,1789]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="99" pageNumber="100" unit="m" value="100.0">100 m</quantity>
from entrance; 1 Ƥ (
<typeStatus id="54CC8875FF88F9006A30F88519F5A759" box="[318,420,1801,1825]" pageId="99" pageNumber="100" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
), Iglesias, Corongiu de 
<collectingCountry id="F3607647FF88F90069A3F8851AB7A759" box="[685,742,1801,1825]" name="Serbia" pageId="99" pageNumber="100">Mari</collectingCountry>
, Grotta del Cancello 1423 Sa/CA, 
<quantity id="4C8F9B32FF88F9006F62F8851CE2A759" box="[1132,1203,1801,1825]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.9" pageId="99" pageNumber="100" unit="m" value="190.0">190 m</quantity>
a.s.l., 
<date id="FFC91017FF88F9006FF2F8851D2FA759" box="[1276,1406,1801,1825]" pageId="99" pageNumber="100" value="1996-06-22">22.VI.1996</date>
, J. De Waele leg., on paper in 
<collectingCountry id="F3607647FF88F9006ACBF8A119A9A73D" box="[453,504,1837,1861]" name="Iceland" pageId="99" pageNumber="100">Sala</collectingCountry>
; 1T (
<typeStatus id="54CC8875FF88F900693FF8A11AC6A73D" box="[561,663,1837,1861]" pageId="99" pageNumber="100" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
), id., 
<date id="FFC91017FF88F90069DAF8A11B1CA73D" box="[724,845,1837,1861]" pageId="99" pageNumber="100" value="1996-10-27">27.X.1996</date>
, D. Deidda &amp; R. Spiga leg., on rotten wood at 
<quantity id="4C8F9B32FF88F9006E58F8A11DCDA73D" box="[1366,1436,1837,1861]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="99" pageNumber="100" unit="m" value="100.0">100 m</quantity>
from entrance.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC836D7FF88F9006BC9F8F91C7FA7C9" blockId="99.[151,1436,1332,1969]" pageId="99" pageNumber="100">
<emphasis id="B903EAC5FF88F9006BC9F8F919ADA7F6" bold="true" box="[199,508,1909,1934]" pageId="99" pageNumber="100">Other material examined.</emphasis>
ITALY— 
<emphasis id="B903EAC5FF88F9006960F8F91BC6A7F5" box="[622,919,1909,1933]" italics="true" pageId="99" pageNumber="100">Sardinia: Cagliari Prov.—</emphasis>
1 Ƥ, Domusnovas, Punta Planotzara-S’Ega de is Reburras, Grotta dei Picchi n.c. Sa/CA, 
<date id="FFC91017FF88F900697EF8151AB8A7C9" box="[624,745,1945,1969]" pageId="99" pageNumber="100" value="2006-10-29">29.X.2006</date>
, C. Onnis &amp; S. Papinuto leg.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="DF08665FFF8FF9076B99F8F71AC2A797" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/223402/files/figure.png" pageId="100" pageNumber="101" targetBox="[206,1378,190,1914]" targetPageId="100">
<paragraph id="8BC836D7FF8FF9076B99F8F71AC2A797" blockId="100.[151,1436,1915,2031]" pageId="100" pageNumber="101">
<emphasis id="B903EAC5FF8FF9076B99F8F71939A7E9" bold="true" box="[151,360,1915,1938]" pageId="100" pageNumber="101">FIGURES 191–195</emphasis>
. 
<emphasis id="B903EAC5FF8FF9076A78F8F01A5CA7EA" box="[374,525,1916,1938]" italics="true" pageId="100" pageNumber="101">
<taxonomicName id="4C774D54FF8FF9076A78F8F0198FA7EA" box="[374,478,1916,1938]" class="Arachnida" family="Chthoniidae" genus="Chthonius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pseudoscorpiones" pageId="100" pageNumber="101" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Chthonius</taxonomicName>
(E.)
</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C774D54FF8FF907691BF8F01AAFA7E9" authority="Gardini, 2008" authorityName="Gardini" authorityYear="2008" box="[533,766,1916,1938]" class="Arachnida" family="Chthoniidae" genus="Chthonius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pseudoscorpiones" pageId="100" pageNumber="101" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sardous">
<emphasis id="B903EAC5FF8FF907691BF8F01A35A7EA" box="[533,612,1916,1938]" italics="true" pageId="100" pageNumber="101">sardous</emphasis>
Gardini, 2008
</taxonomicName>
. 191, male holotype, anterior margin and anterolateral portion of carapace; 192, id., right chelicera; 193, female paratype (Sardinia, Iglesias, Grotta del Cancello), fingers of left chelicera; 194, male holotype, left chela, lateral view; 195, female paratype (Sardinia, Domusnovas, Grotta Rolfo), distal portion of left chelal fingers, lateral view (redrawn after Gardini 2008).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="C36D655CFF8EF9066BC9FF1B1B47A69D" pageId="101" pageNumber="102" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BC836D7FF8EF9066BC9FF1B1B58A3B2" blockId="101.[151,1437,151,1945]" pageId="101" pageNumber="102">
<emphasis id="B903EAC5FF8EF9066BC9FF1B1981A0C8" bold="true" box="[199,464,151,176]" pageId="101" pageNumber="102">Description of adults (</emphasis>
Ƥ
<emphasis id="B903EAC5FF8EF9066AF4FF1B1A5BA0C8" bold="true" box="[506,522,151,176]" pageId="101" pageNumber="102">).</emphasis>
Marked troglomorphic facies. Integument depigmented. Weak hispid granulation on lateral surfaces of carapace, on cheliceral palm and on dorsodistal surface of chelal hand. Carapace 1.0–1.1 times longer than broad, posteriorly slightly constricted; anterior margin (fig. 191) with long and sharp denticles between median macrosetae, slightly produced as a weak epistome in both sexes; ocular area as in fig. 191, eyes strongly reduced (anterior ocular structures with reduced tapetum); chaetotaxy mm 
<quantity id="4C8F9B32FF8EF9066F58FEAB1CC9A147" box="[1110,1176,295,319]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="101" pageNumber="102" unit="mm" value="4.0">4mm</quantity>
:6:4:2:2(18), macrosetae fine; length of anteromedian macrosetae 
<quantity id="4C8F9B32FF8EF9066965FEC01A85A11C" box="[619,724,332,356]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.4" pageId="101" pageNumber="102" unit="mm" value="0.14">0.14 mm</quantity>
. Chaetotaxy of tergites 
<date id="FFC91017FF8EF90668EBFEC11C7DA11C" box="[997,1068,332,356]" pageId="101" pageNumber="102">I–X 4</date>
:4:4:4:6:6:6:6:6:4. Chaetotaxy of sternites 
<date id="FFC91017FF8EF9066BF3FEFC192BA1FF" box="[253,378,367,391]" pageId="101" pageNumber="102" value="2010-02-09" valueMax="2010-10-09" valueMin="2010-02-09">II–X 9–10</date>
:(3)8–9(3):(2)8–9(2):9:6–7:6–7:6:6:7; genital opening of males mostly flanked by 8 (rarely 9) setae on each side. Chelicerae (figs 192–193) 2.3–2.4 times as long as broad, palm with 6 (rarely 5) setae and 2 microsetae laterally, dentition as in figs 192–193, movable cheliceral finger without isolated subapical tooth (
<emphasis id="B903EAC5FF8EF9066E57FE341D3FA1A8" box="[1369,1390,440,464]" italics="true" pageId="101" pageNumber="102">di</emphasis>
), 
<emphasis id="B903EAC5FF8EF9066E88FE341DCDA1A8" box="[1414,1436,440,464]" italics="true" pageId="101" pageNumber="102">gl</emphasis>
ratio 0.60–0.62; spinneret of males triangular, small, little prominent, larger in females. Coxal setae: pedipalp 5 (including 2 on manducatory process), 
<date id="FFC91017FF8EF9066952FD8C1A2FA26F" box="[604,638,511,535]" pageId="101" pageNumber="102">I 3</date>
+ 3 marginal microsetae, 
<date id="FFC91017FF8EF90668BEFD8C1B8CA26F" box="[944,989,511,535]" pageId="101" pageNumber="102">II 4</date>
, 
<date id="FFC91017FF8EF90668E2FD8C1C70A26F" box="[1004,1057,511,535]" pageId="101" pageNumber="102">III 5</date>
, 
<date id="FFC91017FF8EF9066F3FFD8C1C39A26F" box="[1073,1128,511,535]" pageId="101" pageNumber="102">IV 6</date>
; coxa II with 10–14 coxal spines, coxa III with 7–12 coxal spines; intercoxal tubercle bisetose. Pedipalp: femur 9.3–9.6 (3), 8.4–9.2 (Ƥ) times as long as broad; chela (figs 194–195) 7.6–7.9 (3), 7.3–7.4 (Ƥ) times as long as deep; hand of chela 2.9–3.1 (3), 2.8–2.9 (Ƥ) times as long as deep, weakly depressed at level of 
<emphasis id="B903EAC5FF8EF90668C8FDE01C57A2FC" box="[966,1030,620,644]" italics="true" pageId="101" pageNumber="102">ib-isb</emphasis>
and with a plane dorsolateral area between 
<emphasis id="B903EAC5FF8EF9066BF5FD1C194DA2D0" box="[251,284,656,680]" italics="true" pageId="101" pageNumber="102">isb</emphasis>
and 
<emphasis id="B903EAC5FF8EF9066A5DFD1C193CA2D0" box="[339,365,656,680]" italics="true" pageId="101" pageNumber="102">eb</emphasis>
; ventrodistal surface of chelal hand with a group of 11–17 gland pores; fixed chelal finger with 33–36 triangular, upright, pointed teeth and, proximally, with 8–10 rounded teeth, all with dental canals, rarely with a small triangular tooth proximad of the modified accessory tooth (
<emphasis id="B903EAC5FF8EF906689CFD541BF9A288" box="[914,936,728,752]" italics="true" pageId="101" pageNumber="102">td</emphasis>
); fixed chelal finger at level of 
<emphasis id="B903EAC5FF8EF9066E1AFD551D1DA288" box="[1300,1356,729,752]" italics="true" pageId="101" pageNumber="102">est-it</emphasis>
with 4 teeth occupying 
<quantity id="4C8F9B32FF8EF9066A5FFD7019F9A36C" box="[337,424,764,788]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="101" pageNumber="102" unit="mm" value="0.1">0.1 mm</quantity>
(distance between successive apices 
<quantity id="4C8F9B32FF8EF9066842FD701B92A36C" box="[844,963,764,788]" metricMagnitude="-5" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.8" pageId="101" pageNumber="102" unit="mm" value="0.028">0.028 mm</quantity>
); distal half of movable chelal finger with 16–18 triangular, upright, pointed teeth and 17–19 rounded teeth in proximal half, all with dental canals; movable chelal finger rarely with a very small subdistal triangular tooth; coupled sensilla 
<emphasis id="B903EAC5FF8EF9066F12FCC41C66A327" box="[1052,1079,840,863]" italics="true" pageId="101" pageNumber="102">pc</emphasis>
distad of 
<emphasis id="B903EAC5FF8EF9066FA8FCCB1CEEA327" box="[1190,1215,839,863]" italics="true" pageId="101" pageNumber="102">sb</emphasis>
, between 3rd and 8th teeth; trichobothria as in fig. 200; basal apodeme of movable chelal finger strongly sclerotized, long, fine and rounded apically; ratio of movable finger/hand of chela 1.5–1.6 (3Ƥ); ratio of pedipalpal femur/movable finger 1.2 (3Ƥ); ratio of pedipalpal femur/carapace 1.9–2.0 (3Ƥ).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC836D7FF8EF9066BC9FC541B4FA407" blockId="101.[151,1437,151,1945]" pageId="101" pageNumber="102">Measurements (in mm). Body length 2.4–2.7 (3Ƥ). Carapace 0.69–0.71 × 0.62–0.66 (0.58–0.63 anteriorly) (3), 0.64–0.69 × 0.62–0.63 (0.59 anteriorly) (Ƥ). Chelicerae 0.61–0.66 × 0.26–0.29 (3), 0.62–0.64 × 0.27 (Ƥ), movable finger length 0.33–0.34 (3), 0.335–0.34 (Ƥ). Pedipalp: femur 1.30–1.35 × 0.14 (3), 1.26–1.29 × 0.14– 0.15 (Ƥ); chela 1.77–1.83 × 0.225–0.24 (3), 1.68–1.77 × 0.23–0.24 (Ƥ); hand length 0.69–0.70 (3), 0.64–0.69 (Ƥ); movable finger length 1.07–1.14 (3), 1.02–1.07 (Ƥ).</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC836D7FF8EF9066BC9FB061A18A601" blockId="101.[151,1437,151,1945]" pageId="101" pageNumber="102">
<emphasis id="B903EAC5FF8EF9066BC9FB061A41A4DB" bold="true" box="[199,528,1162,1187]" pageId="101" pageNumber="102">Description of tritonymph.</emphasis>
Integument depigmented. Carapace 1.0–1.1 times longer than broad, anterior margin denticulate, without epistome; no eyes or eye-spots; chaetotaxy mm(or m) 
<quantity id="4C8F9B32FF8EF9066F8BFB231C90A4BF" box="[1157,1217,1199,1223]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="101" pageNumber="102" unit="mm" value="4.0">4mm</quantity>
(or m):6:4:2:2(18). Chaetotaxy of tergites as in adults. Chaetotaxy of sternites 
<date id="FFC91017FF8EF9066825FB5F1B26A492" box="[811,887,1234,1258]" pageId="101" pageNumber="102">II–X 6</date>
:(2)6–7(2):(1)6(1):7:6–7:6:6:6:6. Chelicerae 2.0– 2.1 times as long as broad, palm with 5 (rarely 4) setae and 1 or 2 microsetae laterally; fixed and movable fingers with about 6 teeth; movable finger without isolated subapical tooth (
<emphasis id="B903EAC5FF8EF906689DFA971BF9A54B" box="[915,936,1307,1331]" italics="true" pageId="101" pageNumber="102">di</emphasis>
); 
<emphasis id="B903EAC5FF8EF90668CFFA971B86A54B" box="[961,983,1307,1331]" italics="true" pageId="101" pageNumber="102">gl</emphasis>
ratio 0.57–0.59; spinneret as in females. Coxal setae: pedipalp 5 (including 2 on manducatory process), 
<date id="FFC91017FF8EF9066856FACC1B27A52F" box="[856,886,1343,1367]" pageId="101" pageNumber="102">I 3</date>
+ 2 marginal microsetae, 
<date id="FFC91017FF8EF9066F97FACC1C93A52F" box="[1177,1218,1343,1367]" pageId="101" pageNumber="102">II 4</date>
, 
<date id="FFC91017FF8EF9066FC0FACC1D50A52F" box="[1230,1281,1343,1367]" pageId="101" pageNumber="102">III 5</date>
, 
<date id="FFC91017FF8EF9066E03FACC1D10A52F" box="[1293,1345,1343,1367]" pageId="101" pageNumber="102">IV 5</date>
; coxa II with 10–12 coxal spines, coxa III with 6–8 coxal spines; intercoxal tubercle bisetose. Pedipalp: femur 7.3–7.6 times as long as broad; chela 6.8–7.0 times as long as deep; hand of chela 2.6–27 times as long as deep, ventral hand surface with 6–10 gland pores; fixed chelal finger with 30–36 triangular, upright, pointed teeth and proximally with 4–6 rounded teeth; fixed chelal finger with 2–3 small triangular tooth proximad of the modified accessory tooth (
<emphasis id="B903EAC5FF8EF9066A59FA7F193CA673" box="[343,365,1523,1547]" italics="true" pageId="101" pageNumber="102">td</emphasis>
); distal half of movable chelal finger with 1–2 distal small teeth followed by 15–16 triangular teeth; proximal half of movable chelal finger with 12–13 apically rounded teeth; coupled sensilla 
<emphasis id="B903EAC5FF8EF9066FEFF9941CADA657" box="[1249,1276,1560,1583]" italics="true" pageId="101" pageNumber="102">pc</emphasis>
distad of 
<emphasis id="B903EAC5FF8EF9066E65F99B1D28A657" box="[1387,1401,1559,1583]" italics="true" pageId="101" pageNumber="102">b</emphasis>
, at level of 10th tooth; ratio of movable finger/hand of chela 1.5–1.6; ratio of pedipalpal femur/movable finger 1.2; ratio of pedipalpal femur/carapace 1.6.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC836D7FF8EF9066BC9F90A1B47A69D" blockId="101.[151,1437,151,1945]" pageId="101" pageNumber="102">Measurements (in mm). Body length 1.95–2.0. Carapace 0.53–0.57 × 0.52 (0.50 anteriorly). Chelicerae 0.48 × 0.23–0.24, movable finger length 0.25–0.26. Pedipalp: femur 0.88–0.92 × 0.12; chela 1.23–1.30 × 0.175–0.19; hand length 0.46–0.51; movable finger length 0.73–0.78.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C36D655CFF8EF9066BC9F97E1B4BA7E1" pageId="101" pageNumber="102" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8BC836D7FF8EF9066BC9F97E1CD9A729" blockId="101.[151,1437,151,1945]" pageId="101" pageNumber="102">
<emphasis id="B903EAC5FF8EF9066BC9F97E196AA772" bold="true" box="[199,315,1778,1802]" pageId="101" pageNumber="102">Remarks.</emphasis>
Among the species of the 
<taxonomicName id="4C774D54FF8EF906697CF97D1BD1A771" box="[626,896,1777,1801]" class="Arachnida" family="Chthoniidae" genus="Chthonius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pseudoscorpiones" pageId="101" pageNumber="102" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tetrachelatus">
<emphasis id="B903EAC5FF8EF906697CF97D1BD1A771" box="[626,896,1777,1801]" italics="true" pageId="101" pageNumber="102">Chthonius tetrachelatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
group, 
<taxonomicName id="4C774D54FF8EF90668D5F97E1C04A771" box="[987,1109,1777,1801]" class="Arachnida" family="Chthoniidae" genus="Chthonius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pseudoscorpiones" pageId="101" pageNumber="102" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sardous">
<emphasis id="B903EAC5FF8EF90668D5F97E1C04A771" box="[987,1109,1777,1801]" italics="true" pageId="101" pageNumber="102">C. sardous</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is presumably related to the epigean 
<taxonomicName id="4C774D54FF8EF9066BFAF89A1932A756" box="[244,355,1814,1838]" class="Arachnida" family="Chthoniidae" genus="Chthonius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pseudoscorpiones" pageId="101" pageNumber="102" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="siculus">
<emphasis id="B903EAC5FF8EF9066BFAF89A1932A756" box="[244,355,1814,1838]" italics="true" pageId="101" pageNumber="102">C. siculus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
because of the serrated dentition of the chelal fingers. They differ clearly by most troglomorphic characters. Comparisons between similar hypogean species were made by Gardini (2008).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC836D7FF8EF9066BC9F8D21B4BA7E1" blockId="101.[151,1437,151,1945]" pageId="101" pageNumber="102">
<taxonomicName id="4C774D54FF8EF9066BC9F8D21918A70D" box="[199,329,1885,1909]" class="Arachnida" family="Chthoniidae" genus="Chthonius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pseudoscorpiones" pageId="101" pageNumber="102" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sardous">
<emphasis id="B903EAC5FF8EF9066BC9F8D21918A70D" box="[199,329,1885,1909]" italics="true" pageId="101" pageNumber="102">C. sardous</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, which is endemic to karstic complexes of SW Sardinia, represents the most specialized subterranean species of 
<taxonomicName id="4C774D54FF8EF9066AADF80D1A27A7E1" box="[419,630,1921,1945]" class="Arachnida" family="Chthoniidae" genus="Ephippiochthonius" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pseudoscorpiones" pageId="101" pageNumber="102" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B903EAC5FF8EF9066AADF80D1A27A7E1" box="[419,630,1921,1945]" italics="true" pageId="101" pageNumber="102">Ephippiochthonius</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
on this island.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>