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<document id="63039C67A8BFACA14DE2AFFB43F6B753" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.3918.4.3" ID-GBIF-Dataset="e59765d1-f223-4839-aa0a-15a6d904a823" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="245277" ID-ZooBank="F87634FE-2F58-476A-9A9F-B31555B13041" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1460989283487" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Reid, C. A. M. &amp; Beatson, M." docDate="2015" docId="03CB6450FF91F97A76A8CD8DFC67495A" docLanguage="en" docName="zt03918p551.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 3918 (4)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Altica cyanea Weber 1801" docType="treatment" docVersion="10" lastPageNumber="540" masterDocId="FFF21C28FFB2F95F763FCF39FF8B4A62" masterDocTitle="Disentangling a taxonomic nightmare: a revision of the Australian, Indomalayan and Pacific species of Altica Geoffroy, 1762 (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Galerucinae)" masterLastPageNumber="551" masterPageNumber="503" pageNumber="538" updateTime="1698560962389" updateUser="plazi">
<mods:mods id="7F59FEE3B5BEB391FA0495404FEFADC9" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:title id="5C04721DAD248FB54A434254D5D724AA">Disentangling a taxonomic nightmare: a revision of the Australian, Indomalayan and Pacific species of Altica Geoffroy, 1762 (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Galerucinae)</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="D5735E338FDF4D224B2F613AF04E1EC0" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="781F57061863111538B9415C29E38199">Reid, C. A. M.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="E1FC2B13332E8091B511EAE14C8E5382">Beatson, M.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="DFF48D197AE4374E8FCEDBFA21961624">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="0AD831EBCD6B6E3F3EC5F05FC08FAB0E">
<mods:date id="000B523D41D55BEA216CF981B6B35DE8">2015</mods:date>
<mods:detail id="6DBFFAC0CE22BF78BB9DA0DB86D0173F" type="volume">
<mods:number id="09D030729FC808409D3B5361217DC9B7">3918</mods:number>
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<mods:classification id="5F5B9463C8D6F18A7B4A76667653CFB3">journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier id="132C34EA3926F67D01B5E776B3CE9DBF" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.3918.4.3</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="2A4185A46BB8610EB939608BEDB97A68" type="GBIF-Dataset">e59765d1-f223-4839-aa0a-15a6d904a823</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="67F885529F01211DFEEF3CE07EECFAD3" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="03CB6450FF91F97A76A8CD8DFC67495A" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5696588" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119596148" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5696588" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03CB6450FF91F97A76A8CD8DFC67495A" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03CB6450FF91F97A76A8CD8DFC67495A" lastPageId="37" lastPageNumber="540" pageId="35" pageNumber="538">
<subSubSection id="C37886CDFF91F97C76A8CD8DFDE2488D" pageId="35" pageNumber="538" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BDDD546FF91F97C76A8CD8DFE5748AC" blockId="35.[151,617,692,751]" box="[151,476,692,718]" pageId="35" pageNumber="538">
<heading id="D095622AFF91F97C76A8CD8DFE5748AC" bold="true" box="[151,476,692,718]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="35" pageNumber="538" reason="1">
<taxonomicName id="4C62AEC5FF91F97C76A8CD8DFE5748AC" authority="Weber, 1801" authorityName="Weber" authorityYear="1801" box="[151,476,692,718]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Altica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="35" pageNumber="538" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cyanea">
<emphasis id="B9160954FF91F97C76A8CD8DFE5748AC" bold="true" box="[151,476,692,718]" pageId="35" pageNumber="538">
<emphasis id="B9160954FF91F97C76A8CD8DFEB048AC" bold="true" box="[151,315,692,718]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="538">Altica cyanea</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFF3A8B7FF91F97C777DCD8DFE5748AC" author="Weber" box="[322,476,692,718]" pageId="35" pageNumber="538" refString="Weber, F. (1801) Observationes entomologicae, continentes novorum quae condidit generum characteres, et nuper detectarum specierum descriptiones. Bibliopolii Academici Novi, Kiliae, xii + 116 pp." type="book" year="1801">Weber, 1801</bibRefCitation>
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BDDD546FF91F97C76A8CDEFFDE2488D" blockId="35.[151,617,692,751]" box="[151,617,726,751]" pageId="35" pageNumber="538">
(
<figureCitation id="1359C9C3FF91F97C76A0CDEFFF6C488D" box="[159,231,726,751]" captionStart="FIGURES 1 – 7" captionStartId="13.[151,264,1952,1974]" captionTargetBox="[282,1294,206,1913]" captionTargetId="figure@13.[266,1321,193,1930]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURES 1 – 7. Habitus Altica species: 1, A. aenea (Olivier) (Australia); 2. A. aenea (Sumatra); 3. A. birmanensis (Jacoby); 4, A. caerulea (Olivier); 5, A. corrusca (Erichson); 6, A. cyanea Weber; 7, A. gravida (Blackburn)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/245278/files/figure.png" pageId="35" pageNumber="538">Figs 6</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="1359C9C3FF91F97C76CCCDEEFE9A488D" box="[243,273,727,751]" captionStart="FIGURES 8 – 14" captionStartId="14.[151,264,1877,1899]" captionTargetBox="[187,1398,232,1836]" captionTargetId="figure@14.[151,1435,193,1856]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURES 8 – 14. Head Altica species: 8, A. aenea (Olivier) (Australia); 9. A. aenea (Sumatra); 10. A. birmanensis (Jacoby); 11, A. caerulea (Olivier); 12, A. corrusca (Erichson); 13, A. cyanea Weber; 14, A. gravida (Blackburn)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/245279/files/figure.png" pageId="35" pageNumber="538">13</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="1359C9C3FF91F97C7722CDEEFEB0488D" box="[285,315,727,751]" captionStart="FIGURES 27 – 29" captionStartId="19.[151,264,1425,1447]" captionTargetBox="[160,1417,203,1386]" captionTargetId="figure@19.[152,1435,193,1404]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="FIGURES 27 – 29. Altica species, male genitalia (penis in ventral, dorsal and lateral view): 27, A. corrusca (Erichson); 28, A. cyanea Weber; 29, A. gravida (Blackburn)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/245282/files/figure.png" pageId="35" pageNumber="538">28</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="1359C9C3FF91F97C7778CDEEFE04488D" box="[327,399,727,751]" captionStart="FIGURES 32 – 46" captionStartId="23.[151,264,1848,1870]" captionText="FIGURES 32 – 46. Altica species, female sternite VIII: 32, A. aenea (Olivier) (Northern Territory, Australia); 33. A. aenea (New South Wales, Australia); 34, A. aenea (North Queensland, Australia); 35, A. birmanensis (Jacoby) (West Java); 36, A. birmanensis (Vietnam); 37, A. caerulea (Olivier) (Northern Territory); 38, A. caerulea (Torres Straits); 39, A. corrusca (Erichson) (New South Wales); 40, A. corrusca (Tasmania, Australia); 41, A. cyanea Weber (lectotype, Sumatra); 42, A. cyanea (West Java); 43, A. gravida (Blackburn) (Victoria, Australia); 44, A. gravida (eastern New South Wales); 45, A. gravida (eastern New South Wales); 46, A. gravida (western New South Wales). Drawn to scale." pageId="35" pageNumber="538">41, 42</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="1359C9C3FF91F97C77A4CDEFFE6F488D" box="[411,484,726,751]" captionStart="FIGURES 47 – 61" captionStartId="24.[151,264,1834,1856]" captionText="FIGURES 47 – 61. Altica species, vaginal palpi: 47, A. aenea (Olivier) (Northern Territory, Australia); 48. A. aenea (New South Wales, Australia); 49, A. aenea (north Queensland, Australia); 50, A. birmanensis (Jacoby) (West Java); 51, A. birmanensis (West Java); 52, A. caerulea (Olivier) (Northern Territory); 53, A. caerulea (Torres Straits); 54, A. corrusca (Erichson) (New South Wales); 55, A. corrusca (Tasmania); 56, A. cyanea Weber (lectotype, Sumatra); 57, A. cyanea (West Java); 58, A. gravida (Blackburn) (Victoria, Austrlalia); 59, A. gravida (eastern New South Wales); 60, A. gravida (eastern New South Wales); 61, A. gravida (western New South Wales). Drawn to scale." pageId="35" pageNumber="538">56, 57</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="1359C9C3FF91F97C77D0CDEEFDBC488D" box="[495,567,727,751]" captionStart="FIGURES 62 – 76" captionStartId="25.[151,264,1844,1866]" captionTargetBox="[239,1333,203,1789]" captionTargetId="figure@25.[228,1352,193,1803]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="FIGURES 62 – 76. Altica species, spermathecae: 62, A. aenea (Olivier) (Northern Territory, Australia); 63, A. aenea (New South Wales, Australia); 64, A. aenea (north Queensland, Australia); 65, A. birmanensis (Jacoby) (West Java); 66, A. birmanensis (Sulawesi); 67, A. caerulea (Olivier) (Northern Territory); 68, A. caerulea (Torres Straits); 69, A. corrusca (Erichson) (New South Wales); 70, A. corrusca (Tasmania); 71, A. cyanea Weber (lectotype, Sumatra); 72, A. cyanea (West Java); 73, A. gravida (Blackburn) (Victoria, Australia); 74, A. gravida (eastern New South Wales); 75, A. gravida (eastern New South Wales); 76, A. gravida (western New South Wales). Drawn to scale." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/245284/files/figure.png" pageId="35" pageNumber="538">71, 72</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="1359C9C3FF91F97C747CCDEEFDEB488D" box="[579,608,727,751]" captionStart="FIGURE 81" captionStartId="40.[151,250,1952,1974]" captionTargetBox="[231,1354,198,1922]" captionTargetId="figure@40.[227,1360,193,1930]" captionTargetPageId="40" captionText="FIGURE 81. Distribution of Altica cyanea Weber." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/245287/files/figure.png" pageId="35" pageNumber="538">81</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C37886CDFF91F97C76A8CC27FC6149CD" pageId="35" pageNumber="538" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="8BDDD546FF91F97C76A8CC27FD4B4956" blockId="35.[151,1075,798,943]" box="[151,704,798,821]" pageId="35" pageNumber="538">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB72F268FF91F97C76A8CC27FD4B4956" box="[151,704,798,821]" pageId="35" pageNumber="538">
<taxonomicName id="4C62AEC5FF91F97C76A8CC27FE434956" authority="Weber 1801: 57" authorityName="Weber" authorityPageNumber="57" authorityYear="1801" box="[151,456,798,821]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Altica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="35" pageNumber="538" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cyanea">
<emphasis id="B9160954FF91F97C76A8CC27FEA94957" box="[151,290,798,821]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="538">Altica cyanea</emphasis>
<treatmentCitation id="0AC3F357FF91F97C7717CC27FE434956" author="Weber" box="[296,456,798,820]" page="57" pageId="35" pageNumber="538" year="1801">
<bibRefCitation id="EFF3A8B7FF91F97C7717CC27FE2E4956" author="Weber" box="[296,421,798,820]" pageId="35" pageNumber="538" refString="Weber, F. (1801) Observationes entomologicae, continentes novorum quae condidit generum characteres, et nuper detectarum specierum descriptiones. Bibliopolii Academici Novi, Kiliae, xii + 116 pp." type="book" year="1801">Weber 1801</bibRefCitation>
: 57
</treatmentCitation>
</taxonomicName>
(
<typeStatus id="54D96BE4FF91F97C77E9CC27FD884956" box="[470,515,798,820]" pageId="35" pageNumber="538">type</typeStatus>
locality Sumatra).
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BDDD546FF91F97C76A8CC04FE654931" blockId="35.[151,1075,798,943]" box="[151,494,829,851]" pageId="35" pageNumber="538">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB72F268FF91F97C76A8CC04FE654931" box="[151,494,829,851]" pageId="35" pageNumber="538">
<taxonomicName id="4C62AEC5FF91F97C76A8CC04FE614931" authority="Illiger 1807: 115" authorityName="Illiger" authorityPageNumber="115" authorityYear="1807" box="[151,490,829,851]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Haltica" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="35" pageNumber="538" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cyanea">
<emphasis id="B9160954FF91F97C76A8CC04FEBA4931" box="[151,305,829,851]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="538">Haltica cyanea</emphasis>
:
<treatmentCitation id="0AC3F357FF91F97C7701CC04FE614931" author="Illiger" box="[318,490,829,851]" page="115" pageId="35" pageNumber="538" year="1807">
<bibRefCitation id="EFF3A8B7FF91F97C7701CC04FE334931" author="Illiger" box="[318,440,829,851]" pageId="35" pageNumber="538" refString="Illiger, K. (1807) Verzeichnis der Arten der Flohkafer, Halticae, in der Hellwig-Hoffmanseggischen Sammlung, mit Beschreibung der neuen und Bezeichnung der ubrigen Arten. Magazin fur Insektenkunde, 6, 81 - 177." type="journal article" year="1807">Illiger 1807</bibRefCitation>
: 115
</treatmentCitation>
</taxonomicName>
.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BDDD546FF91F97C76A8CC65FC6149CD" blockId="35.[151,1075,798,943]" pageId="35" pageNumber="538">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB72F268FF91F97C76A8CC65FC6149CD" pageId="35" pageNumber="538">
<taxonomicName id="4C62AEC5FF91F97C76A8CC65FD974910" authority="Fabricius 1801: 497" authorityName="Fabricius" authorityPageNumber="497" authorityYear="1801" box="[151,540,860,882]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Galleruca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="35" pageNumber="538" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cyanea">
<emphasis id="B9160954FF91F97C76A8CC65FEC74910" box="[151,332,860,882]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="538">Galleruca cyanea</emphasis>
<treatmentCitation id="0AC3F357FF91F97C776DCC65FD974910" author="Fabricius" box="[338,540,860,882]" page="497" pageId="35" pageNumber="538" year="1801">
<bibRefCitation id="EFF3A8B7FF91F97C776DCC65FE674910" author="Fabricius" box="[338,492,860,882]" pageId="35" pageNumber="538" refString="Fabricius, J. C. (1801) Systema eleutheratorum secundum ordines, genera, species adiectis synonymis, locis, observationibus, descriptionibus. Tomus I. Bibliopolii Academici Novi, Kiliae, xxiv + 506 pp." type="book" year="1801">Fabricius 1801</bibRefCitation>
: 497
</treatmentCitation>
</taxonomicName>
(objective junior homonym,
<typeStatus id="54D96BE4FF91F97C757BCC64FCFB4910" box="[836,880,861,882]" pageId="35" pageNumber="538">type</typeStatus>
locality Sumatra).
<taxonomicName id="4C62AEC5FF91F97C76A8CC43FE6649F2" authority="Illiger 1807: 115" authorityName="Illiger" authorityPageNumber="115" authorityYear="1807" box="[151,493,890,912]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Haltica" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="35" pageNumber="538" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ianthina">
<emphasis id="B9160954FF91F97C76A8CC43FEB549F2" box="[151,318,890,912]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="538">Haltica ianthina</emphasis>
<treatmentCitation id="0AC3F357FF91F97C777BCC43FE6649F2" author="Illiger" box="[324,493,890,912]" page="115" pageId="35" pageNumber="538" year="1807">
<bibRefCitation id="EFF3A8B7FF91F97C777BCC43FE3549F2" author="Illiger" box="[324,446,890,912]" pageId="35" pageNumber="538" refString="Illiger, K. (1807) Verzeichnis der Arten der Flohkafer, Halticae, in der Hellwig-Hoffmanseggischen Sammlung, mit Beschreibung der neuen und Bezeichnung der ubrigen Arten. Magazin fur Insektenkunde, 6, 81 - 177." type="journal article" year="1807">Illiger 1807</bibRefCitation>
: 115
</treatmentCitation>
</taxonomicName>
(nom. nov. pro
<taxonomicName id="4C62AEC5FF91F97C74B1CC42FCFD49F2" authority="Fabricius 1801" authorityName="Fabricius" authorityYear="1801" box="[654,886,890,912]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Galleruca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="35" pageNumber="538" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cyanea">
<emphasis id="B9160954FF91F97C74B1CC42FD5D49F2" box="[654,726,891,912]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="538">cyanea</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFF3A8B7FF91F97C74E3CC43FCFD49F2" author="Fabricius" box="[732,886,890,912]" pageId="35" pageNumber="538" refString="Fabricius, J. C. (1801) Systema eleutheratorum secundum ordines, genera, species adiectis synonymis, locis, observationibus, descriptionibus. Tomus I. Bibliopolii Academici Novi, Kiliae, xxiv + 506 pp." type="book" year="1801">Fabricius 1801</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, nec
<bibRefCitation id="EFF3A8B7FF91F97C7595CC43FBAC49F2" author="Weber" box="[938,1063,890,912]" pageId="35" pageNumber="538" refString="Weber, F. (1801) Observationes entomologicae, continentes novorum quae condidit generum characteres, et nuper detectarum specierum descriptiones. Bibliopolii Academici Novi, Kiliae, xii + 116 pp." type="book" year="1801">Weber 1801</bibRefCitation>
).
<taxonomicName id="4C62AEC5FF91F97C76A8CCA0FEB849CD" box="[151,307,921,943]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Altica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="35" pageNumber="538" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="caerulea">
<emphasis id="B9160954FF91F97C76A8CCA0FEB849CD" box="[151,307,921,943]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="538">Altica caerulea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
partim sensu auctt. nec
<bibRefCitation id="EFF3A8B7FF91F97C7418CCA0FD2449CD" author="Olivier" box="[551,687,921,943]" pageId="35" pageNumber="538" refString="Olivier, A. G. (1791) Encyclopedie metodique, ou par ordre de matieres: par une societe de gens de lettres, de savans et d'artistes; precedee d'un vocabulaire universel, servant de table pour tout l'ouvrage, ornee des portraits de Mm. Diderot et d'Alembert, premiers editeurs de l'Encyclopedie. Histoire naturelle. Insectes. Tome sixieme. Pars 1. Panckoucke, Paris, 704 pp." type="book" year="1791">Olivier, 1791</bibRefCitation>
;
<treatmentCitation id="0AC3F357FF91F97C7485CCA0FC6D49CD" author="Gressitt" box="[698,998,921,943]" page="889" pageId="35" pageNumber="538" year="1963">
<bibRefCitation id="EFF3A8B7FF91F97C7485CCA0FC3849CD" author="Gressitt" box="[698,947,921,943]" pageId="35" pageNumber="538" refString="Gressitt, J. L. &amp; Kimoto, S. (1963) The Chrysomelidae (Coleopt.) of China and Korea. Part 2. Pacific Insects Monograph, 1 B, 301 - 1026." type="journal article" year="1963">Gressitt &amp; Kimoto 1963</bibRefCitation>
: 889
</treatmentCitation>
.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C37886CDFF91F97C76A8CCE5FEE24E92" pageId="35" pageNumber="538" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8BDDD546FF91F97C76A8CCE5FDA54E7A" blockId="35.[151,1437,987,2021]" pageId="35" pageNumber="538">
<emphasis id="B9160954FF91F97C76A8CCE5FE094997" bold="true" box="[151,386,988,1013]" pageId="35" pageNumber="538">Material examined</emphasis>
(20, * = dissected specimen).
<typeStatus id="54D96BE4FF91F97C752FCCE4FCC34997" box="[784,840,989,1013]" pageId="35" pageNumber="538">Type</typeStatus>
material:
<taxonomicName id="4C62AEC5FF91F97C75F3CCE2FB5B4997" authority="Weber" authorityName="Weber" box="[972,1232,987,1013]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Altica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="35" pageNumber="538" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cyanea">
<emphasis id="B9160954FF91F97C75F3CCE2FB5B4997" bold="true" box="[972,1232,987,1013]" pageId="35" pageNumber="538">
<emphasis id="B9160954FF91F97C75F3CCE2FBF94991" bold="true" box="[972,1138,987,1012]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="538">Altica cyanea</emphasis>
Weber
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
:
<typeStatus id="54D96BE4FF91F97C72D6CCE4FAD24997" box="[1257,1369,989,1013]" pageId="35" pageNumber="538" type="lectotype">Lectotype</typeStatus>
(this designation): ♀*/
<taxonomicName id="4C62AEC5FF91F97C775DCB39FE244E7A" box="[354,431,1024,1048]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Altica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="35" pageNumber="538" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cyanea">cyanea</taxonomicName>
/ (
<collectionCode id="ED734D83FF91F97C77F9CB39FDA94E7A" box="[454,546,1024,1048]" pageId="35" pageNumber="538">NHMD</collectionCode>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BDDD546FF91F97C76F8CB1CFEE24E92" blockId="35.[151,1437,987,2021]" pageId="35" pageNumber="538">
Non-type material:
<emphasis id="B9160954FF91F97C7797CB1DFD974E5F" bold="true" box="[424,540,1060,1085]" pageId="35" pageNumber="538">
<collectingCountry id="F37595D6FF91F97C7797CB1DFD974E5F" box="[424,540,1060,1085]" name="Indonesia" pageId="35" pageNumber="538">Indonesia</collectingCountry>
</emphasis>
:
<emphasis id="B9160954FF91F97C7411CB1DFDED4E5F" bold="true" box="[558,614,1060,1085]" pageId="35" pageNumber="538">Java</emphasis>
: ♀*, ♀/ Buitenzorg,
<date id="FFDCF386FF91F97C7560CB1DFC3F4E5F" box="[863,948,1060,1085]" pageId="35" pageNumber="538" value="1907-06">vi.1907</date>
(
<collectionCode id="ED734D83FF91F97C75F9CB1DFB804E5E" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:13650" box="[966,1035,1060,1084]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:13650" name="Museum" pageId="35" pageNumber="538">BMH</collectionCode>
);
<specimenCount id="9D641ECFFF91F97C721DCB1DFBCD4E5E" box="[1058,1094,1060,1084]" pageId="35" pageNumber="538" type="generic">2♂</specimenCount>
*/ Java, Dieng Plateau, above Telago Warna,
<quantity id="4C9A78A3FF91F97C777DCB7EFE184E02" box="[322,403,1095,1120]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.15" pageId="35" pageNumber="538" unit="m" value="2150.0">2150m</quantity>
, on low shrub,
<date id="FFDCF386FF91F97C747ECB7EFD194E02" box="[577,658,1095,1120]" pageId="35" pageNumber="538" value="1991-02">ii.1991</date>
, C Reid (
<collectionCode id="ED734D83FF91F97C74C1CB71FCC24E02" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:32981" box="[766,841,1096,1120]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:32981" name="Australian National Insect Collection" pageId="35" pageNumber="538">ANIC</collectionCode>
); ♂*, ♀*/ West Java E entrance to Gunung Halimun NP,
<date id="FFDCF386FF91F97C76F8CB55FE944EE7" box="[199,287,1132,1157]" pageId="35" pageNumber="538" value="1999-09">ix.1999</date>
, C Reid (
<collectionCode id="ED734D83FF91F97C77B2CB55FE444EE6" box="[397,463,1132,1156]" pageId="35" pageNumber="538">AMS</collectionCode>
);
<emphasis id="B9160954FF91F97C77DBCB55FDC74EE7" bold="true" box="[484,588,1132,1157]" pageId="35" pageNumber="538">Sumatra</emphasis>
:
<specimenCount id="9D641ECFFF91F97C7462CB55FD084EE6" box="[605,643,1132,1156]" pageId="35" pageNumber="538" type="generic">2♂</specimenCount>
*, ♀/ West Lampung, 3k S Krui,
<taxonomicName id="4C62AEC5FF91F97C75C0CB55FBF04EE7" box="[1023,1147,1132,1157]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Melastomataceae" genus="Melastoma" kingdom="Plantae" order="Myrtales" pageId="35" pageNumber="538" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9160954FF91F97C75C0CB55FBF04EE7" box="[1023,1147,1132,1157]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="538">Melastoma</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, old coastal palm plantn,
<date id="FFDCF386FF91F97C76A8CBB6FE924ECA" box="[151,281,1167,1192]" pageId="35" pageNumber="538" value="2001-12-19">19.xii.2001</date>
, C Reid (
<collectionCode id="ED734D83FF91F97C77BECBA9FE484ECA" box="[385,451,1168,1192]" pageId="35" pageNumber="538">AMS</collectionCode>
);
<emphasis id="B9160954FF91F97C77E9CBB6FDC84ECA" bold="true" box="[470,579,1167,1192]" pageId="35" pageNumber="538">
<collectingCountry id="F37595D6FF91F97C77E9CBB6FDC84ECA" box="[470,579,1167,1192]" name="Malaysia" pageId="35" pageNumber="538">Malaysia</collectingCountry>
</emphasis>
: ♀*, 4/
<collectingCountry id="F37595D6FF91F97C74A1CBB6FCB34EC5" box="[670,824,1167,1192]" name="Malaysia" pageId="35" pageNumber="538">North Borneo</collectingCountry>
or
<collectingCountry id="F37595D6FF91F97C7562CBB6FC4B4ECA" box="[861,960,1167,1192]" name="Malaysia" pageId="35" pageNumber="538">Sarawak</collectingCountry>
, 1958-9, TC Maa (
<collectionCode id="ED734D83FF91F97C72ACCBA9FB524ECA" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:13650" box="[1171,1241,1168,1192]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:13650" name="Museum" pageId="35" pageNumber="538">BMH</collectionCode>
); 1/ British
<collectingCountry id="F37595D6FF91F97C7364CBB6FF614EAE" name="Malaysia" pageId="35" pageNumber="538">North Borneo</collectingCountry>
[Sabah], Tenompok, 48k E Jesselton,
<quantity id="4C9A78A3FF91F97C7481CB8DFC854EAF" box="[702,782,1204,1229]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.46" pageId="35" pageNumber="538" unit="m" value="1460.0">1460m</quantity>
,
<date id="FFDCF386FF91F97C751FCB8DFC3D4EAF" box="[800,950,1204,1229]" pageId="35" pageNumber="538" value="1959-01-26" valueMax="1959-01-31" valueMin="1959-01-26">26–31.i.1959</date>
, TC Maa (
<collectionCode id="ED734D83FF91F97C727ECB8DFB0D4EAE" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:13650" box="[1089,1158,1204,1228]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:13650" name="Museum" pageId="35" pageNumber="538">BMH</collectionCode>
); ♂*, ♂, ♀*, ♀, ditto,
<date id="FFDCF386FF91F97C76A8CBEEFE834E92" box="[151,264,1239,1264]" pageId="35" pageNumber="538" value="1959-02-19">19.ii.1959</date>
(
<collectionCode id="ED734D83FF91F97C7727CBE1FED54E92" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:13650" box="[280,350,1240,1264]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:13650" name="Museum" pageId="35" pageNumber="538">BMH</collectionCode>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C37886CDFF91F97B76F8CBC5FD44495A" lastPageId="36" lastPageNumber="539" pageId="35" pageNumber="538" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BDDD546FF91F97C76F8CBC5FCE84F77" blockId="35.[151,1437,987,2021]" box="[199,867,1276,1301]" pageId="35" pageNumber="538">
<emphasis id="B9160954FF91F97C76F8CBC5FED24F77" bold="true" box="[199,345,1276,1301]" pageId="35" pageNumber="538">Description.</emphasis>
Length: male
<quantity id="4C9A78A3FF91F97C77C4CBC5FDF54F77" box="[507,638,1276,1301]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.449999999999999" metricValueMax="5.8" metricValueMin="5.1" pageId="35" pageNumber="538" unit="mm" value="5.449999999999999" valueMax="5.8" valueMin="5.1">5.1–5.8mm</quantity>
, female
<quantity id="4C9A78A3FF91F97C74E3CBC5FCD54F77" box="[732,862,1276,1301]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.65" metricValueMax="6.1" metricValueMin="5.2" pageId="35" pageNumber="538" unit="mm" value="5.65" valueMax="6.1" valueMin="5.2">5.2–6.1mm</quantity>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BDDD546FF91F97C76F8CA26FEA14FAA" blockId="35.[151,1437,987,2021]" pageId="35" pageNumber="538">
<emphasis id="B9160954FF91F97C76F8CA26FE904F5A" bold="true" box="[199,283,1311,1336]" pageId="35" pageNumber="538">Colour</emphasis>
: dorsum usually deep blue, rarely purplish or bicoloured, either with green pronotum and blue elytra or the mostly blue elytra narrowly green laterally; base of head often reddish (teneral specimens?); first antennomere dark brown with red apical third and base; remainder of antennae black or antennomeres 2 &amp; 3 reddish-brown; venter and legs entirely black, or legs partially reddish-brown (teneral specimens?), with duller metallic reflection than dorsum.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BDDD546FF91F97C76F8CAEDFBF34D1B" blockId="35.[151,1437,987,2021]" pageId="35" pageNumber="538">
<emphasis id="B9160954FF91F97C76F8CAEDFE8C4F8F" bold="true" box="[199,263,1492,1517]" pageId="35" pageNumber="538">Head</emphasis>
: ratios (Tables 3 &amp; 4):
<emphasis id="B9160954FF91F97C7408CAEDFDFA4F8F" bold="true" box="[567,625,1492,1517]" pageId="35" pageNumber="538">male</emphasis>
: EG 2.80–4.00; IE 1.57–1.82; HG 7.80–10.00; HN 1.00–1.08; NE 2.35–2.66;
<emphasis id="B9160954FF91F97C7724CACEFEE14C72" bold="true" box="[283,362,1527,1552]" pageId="35" pageNumber="538">female</emphasis>
: EG 3.40–4.00 (
<taxonomicName id="4C62AEC5FF91F97C7408CAC1FD204C72" box="[567,683,1528,1552]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Altica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="35" pageNumber="538" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cyanea">
<emphasis id="B9160954FF91F97C7408CAC1FD204C72" box="[567,683,1528,1552]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="538">A. cyanea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<typeStatus id="54D96BE4FF91F97C7487CACEFCA84C72" box="[696,803,1527,1552]" pageId="35" pageNumber="538" type="lectotype">lectotype</typeStatus>
: 3.40); IE 1.55–1.63 (
<taxonomicName id="4C62AEC5FF91F97C720FCAC1FB2F4C72" box="[1072,1188,1528,1552]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Altica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="35" pageNumber="538" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cyanea">
<emphasis id="B9160954FF91F97C720FCAC1FB2F4C72" box="[1072,1188,1528,1552]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="538">A. cyanea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<typeStatus id="54D96BE4FF91F97C728ECACEFA934C72" box="[1201,1304,1527,1552]" pageId="35" pageNumber="538" type="lectotype">lectotype</typeStatus>
1.62); HG 8.8–9.80 (
<taxonomicName id="4C62AEC5FF91F97C7735C925FEF24C56" box="[266,377,1564,1588]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Altica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="35" pageNumber="538" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cyanea">
<emphasis id="B9160954FF91F97C7735C925FEF24C56" box="[266,377,1564,1588]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="538">A. cyanea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<typeStatus id="54D96BE4FF91F97C77BDC925FE624C57" box="[386,489,1564,1589]" pageId="35" pageNumber="538" type="lectotype">lectotype</typeStatus>
8.8); HN 1.03–1.06 (
<taxonomicName id="4C62AEC5FF91F97C74E1C925FCC54C56" box="[734,846,1564,1588]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Altica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="35" pageNumber="538" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cyanea">
<emphasis id="B9160954FF91F97C74E1C925FCC54C56" box="[734,846,1564,1588]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="538">A. cyanea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<typeStatus id="54D96BE4FF91F97C7569C925FC364C57" box="[854,957,1564,1589]" pageId="35" pageNumber="538" type="lectotype">lectotype</typeStatus>
1.04); NE 2.33–2.50 (
<taxonomicName id="4C62AEC5FF91F97C7281C925FAA64C56" box="[1214,1325,1564,1588]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Altica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="35" pageNumber="538" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cyanea">
<emphasis id="B9160954FF91F97C7281C925FAA64C56" box="[1214,1325,1564,1588]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="538">A. cyanea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<typeStatus id="54D96BE4FF91F97C730AC925FA174C57" box="[1333,1436,1564,1589]" pageId="35" pageNumber="538" type="lectotype">lectotype</typeStatus>
2.50); pubescence: several small setae at posterior of orbit, longitudinal row of short recumbent setae at sides of frontoclypeal ridge, 1 long pair and several short setae behind clypeal anterior margin; transverse row of long setae between eye and buccal cavity; face impunctate except small punctures at bases of orbital setae; vertex without microreticulation; postantennal calli smooth, not microreticulate; eyes small and relatively flat; postantennal calli usually almost quadrate, with bluntly triangular anterior angles and truncate to convex bases, these usually tranversely subdivided, with secondary triangular areas; calli variably adjacent, from most of length to base only; frontoclypeal ridge lanceolate, broad and smooth or finely rugose at base, entirely convex, anteriorly terminating in a narrow keel before clypeal margin or keel absent; anterior edge of clypeus dull and finely rugose, strongly raised, often as a prominent transverse ridge, sides of clypeus microreticulate and finely rugose.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BDDD546FF91F97B76F8C8BDFE9E4BB2" blockId="35.[151,1437,987,2021]" lastBlockId="36.[151,1437,151,2013]" lastPageId="36" lastPageNumber="539" pageId="35" pageNumber="538">
<emphasis id="B9160954FF91F97C76F8C8BDFEAB4DFF" bold="true" box="[199,288,1924,1949]" pageId="35" pageNumber="538">Thorax</emphasis>
: pronotum with or without pair of shallow ovate depressions behind anterior border; shining, entirely non-microscuptured or apical half and basal field microreticulate; non-glandular puncturation variable, from small sparse punctures only laterally, to anterior and basal field with sparse (separated by at least 2 diameters) larger punctures, but disc always finely and sparsely punctured; hypomeron without microreticulation, smooth, except anterior angles finely transversely strigose and sometimes with sparse punctures; prosternum anteriorly smooth and shining, process finely transversely grooved and dull, slightly rugose; scutellum triangular with curved sides, to semiovate, microreticulate or shining and smooth; elytra shining, microreticulation absent or at extreme apices only, strongly and closely but irregularly punctured, interspaces mostly 0.5–2 diameters, sometimes with smooth elongate intervals on disc; elytra with small deep depression laterally behind humerus, but without distinct keel; femora densely microsculptured and pubescent; outer face mid tibia convex, usually with prominent keel for most of length, apical fifth sometimes flat; male first protarsomere distinctly longer than broad, female 1.6–1.7x longer than broad.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BDDD546FF96F97B76F8CEE5FD44495A" blockId="36.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="36" pageNumber="539">
<emphasis id="B9160954FF96F97B76F8CEE5FEB74B97" bold="true" box="[199,316,476,501]" pageId="36" pageNumber="539">Abdomen</emphasis>
: abdominal ventrites densely microsculptured and with recumbent pubescence;
<emphasis id="B9160954FF96F97B7330CEE5FAC24B97" bold="true" box="[1295,1353,476,501]" pageId="36" pageNumber="539">male</emphasis>
: penis
<quantity id="4C9A78A3FF96F97B76A8CEC6FEB9487A" box="[151,306,511,536]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.05" metricValueMax="2.15" metricValueMin="1.95" pageId="36" pageNumber="539" unit="mm" value="2.05" valueMax="2.15" valueMin="1.95">1.95–2.15mm</quantity>
long; in dorsal view parallel-sided to the rounded apex, which has a protruding short truncate lobe; dorsal and ventral surfaces slightly curved in lateral view, with extreme tip recurved; shallowly transversely ridged on middle of dorsal surface (only 2 ridges on specimen from Dieng, Java); venter without transverse or oblique ridges, two long apicoventral depressions present, 0.30–0.35x penis length, ovate, internally finely ridged or smooth surfaced, laterally smooth edged, separated by a narrow sharp ridge;
<emphasis id="B9160954FF96F97B7238CDB6FBDD48CA" bold="true" box="[1031,1110,655,680]" pageId="36" pageNumber="539">female</emphasis>
: tignum
<quantity id="4C9A78A3FF96F97B7280CDA9FAD048CA" box="[1215,1371,656,680]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.16" metricValueMax="1.28" metricValueMin="1.04" pageId="36" pageNumber="539" unit="mm" value="1.16" valueMax="1.28" valueMin="1.04">1.04–1.28mm</quantity>
long, basal part broad and irregularly outlined, lateral arms large and broadly triangular and apex broadly spatulate; spermathecal collum of variable length and thickness and containing 1–2 twists; vaginal palpi short and broad, almost ovate, length: width ratio 0.6–1.2, with rounded to truncate apex and straight or convex inner margin; palpal apodemes 3–
<date id="FFDCF386FF96F97B7715CC26FEBC495A" box="[298,311,799,824]" pageId="36" pageNumber="539">5</date>
x length palpi, 0.5–0.5x width palpi.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C37886CDFF96F97B76F8CC7DFDCC498E" pageId="36" pageNumber="539" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="8BDDD546FF96F97B76F8CC7DFDCC498E" blockId="36.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="36" pageNumber="539">
<emphasis id="B9160954FF96F97B76F8CC7DFE79493F" bold="true" box="[199,498,836,861]" pageId="36" pageNumber="539">Distribution and biology.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C62AEC5FF96F97B77C5CC7DFD1F493E" box="[506,660,836,861]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Altica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="36" pageNumber="539" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cyanea">
<emphasis id="B9160954FF96F97B77C5CC7DFD1F493E" box="[506,660,836,861]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="539">Altica cyanea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
appears to be endemic to Sundaland (Peninsular
<collectingCountry id="F37595D6FF96F97B72FDCC7DFAA0493F" box="[1218,1323,836,861]" name="Malaysia" pageId="36" pageNumber="539">Malaysia</collectingCountry>
, Sumatra, Borneo and Java) and is absent from
<collectingCountry id="F37595D6FF96F97B746ACC5EFD3749E2" box="[597,700,871,896]" name="Australia" pageId="36" pageNumber="539">Australia</collectingCountry>
and islands east of Java. Manfred Döberl has kindly provided additional records of
<taxonomicName id="4C62AEC5FF96F97B77B1CCB5FD8B49C6" box="[398,512,908,932]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Altica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="36" pageNumber="539" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cyanea">
<emphasis id="B9160954FF96F97B77B1CCB5FD8B49C6" box="[398,512,908,932]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="539">A. cyanea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
based on his dissections and all fit this limited distribution on the Sunda shelf:
<collectingCountry id="F37595D6FF96F97B76A8CC96FE8F49AA" box="[151,260,943,968]" name="Malaysia" pageId="36" pageNumber="539">
<emphasis id="B9160954FF96F97B76A8CC96FE8F49AA" bold="true" box="[151,260,943,968]" pageId="36" pageNumber="539">Malaysia</emphasis>
</collectingCountry>
: Endau Rompin NP, Johore; Taiping, Perak;
<emphasis id="B9160954FF96F97B74C0CC96FCF849AA" bold="true" box="[767,883,943,968]" pageId="36" pageNumber="539">
<collectingCountry id="F37595D6FF96F97B74C0CC96FCF849AA" box="[767,883,943,968]" name="Indonesia" pageId="36" pageNumber="539">Indonesia</collectingCountry>
</emphasis>
: Cibodas &amp; Cipanas, Java; Tebing Tinggi, North Sumatra; Payakumbuh, West Sumatra.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C37886CDFF96F97B76F8CCCEFB0B4D66" pageId="36" pageNumber="539" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="8BDDD546FF96F97B76F8CCCEFB7B4EA7" blockId="36.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="36" pageNumber="539">
<taxonomicName id="4C62AEC5FF96F97B76F8CCCEFEEA4E72" box="[199,353,1015,1040]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Altica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="36" pageNumber="539" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cyanea">
<emphasis id="B9160954FF96F97B76F8CCCEFEEA4E72" box="[199,353,1015,1040]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="539">Altica cyanea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has been found feeding on
<taxonomicName id="4C62AEC5FF96F97B749FCCCEFC6D4E72" ID-CoL="5NML" box="[672,998,1015,1040]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Melastomataceae" genus="Melastoma" kingdom="Plantae" order="Myrtales" pageId="36" pageNumber="539" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9160954FF96F97B749FCCCEFC964E72" box="[672,797,1015,1040]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="539">Melastoma</emphasis>
(Melastomaceae)
</taxonomicName>
in Sumatra and Java (
<emphasis id="B9160954FF96F97B72D8CCC0FAC54E72" box="[1255,1358,1015,1040]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="539">pers. obs</emphasis>
.; label data, AMS). Published records of hosts for probably correctly identified
<taxonomicName id="4C62AEC5FF96F97B723FCB25FBFF4E56" box="[1024,1140,1052,1076]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Altica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="36" pageNumber="539" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cyanea">
<emphasis id="B9160954FF96F97B723FCB25FBFF4E56" box="[1024,1140,1052,1076]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="539">A. cyanea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
include only
<taxonomicName id="4C62AEC5FF96F97B7320CB25FA174E57" ID-CoL="5NML" box="[1311,1436,1052,1077]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Melastomataceae" genus="Melastoma" kingdom="Plantae" order="Myrtales" pageId="36" pageNumber="539" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9160954FF96F97B7320CB25FA174E57" box="[1311,1436,1052,1077]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="539">Melastoma</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFF3A8B7FF96F97B76A1CB06FE4B4E3A" author="Kamarudin" box="[158,448,1087,1112]" pageId="36" pageNumber="539" refString="Kamarudin, K. A. &amp; Shah, A. A. (1978) The potential of Haltica cyanea Weber (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) as a biological control agent of Melastoma malabathricum Linn. MARDI Research Bulletin, 6 (1), 15 - 24." type="journal article" year="1978">Kamarudin &amp; Shah 1978</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFF3A8B7FF96F97B77F2CB06FDB04E3A" author="Ooi" box="[461,571,1087,1112]" pageId="36" pageNumber="539" refString="Ooi, P. A. C. (1987) A Melastoma feeding chrysomelid beetle, Altica cyanea. Malayan Nature Journal, 41 (2 - 3), 379 - 382." type="journal article" year="1987">Ooi 1987</bibRefCitation>
). Mohammedsaid (2004) has also listed
<taxonomicName id="4C62AEC5FF96F97B7238CB06FB0F4E3A" ID-CoL="5NML" box="[1031,1156,1087,1112]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Melastomataceae" genus="Melastoma" kingdom="Plantae" order="Myrtales" pageId="36" pageNumber="539" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9160954FF96F97B7238CB06FB0F4E3A" box="[1031,1156,1087,1112]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="539">Melastoma</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
as the host of
<taxonomicName id="4C62AEC5FF96F97B7313CB79FA104E3A" box="[1324,1435,1088,1112]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Altica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="36" pageNumber="539" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cyanea">
<emphasis id="B9160954FF96F97B7313CB79FA104E3A" box="[1324,1435,1088,1112]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="539">A. cyanea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
but his entry for this species is a conflation of
<taxonomicName id="4C62AEC5FF96F97B748BCB5DFCAE4E1E" box="[692,805,1124,1148]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Altica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="36" pageNumber="539" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cyanea">
<emphasis id="B9160954FF96F97B748BCB5DFCAE4E1E" box="[692,805,1124,1148]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="539">A. cyanea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C62AEC5FF96F97B755ECB5DFC4E4E1E" box="[865,965,1124,1148]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Altica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="36" pageNumber="539" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aenea">
<emphasis id="B9160954FF96F97B755ECB5DFC4E4E1E" box="[865,965,1124,1148]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="539">A. aenea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
<taxonomicName id="4C62AEC5FF96F97B75EACB5DFA8D4E1F" ID-CoL="3ZD4V" box="[981,1286,1124,1149]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Melastomataceae" genus="Melastoma" kingdom="Plantae" order="Myrtales" pageId="36" pageNumber="539" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="malabathricum">
<emphasis id="B9160954FF96F97B75EACB5DFA8D4E1F" box="[981,1286,1124,1149]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="539">Melastoma malabathricum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is a weed in forestry plantations and
<taxonomicName id="4C62AEC5FF96F97B7799CBB1FD9F4EC2" box="[422,532,1160,1184]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Altica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="36" pageNumber="539" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cyanea">
<emphasis id="B9160954FF96F97B7799CBB1FD9F4EC2" box="[422,532,1160,1184]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="539">A. cyanea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has been proposed as a biocontrol agent for it (
<bibRefCitation id="EFF3A8B7FF96F97B7218CBBEFACE4EC2" author="Kamarudin" box="[1063,1349,1159,1184]" pageId="36" pageNumber="539" refString="Kamarudin, K. A. &amp; Shah, A. A. (1978) The potential of Haltica cyanea Weber (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) as a biological control agent of Melastoma malabathricum Linn. MARDI Research Bulletin, 6 (1), 15 - 24." type="journal article" year="1978">Kamarudin &amp; Shah 1978</bibRefCitation>
).
<taxonomicName id="4C62AEC5FF96F97B7366CBBEFF6D4EA6" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Altica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="36" pageNumber="539" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cyanea">
<emphasis id="B9160954FF96F97B7366CBBEFF6D4EA6" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="539">Altica cyanea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and its closest relative
<taxonomicName id="4C62AEC5FF96F97B77D3CB95FD1F4EA7" box="[492,660,1196,1221]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Altica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="36" pageNumber="539" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="birmanensis">
<emphasis id="B9160954FF96F97B77D3CB95FD1F4EA7" box="[492,660,1196,1221]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="539">A. birmanensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
have been collected together in Java (Dieng Plateau).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BDDD546FF96F97B76F8CBF6FB0B4D66" blockId="36.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="36" pageNumber="539">
<emphasis id="B9160954FF96F97B76F8CBF6FE1C4E8A" bold="true" box="[199,407,1231,1256]" pageId="36" pageNumber="539">Taxonomic notes.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C62AEC5FF96F97B77A1CBF6FD444E8A" authority="Weber, 1801" authorityName="Weber" authorityYear="1801" box="[414,719,1231,1256]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Altica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="36" pageNumber="539" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cyanea">
<emphasis id="B9160954FF96F97B77A1CBF6FDBC4E8A" box="[414,567,1231,1256]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="539">Altica cyanea</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFF3A8B7FF96F97B7400CBF6FD444E8A" author="Weber" box="[575,719,1231,1256]" pageId="36" pageNumber="539" refString="Weber, F. (1801) Observationes entomologicae, continentes novorum quae condidit generum characteres, et nuper detectarum specierum descriptiones. Bibliopolii Academici Novi, Kiliae, xii + 116 pp." type="book" year="1801">Weber, 1801</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, was described from material collected by the Danish naturalist Daldorff in Sumatra. In the same year Fabricius named
<taxonomicName id="4C62AEC5FF96F97B753DCBCDFCFB4F6E" box="[770,880,1268,1292]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Altica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="36" pageNumber="539" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cyanea">
<emphasis id="B9160954FF96F97B753DCBCDFCFB4F6E" box="[770,880,1268,1292]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="539">A. cyanea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from the same material (
<bibRefCitation id="EFF3A8B7FF96F97B72B8CBCDFAB94F6E" author="Fabricius" box="[1159,1330,1268,1293]" pageId="36" pageNumber="539" refString="Fabricius, J. C. (1801) Systema eleutheratorum secundum ordines, genera, species adiectis synonymis, locis, observationibus, descriptionibus. Tomus I. Bibliopolii Academici Novi, Kiliae, xxiv + 506 pp." type="book" year="1801">Fabricius 1801</bibRefCitation>
), without acknowledging Weber’s prior use of the name. Weber’s publication appeared at least by August and probably before March, 1801 (
<bibRefCitation id="EFF3A8B7FF96F97B77BECA05FDA64F36" author="Evenhuis" box="[385,557,1340,1365]" pageId="36" pageNumber="539" refString="Evenhuis, N. (1997) Litteratura taxonomica dipterorum (1758 - 1930). Vol. II. L - Z. Backhuys, Leiden, 445 pp. [pp. 427 - 871]" type="book chapter" year="1997">Evenhuis 1997</bibRefCitation>
; Y. Bousquet,
<emphasis id="B9160954FF96F97B74F2CA04FCC54F36" box="[717,846,1341,1364]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="539">pers. comm</emphasis>
. 2014), whereas Fabricius’ publication is not datable within 1801 and therefore should be dated
<date id="FFDCF386FF96F97B744CCA59FCCC4F1A" box="[627,839,1375,1400]" pageId="36" pageNumber="539" value="1801-12-31">31 December 1801</date>
(ICZN: Art. 21). Weber was Fabricius’ pupil and it is possible that pupil and master used the same name for the same insect without realising that each was going to publish it. Daldorff was a Danish Naval officer in the Danish East Indian Company, based in
<collectingCountry id="F37595D6FF96F97B72F3CA9EFAC74FA2" box="[1228,1356,1447,1472]" name="India" pageId="36" pageNumber="539">Tranquebar</collectingCountry>
on the east coast of
<collectingCountry id="F37595D6FF96F97B770ACAF5FEE54F87" box="[309,366,1484,1509]" name="India" pageId="36" pageNumber="539">India</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFF3A8B7FF96F97B77BFCAF5FDA34F86" author="Daldorff" box="[384,552,1484,1509]" pageId="36" pageNumber="539" refString="Daldorff, I. K. (1797) XIV. Natural history of Perca scandens. Transactions of the Linnean Society of London, 3 (1), 62 - 63." type="journal article" year="1797">Daldorff 1797</bibRefCitation>
), and is known to have visited Bencoolen [Bengkulu], the principle British trading port on the west coast of Sumatra in 1800 (
<bibRefCitation id="EFF3A8B7FF96F97B74EDCAC9FCEB4C6A" author="Heyne" box="[722,864,1520,1544]" pageId="36" pageNumber="539" refString="Heyne, B. (1814) Tracts, historical and statistical, on India; with journals of several tours through various parts of the peninsula: also, an account of Sumatra, in a series of letters. Baldwin, London, viii + 462 pp." type="book" year="1814">Heyne 1814</bibRefCitation>
). Therefore Daldorff’s material was probably from Bengkulu. Weber’s description was minimal: blue, but including a greenish variety, elytra punctate, similar and related to
<taxonomicName id="4C62AEC5FF96F97B7737C901FE014C32" box="[264,394,1591,1616]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Chrysomela" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="36" pageNumber="539" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="oleracea">
<emphasis id="B9160954FF96F97B7737C901FE014C32" box="[264,394,1591,1616]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="539">A. oleracea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
[from Europe] but more elongate, and with dense short grey pubescence on the venter. This description fits any of the three species of
<taxonomicName id="4C62AEC5FF96F97B74BEC965FD4F4C17" ID-CoL="SZK" box="[641,708,1628,1653]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Altica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="36" pageNumber="539" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9160954FF96F97B74BEC965FD4F4C17" box="[641,708,1628,1653]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="539">Altica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
known from Sumatra in collections. Fabricius’ description was also minimal: blue, shining, antennae and legs black, similar to
<taxonomicName id="4C62AEC5FF96F97B7557C9B9FC794CFA" box="[872,1010,1664,1688]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Altica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="36" pageNumber="539" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tamaricis">
<emphasis id="B9160954FF96F97B7557C9B9FC794CFA" box="[872,1010,1664,1688]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="539">A. tamaricis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
[from Europe] but slightly larger and abdomen black. Illiger in Berlin also had material from Daldorff and based on comparison of Weber and Fabricius’s descriptions with his material decided that two species were involved. He therefore renamed Fabricius’ junior homonym, using his emendation of the genus name:
<taxonomicName id="4C62AEC5FF96F97B750FC9D5FBF74D66" authority="Illiger, 1807" authorityName="Illiger" authorityYear="1807" box="[816,1148,1772,1797]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Haltica" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="36" pageNumber="539" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ianthina">
<emphasis id="B9160954FF96F97B750FC9D5FC624D67" box="[816,1001,1772,1797]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="539">Haltica ianthina</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFF3A8B7FF96F97B75CFC9D5FBF74D66" author="Illiger" box="[1008,1148,1772,1797]" pageId="36" pageNumber="539" refString="Illiger, K. (1807) Verzeichnis der Arten der Flohkafer, Halticae, in der Hellwig-Hoffmanseggischen Sammlung, mit Beschreibung der neuen und Bezeichnung der ubrigen Arten. Magazin fur Insektenkunde, 6, 81 - 177." type="journal article" year="1807">Illiger, 1807</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C37886CDFF96F97A76F8C836FBF0485F" lastPageId="37" lastPageNumber="540" pageId="36" pageNumber="539" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8BDDD546FF96F97B76F8C836FA174DBE" blockId="36.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="36" pageNumber="539">
Weber’s early beetle
<typeStatus id="54D96BE4FF96F97B778BC828FE644D4B" box="[436,495,1809,1833]" pageId="36" pageNumber="539">types</typeStatus>
were retained in Fabricius’ collection, housed in
<collectionCode id="ED734D83FF96F97B7223C828FBF94D4A" box="[1052,1138,1809,1832]" pageId="36" pageNumber="539">NHMD</collectionCode>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFF3A8B7FF96F97B72BEC829FAEF4D4A" author="Horn" box="[1153,1380,1807,1832]" pageId="36" pageNumber="539" refString="Horn, W. &amp; Kahle, I. (1937) Uber entomologische Sammlungen, Entomologen &amp; Entomo-Museologie. Teil III. Entomologische Beihefte, Berlin-Dahlem, 4, 297 - 536, plates 27 - 38." type="journal article" year="1937">Horn &amp; Kahle 1937</bibRefCitation>
) and there should be at least two
<typeStatus id="54D96BE4FF96F97B77E0C80CFDCF4D2F" box="[479,580,1845,1869]" pageId="36" pageNumber="539" type="syntype">syntypes</typeStatus>
, since a colour variety was mentioned. However, Gressitt claimed to have examined the
<typeStatus id="54D96BE4FF96F97B770BC860FE1D4D13" box="[308,406,1881,1905]" pageId="36" pageNumber="539" type="syntype">syntypes</typeStatus>
of
<taxonomicName id="4C62AEC5FF96F97B7785C861FDA34D12" box="[442,552,1880,1904]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Altica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="36" pageNumber="539" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cyanea">
<emphasis id="B9160954FF96F97B7785C861FDA34D12" box="[442,552,1880,1904]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="539">A. cyanea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in the Royal Scottish Museum (now
<collectionCode id="ED734D83FF96F97B75F6C861FB924D12" box="[969,1049,1880,1904]" pageId="36" pageNumber="539">NMSE</collectionCode>
) in
<collectingCountry id="F37595D6FF96F97B727BC86EFB2D4D12" box="[1092,1190,1879,1904]" name="United Kingdom" pageId="36" pageNumber="539">Scotland</collectingCountry>
in the 1950s (
<bibRefCitation id="EFF3A8B7FF96F97B737CC86EFEC14DF7" author="Gressitt" pageId="36" pageNumber="539" refString="Gressitt, J. L. &amp; Kimoto, S. (1961) The Chrysomelidae (Coleopt.) of China and Korea. Part 1. Pacific Insects Monograph, 1 A, 1 - 299." type="journal article" year="1961">Gressitt &amp; Kimoto 1961</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="EFF3A8B7FF96F97B7769C845FE194DF7" author="Gressitt" box="[342,402,1916,1941]" pageId="36" pageNumber="539" refString="Gressitt, J. L. &amp; Kimoto, S. (1963) The Chrysomelidae (Coleopt.) of China and Korea. Part 2. Pacific Insects Monograph, 1 B, 301 - 1026." type="journal article" year="1963">1963</bibRefCitation>
).
<bibRefCitation id="EFF3A8B7FF96F97B7799C845FDC64DF7" author="Scherer" box="[422,589,1916,1941]" pageId="36" pageNumber="539" refString="Scherer, G. (1969) Die Alticinae des Indischen Subkontinentes (Coleoptera - Chrysomelidae). Pacific Insects Monograph, 22, 1 - 251." type="journal article" year="1969">Scherer (1969)</bibRefCitation>
also listed
<collectionCode id="ED734D83FF96F97B74F3C845FC8C4DF6" box="[716,775,1916,1940]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/7sv4-pazk" name="Royal Saskatchewan Museum" pageId="36" pageNumber="539">RSM</collectionCode>
as repository of the
<typeStatus id="54D96BE4FF96F97B75D2C844FBA34DF7" box="[1005,1064,1917,1941]" pageId="36" pageNumber="539">types</typeStatus>
but without any evidence that he had seen the material (
<bibRefCitation id="EFF3A8B7FF96F97B77AEC899FDA04DDB" author="Scherer" box="[401,555,1952,1977]" pageId="36" pageNumber="539" refString="Scherer, G. (1969) Die Alticinae des Indischen Subkontinentes (Coleoptera - Chrysomelidae). Pacific Insects Monograph, 22, 1 - 251." type="journal article" year="1969">Scherer 1969</bibRefCitation>
). A search of the
<collectionCode id="ED734D83FF96F97B74D1C899FCB74DDA" box="[750,828,1952,1976]" pageId="36" pageNumber="539">NMSE</collectionCode>
collections has revealed that there are two
<typeStatus id="54D96BE4FF96F97B7323C898FAF54DDB" box="[1308,1406,1953,1977]" pageId="36" pageNumber="539" type="syntype">syntypes</typeStatus>
of
<taxonomicName id="4C62AEC5FF96F97B76A8C8FDFE694DBE" authority="Olivier, 1791" authorityName="Olivier" authorityYear="1791" box="[151,482,1988,2013]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Altica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="36" pageNumber="539" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="caerulea">
<emphasis id="B9160954FF96F97B76A8C8FDFECF4DBF" box="[151,324,1988,2013]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="539">Altica caerulea</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFF3A8B7FF96F97B7772C8FDFE694DBE" author="Olivier" box="[333,482,1988,2013]" pageId="36" pageNumber="539" refString="Olivier, A. G. (1791) Encyclopedie metodique, ou par ordre de matieres: par une societe de gens de lettres, de savans et d'artistes; precedee d'un vocabulaire universel, servant de table pour tout l'ouvrage, ornee des portraits de Mm. Diderot et d'Alembert, premiers editeurs de l'Encyclopedie. Histoire naturelle. Insectes. Tome sixieme. Pars 1. Panckoucke, Paris, 704 pp." type="book" year="1791">Olivier, 1791</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
(
<emphasis id="B9160954FF96F97B77CBC8FCFD9F4DBE" box="[500,532,1989,2012]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="539">q.v</emphasis>
.), but no Weber or Daldorff material (Richard Lyszkowski,
<emphasis id="B9160954FF96F97B72FEC8FCFACF4DBE" box="[1217,1348,1989,2012]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="539">pers. comm</emphasis>
. 2013).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BDDD546FF97F97A76A8CFA1FC034B7F" blockId="37.[151,1437,151,824]" pageId="37" pageNumber="540">
We think Gressitt muddled his notes when travelling around collections in Europe, and this error was simply copied by Scherer. There is a single specimen in
<collectionCode id="ED734D83FF97F97A7456CF84FD4A4AB6" box="[617,705,189,212]" pageId="37" pageNumber="540">NHMD</collectionCode>
, labelled as a
<typeStatus id="54D96BE4FF97F97A7561CF84FC054AB7" box="[862,910,189,213]" pageId="37" pageNumber="540">type</typeStatus>
of
<taxonomicName id="4C62AEC5FF97F97A758BCF85FAA04AB6" authority="Fabricius, 1801" authorityName="Fabricius" authorityYear="1801" box="[948,1323,188,213]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Galeruca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="37" pageNumber="540" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cyanea">
<emphasis id="B9160954FF97F97A758BCF85FBF84AB6" box="[948,1139,188,213]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="540">Galeruca cyanea</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFF3A8B7FF97F97A7244CF85FAA04AB6" author="Fabricius" box="[1147,1323,188,213]" pageId="37" pageNumber="540" refString="Fabricius, J. C. (1801) Systema eleutheratorum secundum ordines, genera, species adiectis synonymis, locis, observationibus, descriptionibus. Tomus I. Bibliopolii Academici Novi, Kiliae, xxiv + 506 pp." type="book" year="1801">Fabricius, 1801</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, collected by Dahldorff in Sumatra and there is a single early specimen in
<collectionCode id="ED734D83FF97F97A755DCFD9FC154A95" box="[866,926,224,247]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/8syf-d21i" name="Museum für Naturkunde Berlin (Zoological Collections)" pageId="37" pageNumber="540">ZMB</collectionCode>
standing as a
<typeStatus id="54D96BE4FF97F97A7202CFD9FBE64A9A" box="[1085,1133,224,248]" pageId="37" pageNumber="540">type</typeStatus>
of
<taxonomicName id="4C62AEC5FF97F97A72ADCFE6FF594B7E" authority="Illiger, 1807" authorityName="Illiger" authorityYear="1807" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Haltica" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="37" pageNumber="540" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ianthina">
<emphasis id="B9160954FF97F97A72ADCFE6FAC14A9A" box="[1170,1354,223,248]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="540">Haltica ianthina</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFF3A8B7FF97F97A736DCFE6FF594B7E" author="Illiger" pageId="37" pageNumber="540" refString="Illiger, K. (1807) Verzeichnis der Arten der Flohkafer, Halticae, in der Hellwig-Hoffmanseggischen Sammlung, mit Beschreibung der neuen und Bezeichnung der ubrigen Arten. Magazin fur Insektenkunde, 6, 81 - 177." type="journal article" year="1807">Illiger, 1807</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
. The handwritten label on the first appears to be by Fabricius.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BDDD546FF97F97A76F8CE1EFBF0485F" blockId="37.[151,1437,151,824]" pageId="37" pageNumber="540">
Documentation is lacking for the origins of these specimens in
<collectionCode id="ED734D83FF97F97A758CCE11FB834B5D" box="[947,1032,296,319]" pageId="37" pageNumber="540">NHMD</collectionCode>
and
<collectionCode id="ED734D83FF97F97A7277CE11FB0C4B5D" box="[1096,1159,296,319]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/8syf-d21i" name="Museum für Naturkunde Berlin (Zoological Collections)" pageId="37" pageNumber="540">ZMB</collectionCode>
, therefore at least three scenarios are possible: (i) these are the two
<typeStatus id="54D96BE4FF97F97A74BFCE74FD694B07" box="[640,738,333,357]" pageId="37" pageNumber="540" type="syntype">syntypes</typeStatus>
of Weber, one relabelled by Fabricius and the other relabelled by Illiger; (ii) the specimen in Copenhagen is one of Weber’s
<typeStatus id="54D96BE4FF97F97A757BCE49FC224BEA" box="[836,937,368,392]" pageId="37" pageNumber="540" type="syntype">syntypes</typeStatus>
, relabelled or also used by Fabricius, and the specimen in Berlin is not a
<typeStatus id="54D96BE4FF97F97A77EECEACFD8E4BCF" box="[465,517,405,429]" pageId="37" pageNumber="540">type</typeStatus>
; (iii) Weber’s
<typeStatus id="54D96BE4FF97F97A7497CEACFC814BCF" box="[680,778,405,429]" pageId="37" pageNumber="540" type="syntype">syntypes</typeStatus>
are missing and only Fabricius’ specimen remains. In the interests of reducing ambiguity for this species, we consider it reasonable to suppose that the same specimen was used by pupil (Weber) and master (Fabricius) and that this is the specimen in
<collectionCode id="ED734D83FF97F97A727CCEE4FB174B96" box="[1091,1180,477,500]" pageId="37" pageNumber="540">NHMD</collectionCode>
. Furthermore that the specimen in Berlin is from the same collection of material (by Daldorff) but has no
<typeStatus id="54D96BE4FF97F97A726CCD39FB08487A" box="[1107,1155,512,536]" pageId="37" pageNumber="540">type</typeStatus>
status. We designate the
<collectionCode id="ED734D83FF97F97A76A8CD1CFF67485E" box="[151,236,549,572]" pageId="37" pageNumber="540">NHMD</collectionCode>
specimen a
<typeStatus id="54D96BE4FF97F97A7748CD1DFE55485F" box="[375,478,548,573]" pageId="37" pageNumber="540" type="lectotype">lectotype</typeStatus>
of
<taxonomicName id="4C62AEC5FF97F97A743BCD1DFCD1485E" authority="Weber, 1801" authorityName="Weber" authorityYear="1801" box="[516,858,548,573]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Galeruca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="37" pageNumber="540" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cyanea">
<emphasis id="B9160954FF97F97A743BCD1DFD48485E" box="[516,707,548,573]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="540">Galeruca cyanea</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFF3A8B7FF97F97A74F4CD1DFCD1485E" author="Weber" box="[715,858,548,573]" pageId="37" pageNumber="540" refString="Weber, F. (1801) Observationes entomologicae, continentes novorum quae condidit generum characteres, et nuper detectarum specierum descriptiones. Bibliopolii Academici Novi, Kiliae, xii + 116 pp." type="book" year="1801">Weber, 1801</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, to cement this argument.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C37886CDFF97F97A76F8CD7EFC67495A" pageId="37" pageNumber="540" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="8BDDD546FF97F97A76F8CD7EFC67495A" blockId="37.[151,1437,151,824]" pageId="37" pageNumber="540">
<taxonomicName id="4C62AEC5FF97F97A76F8CD7EFEE84802" box="[199,355,583,608]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Altica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="37" pageNumber="540" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cyanea">
<emphasis id="B9160954FF97F97A76F8CD7EFEE84802" box="[199,355,583,608]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="540">Altica cyanea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has been confused with both
<taxonomicName id="4C62AEC5FF97F97A74FBCD71FCE44802" box="[708,879,583,608]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Altica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="37" pageNumber="540" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="birmanensis">
<emphasis id="B9160954FF97F97A74FBCD71FCE44802" box="[708,879,583,608]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="540">A. birmanensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C62AEC5FF97F97A7593CD71FBBB4802" box="[940,1072,583,608]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Altica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="37" pageNumber="540" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="caerulea">
<emphasis id="B9160954FF97F97A7593CD71FBBB4802" box="[940,1072,583,608]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="540">A. caerulea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
for most of the last 100 years.
<bibRefCitation id="EFF3A8B7FF97F97A76A8CD55FEB748E7" author="Maulik" box="[151,316,620,645]" pageId="37" pageNumber="540" refString="Maulik, S. (1926) The fauna of British India including Ceylon and Burma. Coleoptera. Chrysomelidae (Chrysomelinae and Halticinae). Taylor &amp; Francis, London, xiv + 442 pp." type="book" year="1926">Maulik (1926)</bibRefCitation>
synonymised
<taxonomicName id="4C62AEC5FF97F97A77DBCD55FDDD48E6" box="[484,598,620,644]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Altica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="37" pageNumber="540" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cyanea">
<emphasis id="B9160954FF97F97A77DBCD55FDDD48E6" box="[484,598,620,644]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="540">A. cyanea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C62AEC5FF97F97A74ACCD55FCB548E7" box="[659,830,620,645]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Altica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="37" pageNumber="540" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="birmanensis">
<emphasis id="B9160954FF97F97A74ACCD55FCB548E7" box="[659,830,620,645]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="540">A. birmanensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, followed by
<bibRefCitation id="EFF3A8B7FF97F97A75DCCD55FB0648E7" author="Scherer" box="[995,1165,620,645]" pageId="37" pageNumber="540" refString="Scherer, G. (1969) Die Alticinae des Indischen Subkontinentes (Coleoptera - Chrysomelidae). Pacific Insects Monograph, 22, 1 - 251." type="journal article" year="1969">Scherer (1969)</bibRefCitation>
and
<bibRefCitation id="EFF3A8B7FF97F97A72F5CD55FA1C48E6" author="Medvedev" box="[1226,1431,620,645]" pageId="37" pageNumber="540" refString="Medvedev, L. N. (2009) Alticinae of Indochina. KMK Scientific Press, Moscow, 224 pp." type="book" year="2009">Medvedev (2009)</bibRefCitation>
, although the two last authors based their arguments on misidentifications. Kimoto separated the species on the presence or absence of a lateral elytral groove (and keel) without mentioning genitalic characters (
<bibRefCitation id="EFF3A8B7FF97F97A72C3CD8DFF4E4892" author="Kimoto" pageId="37" pageNumber="540" refString="Kimoto, S. (2000) Chrysomelidae (Coleoptera) of Thailand, Cambodia, Laos and Vietnam. VII. Alticinae. Bulletin of the Institute of comparative Studies of International Cultures and Societies, 26, 103 - 299." type="journal article" year="2000">Kimoto 2000: 256</bibRefCitation>
). This character is useful but the genitalia are the only reliable diagnostic features.
<taxonomicName id="4C62AEC5FF97F97A72A9CDEEFAB84892" box="[1174,1331,727,752]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Altica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="37" pageNumber="540" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cyanea">
<emphasis id="B9160954FF97F97A72A9CDEEFAB84892" box="[1174,1331,727,752]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="540">Altica cyanea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is found wholly within the range of
<emphasis id="B9160954FF97F97A77F0CDC5FD0B4977" box="[463,640,764,789]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="540">
<taxonomicName id="4C62AEC5FF97F97A77F0CDC5FDF74977" box="[463,636,764,789]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Altica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="37" pageNumber="540" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="birmanensis">A. birmanensis</taxonomicName>
,
</emphasis>
which suggests the possibility that it is a divergent population within that species. Further work is needed to determine the status of these species.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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