treatments-xml/data/03/B0/87/03B087BAFF83FFD5F5F517EC43DAFAE6.xml

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<mods:title id="106B87CFABED5FDC19F38F725F505B5A">The species of the Chthonius heterodactylus group (Arachnida, Pseudoscorpiones, Chthoniidae) from the eastern Alps and the Carpathians</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="B7B281358CBE64EAFCC1767FD4468065">Gardini, Giulio</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="253B0F031C2B25D3C503C91376118920">c / o DISTAV, Università degli Studi, corso Europa 26, I- 16132 Genova, Italy.</mods:affiliation>
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<treatment id="03B087BAFF83FFD5F5F517EC43DAFAE6" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6128238" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119594114" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6128238" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03B087BAFF83FFD5F5F517EC43DAFAE6" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B087BAFF83FFD5F5F517EC43DAFAE6" lastPageNumber="103" pageId="2" pageNumber="103">
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Key to adults of species of the 
<taxonomicName id="4C194D2FFF83FFD5F76D17E345D6FF62" ID-CoL="V3C8" ID-ENA="3022575" authority="C.L. Koch, 1843" authorityName="C.L. Koch" authorityYear="1843" box="[527,919,151,178]" class="Arachnida" family="Chthoniidae" genus="Chthonius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pseudoscorpiones" pageId="2" pageNumber="103" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="speciesGroup" species="heterodactylus" subGenus="Chthonius">
<emphasis id="B96DEABEFF83FFD5F76D17E34507FF61" bold="true" box="[527,838,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="103">Chthonius heterodactylus</emphasis>
group
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from the eastern Alps and the Carpathians
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1. Epigean or endogean eyed species, rarely with slightly troglomorphic facies; carapace with 18 macrosetae: anterior row with or without preocular microsetae, ocular row with 6 macrosetae (
<figureCitation id="13222A29FF83FFD5F639166A45F2FEE3" box="[859,947,286,307]" captionStart="FIGURES 1 – 11" captionStartId="5.[151,264,1861,1884]" captionTargetBox="[231,1359,205,1819]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[226,1360,195,1837]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURES 1 – 11. Chthonius (C.) cavernarum Ellingsen, 1909. 1 – 3, Anterior margin of carapace of ♂ (Slovenia) (1), ♀ (Slovenia) (2) and ♂ (Italy) (3). 4 – 5, Anterolateral portion of carapace of ♂ (Slovenia) (4) and ♂ (Italy) (5). 6 – 8, Right chelicera of ♂ (Slovenia) (6), ♀ (Slovenia) (7) and ♂ (Italy) (8). 9 – 11, Right chela, lateral view, of ♂ (Slovenia) (9), ♀ (Slovenia) (10) and ♂ (Italy) (11). Figures 1, 2, 4, 6 – 7, 9 – 10: adults from Slovenia, Sviščaki; 3, 5, 8, 11: male from Italy, Grotta di Monteprato." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/228059/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="103">Figs 4–5</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="13222A29FF83FFD5F6DD166A4598FEE3" box="[959,985,286,307]" captionStart="FIGURES 12 – 19" captionStartId="8.[151,264,1944,1967]" captionTargetBox="[226,1359,565,1900]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[209,1382,561,1910]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURES 12 – 19. Chthonius (C.) heterodactylus Tömösváry, 1882, adults from Slovakia, Mt. Vihorlat, no. 27.583. 12 – 13, Anterior margin of carapace of ♂ (12) and ♀ (13). 14, Anterolateral portion of carapace of ♂. 15 – 16, Right chelicera of ♂ (15) and ♀ (16). 17, Genital opening of ♂. 18 – 19, Right chela, lateral view, of ♂ (18) and ♀ (19)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/228060/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="103">14</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="13222A29FF83FFD5F684166A4241FEE3" box="[998,1024,286,307]" captionStart="FIGURES 82 – 89" captionStartId="27.[151,264,1868,1891]" captionTargetBox="[251,1339,207,1835]" captionTargetId="figure@27.[226,1360,193,1848]" captionTargetPageId="27" captionText="FIGURES 82 – 89. Chthonius (C.) raridentatus Hadži, 1930. 82, Anterior margin of carapace of ♀ (Slovenia, Urhova jama). 83, Anterolateral portion of carapace of ♀ (Slovenia, Urhova jama). 84, Right chelicera of ♀ (Slovenia, Urhova jama). 85 – 89, Right chela, lateral view, of ♀ (Slovenia, Urhova jama) (85), ♂ (Slovenia, Ponikva) (86), ♀ (Slovenia, Ponikva) (87), ♂ (Slovenia, Kočevje) (88) and ♀ (Slovenia, Kočevje) (89). Figures 82 – 85: female from Slovenia, Urhova jama; 86 – 87: adults from Slovenia, Ponikva; 88 – 89: adults from Slovenia, Kočevje." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/228067/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="103">83</figureCitation>
); tergites I–II with 4 setae each; movable chelal finger with 16–38 reclined (
<figureCitation id="13222A29FF83FFD5F756164F44E4FE80" box="[564,677,315,336]" captionStart="FIGURES 20 – 26" captionStartId="10.[151,264,1667,1690]" captionTargetBox="[240,1334,217,1665]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[225,1359,195,1671]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURES 20 – 26. Chthonius (C.) heterodactylus Tömösváry, 1882. 20, Anterior margin of carapace of ♂ (Romania, Mehádia). 21, Lateral portion of carapace of ♂ (Romania, Mehádia). 22, Left chelicera of ♂ (Romania, Mehádia). 23 – 26, Right chela, lateral view, of ♂ (Romania, Mehádia) (23), ♂ (Romania, Casa de Piatra) (24), ♀ (Romania, Casa de Piatra) (25) and ♀ (Romania, Jara) (26). Figures 20 – 23: male syntype of C. diophthalmus, Romania, Mehádia; 24 – 25: adults from Romania, Casa de Piatra; 26: female holotype of C. leruthi, Romania, Jara." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/228061/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="103">Figs 23–26</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="13222A29FF83FFD5F7D2164F44AFFE80" box="[688,750,315,336]" captionStart="FIGURES 75 – 81" captionStartId="26.[151,264,1913,1936]" captionTargetBox="[286,1302,473,1849]" captionTargetId="figure@26.[240,1337,461,1886]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="FIGURES 75 – 81. Chthonius (C.) raridentatus Hadži, 1930. 75 – 76, Anterior margin of carapace of ♂ (holotype) (75) and ♀ (paratype) (76). 77, Anterolateral portion of carapace ♂ (holotype). 78 – 79, Right chelicera of ♂ (holotype) (78) and ♀ (paratype) (79). 80 – 81, Right chela, lateral view, of ♂ (holotype) (80) and ♀ (paratype) (81). Figures 75, 77 – 78, 80: male holotype of C. brandmayri, Slovenia, Mt. Slavnik; 76, 79, 81: female paratype of C. brandmayri, Slovenia, Mt. Slavnik." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/228066/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="103">80–81</figureCitation>
) or partially erect teeth (
<figureCitation id="13222A29FF83FFD5F681164F4206FE80" box="[995,1095,315,336]" captionStart="FIGURES 1 – 11" captionStartId="5.[151,264,1861,1884]" captionTargetBox="[231,1359,205,1819]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[226,1360,195,1837]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURES 1 – 11. Chthonius (C.) cavernarum Ellingsen, 1909. 1 – 3, Anterior margin of carapace of ♂ (Slovenia) (1), ♀ (Slovenia) (2) and ♂ (Italy) (3). 4 – 5, Anterolateral portion of carapace of ♂ (Slovenia) (4) and ♂ (Italy) (5). 6 – 8, Right chelicera of ♂ (Slovenia) (6), ♀ (Slovenia) (7) and ♂ (Italy) (8). 9 – 11, Right chela, lateral view, of ♂ (Slovenia) (9), ♀ (Slovenia) (10) and ♂ (Italy) (11). Figures 1, 2, 4, 6 – 7, 9 – 10: adults from Slovenia, Sviščaki; 3, 5, 8, 11: male from Italy, Grotta di Monteprato." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/228059/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="103">Figs 9–11</figureCitation>
); chela 4.8–6.9 (♂) or 4.3–5.9 (♀) times as long as deep, ratio of pedipalpal femur/carapace 1.15–1.98 (♂♀)........................................ 2
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- Hypogean anophthalmic species with strongly troglomorphic facies; carapace with 16 macrosetae: chaetotaxy 4:m 
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:4:2:2(18), rarely m 
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:4:4:2:2(18), lateral microsetae with variable position from ocular to anterior row; ocular row with 4 macrosetae (
<figureCitation id="13222A29FF83FFD5F4FD16C547A9FE16" box="[415,488,433,454]" captionStart="FIGURES 42 – 49" captionStartId="19.[151,264,1831,1854]" captionTargetBox="[264,1289,299,1800]" captionTargetId="figure@19.[245,1299,281,1818]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="FIGURES 42 – 49. Chthonius (C.) lessiniensis Schawaller, 1982. 42 – 43, Anterior margin of carapace of ♂ (42) and ♀ (43) (Italy, Grotta di Monte Capriolo). 44, Anterolateral portion of carapace of ♂ (Italy, Grotta di Monte Capriolo). 45 – 46, Right chelicera of ♂ (45) and ♀ (46) (Italy, Grotta di Monte Capriolo). 47, Fingers of right chelicera of ♂ (Italy, Grotta Bortolomiol). 48 – 49, Right chela, lateral view, of ♂ (movable finger with teratological dentition) (48) and ♀ (movable finger with normal dentition) (49) (Italy, Grotta di Monte Capriolo). Figures 42 – 46, 48 – 49: adults from Italy, Grotta di Monte Capriolo; 47: male from Italy, Grotta Bortolomiol." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/228062/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="103">Fig. 44</figureCitation>
); tergites I–II with 2 setae each; movable chelal finger with 35–54 contiguous, reclined triangular teeth (
<figureCitation id="13222A29FF83FFD5F47E16BA47CDFE33" box="[284,396,462,483]" captionStart="FIGURES 42 – 49" captionStartId="19.[151,264,1831,1854]" captionTargetBox="[264,1289,299,1800]" captionTargetId="figure@19.[245,1299,281,1818]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="FIGURES 42 – 49. Chthonius (C.) lessiniensis Schawaller, 1982. 42 – 43, Anterior margin of carapace of ♂ (42) and ♀ (43) (Italy, Grotta di Monte Capriolo). 44, Anterolateral portion of carapace of ♂ (Italy, Grotta di Monte Capriolo). 45 – 46, Right chelicera of ♂ (45) and ♀ (46) (Italy, Grotta di Monte Capriolo). 47, Fingers of right chelicera of ♂ (Italy, Grotta Bortolomiol). 48 – 49, Right chela, lateral view, of ♂ (movable finger with teratological dentition) (48) and ♀ (movable finger with normal dentition) (49) (Italy, Grotta di Monte Capriolo). Figures 42 – 46, 48 – 49: adults from Italy, Grotta di Monte Capriolo; 47: male from Italy, Grotta Bortolomiol." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/228062/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="103">Figs 48–49</figureCitation>
); pedipalps usually more slender: chela 6.6–7.6 (♂) or 6.1–7.3 (♀) times as long as deep, ratio of pedipalpal femur/carapace 1.75–2.15 (♂♀)................................................. 
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<emphasis id="B96DEABEFF83FFD5F105169F42B1FDD0" box="[1127,1264,491,512]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="103">C. lessiniensis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF884B5DFF83FFD5F194169F43DDFDD0" author="Schawaller, W." box="[1270,1436,491,512]" firstAuthor="Schawaller" journalOrPublisher="Bollettino della Societa Entomologica Italiana" pageId="2" pageNumber="103" pagination="49 - 55" part="114" refId="ref37834" refString="Schawaller, W. (1982) Eine neue hohlenbewohnende Chthonius - Art aus den italienischen Sudalpen. Bollettino della Societa Entomologica Italiana, 114, 49 - 55." title="Eine neue hohlenbewohnende Chthonius - Art aus den italienischen Sudalpen" type="journal article" year="1982">Schawaller, 1982</bibRefCitation>
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2. Fixed chelal finger with distal paraxial seta gradually acuminate and curved, not thickened or only weakly so (
<figureCitation id="13222A29FF83FFD5F045157D43D6FDCE" box="[1319,1431,521,542]" captionStart="FIGURES 12 – 19" captionStartId="8.[151,264,1944,1967]" captionTargetBox="[226,1359,565,1900]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[209,1382,561,1910]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURES 12 – 19. Chthonius (C.) heterodactylus Tömösváry, 1882, adults from Slovakia, Mt. Vihorlat, no. 27.583. 12 – 13, Anterior margin of carapace of ♂ (12) and ♀ (13). 14, Anterolateral portion of carapace of ♂. 15 – 16, Right chelicera of ♂ (15) and ♀ (16). 17, Genital opening of ♂. 18 – 19, Right chela, lateral view, of ♂ (18) and ♀ (19)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/228060/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="103">Figs 18–19</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="13222A29FF83FFD5F5831552475EFDEB" box="[225,287,550,571]" captionStart="FIGURES 20 – 26" captionStartId="10.[151,264,1667,1690]" captionTargetBox="[240,1334,217,1665]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[225,1359,195,1671]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURES 20 – 26. Chthonius (C.) heterodactylus Tömösváry, 1882. 20, Anterior margin of carapace of ♂ (Romania, Mehádia). 21, Lateral portion of carapace of ♂ (Romania, Mehádia). 22, Left chelicera of ♂ (Romania, Mehádia). 23 – 26, Right chela, lateral view, of ♂ (Romania, Mehádia) (23), ♂ (Romania, Casa de Piatra) (24), ♀ (Romania, Casa de Piatra) (25) and ♀ (Romania, Jara) (26). Figures 20 – 23: male syntype of C. diophthalmus, Romania, Mehádia; 24 – 25: adults from Romania, Casa de Piatra; 26: female holotype of C. leruthi, Romania, Jara." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/228061/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="103">24–26</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="13222A29FF83FFD5F4481552472BFDEB" box="[298,362,550,571]" captionStart="FIGURES 50 – 58" captionStartId="22.[151,264,1628,1651]" captionTargetBox="[255,1332,407,1626]" captionTargetId="figure@22.[226,1360,378,1638]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="FIGURES 50 – 58. Chthonius (C.) pusillus Beier, 1947. 50 – 52, Anterior margin of carapace of ♂ (Austria) (50), ♀ (Austria) (51) and ♂ (Slovenia) (52). 53, Anterolateral portion of carapace of ♂ (Austria). 54 – 55, Right chelicera of ♂ (54) and ♀ (55) (Austria). 56 – 58, Right chela, lateral view, of ♂ (Austria) (56), ♀ (Austria) (57) and ♂ (Slovenia) (58). Figures 50 – 51, 53 – 57: adults from Austria, Weizklamm; 52, 58: male from Slovenia, Šturmova graba." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/228063/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="103">56–58</figureCitation>
); carapace with (
<figureCitation id="13222A29FF83FFD5F772155244C1FDEB" box="[528,640,550,571]" captionStart="FIGURES 12 – 19" captionStartId="8.[151,264,1944,1967]" captionTargetBox="[226,1359,565,1900]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[209,1382,561,1910]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURES 12 – 19. Chthonius (C.) heterodactylus Tömösváry, 1882, adults from Slovakia, Mt. Vihorlat, no. 27.583. 12 – 13, Anterior margin of carapace of ♂ (12) and ♀ (13). 14, Anterolateral portion of carapace of ♂. 15 – 16, Right chelicera of ♂ (15) and ♀ (16). 17, Genital opening of ♂. 18 – 19, Right chela, lateral view, of ♂ (18) and ♀ (19)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/228060/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="103">Figs 12–13</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="13222A29FF83FFD5F7E9155244E5FDEB" box="[651,676,550,571]" captionStart="FIGURES 20 – 26" captionStartId="10.[151,264,1667,1690]" captionTargetBox="[240,1334,217,1665]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[225,1359,195,1671]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURES 20 – 26. Chthonius (C.) heterodactylus Tömösváry, 1882. 20, Anterior margin of carapace of ♂ (Romania, Mehádia). 21, Lateral portion of carapace of ♂ (Romania, Mehádia). 22, Left chelicera of ♂ (Romania, Mehádia). 23 – 26, Right chela, lateral view, of ♂ (Romania, Mehádia) (23), ♂ (Romania, Casa de Piatra) (24), ♀ (Romania, Casa de Piatra) (25) and ♀ (Romania, Jara) (26). Figures 20 – 23: male syntype of C. diophthalmus, Romania, Mehádia; 24 – 25: adults from Romania, Casa de Piatra; 26: female holotype of C. leruthi, Romania, Jara." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/228061/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="103">20</figureCitation>
) or without (
<figureCitation id="13222A29FF83FFD5F647155245D5FDEB" box="[805,916,550,571]" captionStart="FIGURES 50 – 58" captionStartId="22.[151,264,1628,1651]" captionTargetBox="[255,1332,407,1626]" captionTargetId="figure@22.[226,1360,378,1638]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="FIGURES 50 – 58. Chthonius (C.) pusillus Beier, 1947. 50 – 52, Anterior margin of carapace of ♂ (Austria) (50), ♀ (Austria) (51) and ♂ (Slovenia) (52). 53, Anterolateral portion of carapace of ♂ (Austria). 54 – 55, Right chelicera of ♂ (54) and ♀ (55) (Austria). 56 – 58, Right chela, lateral view, of ♂ (Austria) (56), ♀ (Austria) (57) and ♂ (Slovenia) (58). Figures 50 – 51, 53 – 57: adults from Austria, Weizklamm; 52, 58: male from Slovenia, Šturmova graba." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/228063/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="103">Figs 50–52</figureCitation>
) epistome and with 1 or 2 lateral microsetae on each side of anterior row and usually 1 lateral microseta on each side of posterior row; fixed chelal finger usually without intercalary microdenticles (
<figureCitation id="13222A29FF83FFD5F4C415154454FDA6" box="[422,533,609,630]" captionStart="FIGURES 20 – 26" captionStartId="10.[151,264,1667,1690]" captionTargetBox="[240,1334,217,1665]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[225,1359,195,1671]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURES 20 – 26. Chthonius (C.) heterodactylus Tömösváry, 1882. 20, Anterior margin of carapace of ♂ (Romania, Mehádia). 21, Lateral portion of carapace of ♂ (Romania, Mehádia). 22, Left chelicera of ♂ (Romania, Mehádia). 23 – 26, Right chela, lateral view, of ♂ (Romania, Mehádia) (23), ♂ (Romania, Casa de Piatra) (24), ♀ (Romania, Casa de Piatra) (25) and ♀ (Romania, Jara) (26). Figures 20 – 23: male syntype of C. diophthalmus, Romania, Mehádia; 24 – 25: adults from Romania, Casa de Piatra; 26: female holotype of C. leruthi, Romania, Jara." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/228061/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="103">Figs 23–26</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="13222A29FF83FFD5F77C1515441DFDA6" box="[542,604,609,630]" captionStart="FIGURES 50 – 58" captionStartId="22.[151,264,1628,1651]" captionTargetBox="[255,1332,407,1626]" captionTargetId="figure@22.[226,1360,378,1638]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="FIGURES 50 – 58. Chthonius (C.) pusillus Beier, 1947. 50 – 52, Anterior margin of carapace of ♂ (Austria) (50), ♀ (Austria) (51) and ♂ (Slovenia) (52). 53, Anterolateral portion of carapace of ♂ (Austria). 54 – 55, Right chelicera of ♂ (54) and ♀ (55) (Austria). 56 – 58, Right chela, lateral view, of ♂ (Austria) (56), ♀ (Austria) (57) and ♂ (Slovenia) (58). Figures 50 – 51, 53 – 57: adults from Austria, Weizklamm; 52, 58: male from Slovenia, Šturmova graba." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/228063/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="103">56–58</figureCitation>
).................................................................. 3
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA636ACFF83FFD5F5F5150A43DAFD1E" blockId="2.[151,1436,257,1334]" pageId="2" pageNumber="103">
<keyLead id="30E89599FF83FFD5F5F5150A43DAFD1E" pageId="2" pageNumber="103">
- Fixed chelal finger with distal paraxial seta spatulate, thickened in the middle (
<figureCitation id="13222A29FF83FFD5F6BE150A427EFD43" box="[988,1087,638,659]" captionStart="FIGURES 1 – 11" captionStartId="5.[151,264,1861,1884]" captionTargetBox="[231,1359,205,1819]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[226,1360,195,1837]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURES 1 – 11. Chthonius (C.) cavernarum Ellingsen, 1909. 1 – 3, Anterior margin of carapace of ♂ (Slovenia) (1), ♀ (Slovenia) (2) and ♂ (Italy) (3). 4 – 5, Anterolateral portion of carapace of ♂ (Slovenia) (4) and ♂ (Italy) (5). 6 – 8, Right chelicera of ♂ (Slovenia) (6), ♀ (Slovenia) (7) and ♂ (Italy) (8). 9 – 11, Right chela, lateral view, of ♂ (Slovenia) (9), ♀ (Slovenia) (10) and ♂ (Italy) (11). Figures 1, 2, 4, 6 – 7, 9 – 10: adults from Slovenia, Sviščaki; 3, 5, 8, 11: male from Italy, Grotta di Monteprato." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/228059/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="103">Figs 9–10</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="13222A29FF83FFD5F12B150A42C8FD43" box="[1097,1161,638,659]" captionStart="FIGURES 75 – 81" captionStartId="26.[151,264,1913,1936]" captionTargetBox="[286,1302,473,1849]" captionTargetId="figure@26.[240,1337,461,1886]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="FIGURES 75 – 81. Chthonius (C.) raridentatus Hadži, 1930. 75 – 76, Anterior margin of carapace of ♂ (holotype) (75) and ♀ (paratype) (76). 77, Anterolateral portion of carapace ♂ (holotype). 78 – 79, Right chelicera of ♂ (holotype) (78) and ♀ (paratype) (79). 80 – 81, Right chela, lateral view, of ♂ (holotype) (80) and ♀ (paratype) (81). Figures 75, 77 – 78, 80: male holotype of C. brandmayri, Slovenia, Mt. Slavnik; 76, 79, 81: female paratype of C. brandmayri, Slovenia, Mt. Slavnik." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/228066/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="103">80–81</figureCitation>
); carapace without epistome (
<figureCitation id="13222A29FF83FFD5F58515E8477CFD61" box="[231,317,668,689]" captionStart="FIGURES 1 – 11" captionStartId="5.[151,264,1861,1884]" captionTargetBox="[231,1359,205,1819]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[226,1360,195,1837]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURES 1 – 11. Chthonius (C.) cavernarum Ellingsen, 1909. 1 – 3, Anterior margin of carapace of ♂ (Slovenia) (1), ♀ (Slovenia) (2) and ♂ (Italy) (3). 4 – 5, Anterolateral portion of carapace of ♂ (Slovenia) (4) and ♂ (Italy) (5). 6 – 8, Right chelicera of ♂ (Slovenia) (6), ♀ (Slovenia) (7) and ♂ (Italy) (8). 9 – 11, Right chela, lateral view, of ♂ (Slovenia) (9), ♀ (Slovenia) (10) and ♂ (Italy) (11). Figures 1, 2, 4, 6 – 7, 9 – 10: adults from Slovenia, Sviščaki; 3, 5, 8, 11: male from Italy, Grotta di Monteprato." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/228059/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="103">Figs 1–3</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="13222A29FF83FFD5F42B15E847C7FD61" box="[329,390,668,689]" captionStart="FIGURES 75 – 81" captionStartId="26.[151,264,1913,1936]" captionTargetBox="[286,1302,473,1849]" captionTargetId="figure@26.[240,1337,461,1886]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="FIGURES 75 – 81. Chthonius (C.) raridentatus Hadži, 1930. 75 – 76, Anterior margin of carapace of ♂ (holotype) (75) and ♀ (paratype) (76). 77, Anterolateral portion of carapace ♂ (holotype). 78 – 79, Right chelicera of ♂ (holotype) (78) and ♀ (paratype) (79). 80 – 81, Right chela, lateral view, of ♂ (holotype) (80) and ♀ (paratype) (81). Figures 75, 77 – 78, 80: male holotype of C. brandmayri, Slovenia, Mt. Slavnik; 76, 79, 81: female paratype of C. brandmayri, Slovenia, Mt. Slavnik." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/228066/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="103">75–76</figureCitation>
) and usually without lateral microsetae on anterior and posterior rows; fixed chelal finger usually with intercalary microdenticles (
<figureCitation id="13222A29FF83FFD5F4D915CD445FFD1E" box="[443,542,697,718]" captionStart="FIGURES 1 – 11" captionStartId="5.[151,264,1861,1884]" captionTargetBox="[231,1359,205,1819]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[226,1360,195,1837]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURES 1 – 11. Chthonius (C.) cavernarum Ellingsen, 1909. 1 – 3, Anterior margin of carapace of ♂ (Slovenia) (1), ♀ (Slovenia) (2) and ♂ (Italy) (3). 4 – 5, Anterolateral portion of carapace of ♂ (Slovenia) (4) and ♂ (Italy) (5). 6 – 8, Right chelicera of ♂ (Slovenia) (6), ♀ (Slovenia) (7) and ♂ (Italy) (8). 9 – 11, Right chela, lateral view, of ♂ (Slovenia) (9), ♀ (Slovenia) (10) and ♂ (Italy) (11). Figures 1, 2, 4, 6 – 7, 9 – 10: adults from Slovenia, Sviščaki; 3, 5, 8, 11: male from Italy, Grotta di Monteprato." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/228059/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="103">Figs 9–10</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="13222A29FF83FFD5F74A15CD4424FD1E" box="[552,613,697,718]" captionStart="FIGURES 82 – 89" captionStartId="27.[151,264,1868,1891]" captionTargetBox="[251,1339,207,1835]" captionTargetId="figure@27.[226,1360,193,1848]" captionTargetPageId="27" captionText="FIGURES 82 – 89. Chthonius (C.) raridentatus Hadži, 1930. 82, Anterior margin of carapace of ♀ (Slovenia, Urhova jama). 83, Anterolateral portion of carapace of ♀ (Slovenia, Urhova jama). 84, Right chelicera of ♀ (Slovenia, Urhova jama). 85 – 89, Right chela, lateral view, of ♀ (Slovenia, Urhova jama) (85), ♂ (Slovenia, Ponikva) (86), ♀ (Slovenia, Ponikva) (87), ♂ (Slovenia, Kočevje) (88) and ♀ (Slovenia, Kočevje) (89). Figures 82 – 85: female from Slovenia, Urhova jama; 86 – 87: adults from Slovenia, Ponikva; 88 – 89: adults from Slovenia, Kočevje." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/228067/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="103">86–87</figureCitation>
)................................................................. 5
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</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="30ED2E09FF83FFD5F5F515A243DDFC69" pageId="2" pageNumber="103">
<paragraph id="8BA636ACFF83FFD5F5F515A243DAFC93" blockId="2.[151,1436,257,1334]" pageId="2" pageNumber="103">
<keyLead id="30E89599FF83FFD5F5F515A243DAFC93" pageId="2" pageNumber="103">
3. Carapace with epistome (
<figureCitation id="13222A29FF83FFD5F4B615A24402FD3B" box="[468,579,726,747]" captionStart="FIGURES 12 – 19" captionStartId="8.[151,264,1944,1967]" captionTargetBox="[226,1359,565,1900]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[209,1382,561,1910]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURES 12 – 19. Chthonius (C.) heterodactylus Tömösváry, 1882, adults from Slovakia, Mt. Vihorlat, no. 27.583. 12 – 13, Anterior margin of carapace of ♂ (12) and ♀ (13). 14, Anterolateral portion of carapace of ♂. 15 – 16, Right chelicera of ♂ (15) and ♀ (16). 17, Genital opening of ♂. 18 – 19, Right chela, lateral view, of ♂ (18) and ♀ (19)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/228060/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="103">Figs 12–13</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="13222A29FF83FFD5F72F15A24427FD3B" box="[589,614,726,747]" captionStart="FIGURES 20 – 26" captionStartId="10.[151,264,1667,1690]" captionTargetBox="[240,1334,217,1665]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[225,1359,195,1671]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURES 20 – 26. Chthonius (C.) heterodactylus Tömösváry, 1882. 20, Anterior margin of carapace of ♂ (Romania, Mehádia). 21, Lateral portion of carapace of ♂ (Romania, Mehádia). 22, Left chelicera of ♂ (Romania, Mehádia). 23 – 26, Right chela, lateral view, of ♂ (Romania, Mehádia) (23), ♂ (Romania, Casa de Piatra) (24), ♀ (Romania, Casa de Piatra) (25) and ♀ (Romania, Jara) (26). Figures 20 – 23: male syntype of C. diophthalmus, Romania, Mehádia; 24 – 25: adults from Romania, Casa de Piatra; 26: female holotype of C. leruthi, Romania, Jara." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/228061/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="103">20</figureCitation>
) and with two lateral microsetae on each side in anterior row (
<figureCitation id="13222A29FF83FFD5F1A215A2434AFD3B" box="[1216,1291,726,747]" captionStart="FIGURES 12 – 19" captionStartId="8.[151,264,1944,1967]" captionTargetBox="[226,1359,565,1900]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[209,1382,561,1910]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURES 12 – 19. Chthonius (C.) heterodactylus Tömösváry, 1882, adults from Slovakia, Mt. Vihorlat, no. 27.583. 12 – 13, Anterior margin of carapace of ♂ (12) and ♀ (13). 14, Anterolateral portion of carapace of ♂. 15 – 16, Right chelicera of ♂ (15) and ♀ (16). 17, Genital opening of ♂. 18 – 19, Right chela, lateral view, of ♂ (18) and ♀ (19)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/228060/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="103">Figs 14</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="13222A29FF83FFD5F07715A2436EFD3B" box="[1301,1327,726,747]" captionStart="FIGURES 20 – 26" captionStartId="10.[151,264,1667,1690]" captionTargetBox="[240,1334,217,1665]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[225,1359,195,1671]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURES 20 – 26. Chthonius (C.) heterodactylus Tömösváry, 1882. 20, Anterior margin of carapace of ♂ (Romania, Mehádia). 21, Lateral portion of carapace of ♂ (Romania, Mehádia). 22, Left chelicera of ♂ (Romania, Mehádia). 23 – 26, Right chela, lateral view, of ♂ (Romania, Mehádia) (23), ♂ (Romania, Casa de Piatra) (24), ♀ (Romania, Casa de Piatra) (25) and ♀ (Romania, Jara) (26). Figures 20 – 23: male syntype of C. diophthalmus, Romania, Mehádia; 24 – 25: adults from Romania, Casa de Piatra; 26: female holotype of C. leruthi, Romania, Jara." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/228061/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="103">21</figureCitation>
); fixed and movable chelal fingers respectively with 18–50 and 18–38 teeth; fixed chelal finger with distal paraxial seta gradually sharp and curved, not enlarged (
<figureCitation id="13222A29FF83FFD5F48214654411FCF6" box="[480,592,785,806]" captionStart="FIGURES 12 – 19" captionStartId="8.[151,264,1944,1967]" captionTargetBox="[226,1359,565,1900]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[209,1382,561,1910]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURES 12 – 19. Chthonius (C.) heterodactylus Tömösváry, 1882, adults from Slovakia, Mt. Vihorlat, no. 27.583. 12 – 13, Anterior margin of carapace of ♂ (12) and ♀ (13). 14, Anterolateral portion of carapace of ♂. 15 – 16, Right chelicera of ♂ (15) and ♀ (16). 17, Genital opening of ♂. 18 – 19, Right chela, lateral view, of ♂ (18) and ♀ (19)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/228060/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="103">Figs 18–19</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="13222A29FF83FFD5F739146544DAFCF6" box="[603,667,785,806]" captionStart="FIGURES 20 – 26" captionStartId="10.[151,264,1667,1690]" captionTargetBox="[240,1334,217,1665]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[225,1359,195,1671]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURES 20 – 26. Chthonius (C.) heterodactylus Tömösváry, 1882. 20, Anterior margin of carapace of ♂ (Romania, Mehádia). 21, Lateral portion of carapace of ♂ (Romania, Mehádia). 22, Left chelicera of ♂ (Romania, Mehádia). 23 – 26, Right chela, lateral view, of ♂ (Romania, Mehádia) (23), ♂ (Romania, Casa de Piatra) (24), ♀ (Romania, Casa de Piatra) (25) and ♀ (Romania, Jara) (26). Figures 20 – 23: male syntype of C. diophthalmus, Romania, Mehádia; 24 – 25: adults from Romania, Casa de Piatra; 26: female holotype of C. leruthi, Romania, Jara." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/228061/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="103">24–26</figureCitation>
); coupled sensilla 
<emphasis id="B96DEABEFF83FFD5F63214654526FCF6" box="[848,871,785,806]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="103">pc</emphasis>
of movable chelal finger usually between trichobothria 
<emphasis id="B96DEABEFF83FFD5F0EE146543DDFCF6" box="[1420,1436,785,806]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="103">st</emphasis>
and 
<emphasis id="B96DEABEFF83FFD5F46B145A475FFC93" box="[265,286,814,835]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="103">sb</emphasis>
; species from Carpathians........................................................................ 4
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA636ACFF83FFD5F5F5143843DDFC69" blockId="2.[151,1436,257,1334]" pageId="2" pageNumber="103">
<keyLead id="30E89599FF83FFD5F5F5143843DDFC69" pageId="2" pageNumber="103">
- Carapace without epistome (
<figureCitation id="13222A29FF83FFD5F4931438441FFCB1" box="[497,606,844,865]" captionStart="FIGURES 50 – 58" captionStartId="22.[151,264,1628,1651]" captionTargetBox="[255,1332,407,1626]" captionTargetId="figure@22.[226,1360,378,1638]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="FIGURES 50 – 58. Chthonius (C.) pusillus Beier, 1947. 50 – 52, Anterior margin of carapace of ♂ (Austria) (50), ♀ (Austria) (51) and ♂ (Slovenia) (52). 53, Anterolateral portion of carapace of ♂ (Austria). 54 – 55, Right chelicera of ♂ (54) and ♀ (55) (Austria). 56 – 58, Right chela, lateral view, of ♂ (Austria) (56), ♀ (Austria) (57) and ♂ (Slovenia) (58). Figures 50 – 51, 53 – 57: adults from Austria, Weizklamm; 52, 58: male from Slovenia, Šturmova graba." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/228063/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="103">Figs 50–52</figureCitation>
) and with 1 lateral microseta on each side on anterior row (
<figureCitation id="13222A29FF83FFD5F1F014384298FCB1" box="[1170,1241,844,865]" captionStart="FIGURES 50 – 58" captionStartId="22.[151,264,1628,1651]" captionTargetBox="[255,1332,407,1626]" captionTargetId="figure@22.[226,1360,378,1638]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="FIGURES 50 – 58. Chthonius (C.) pusillus Beier, 1947. 50 – 52, Anterior margin of carapace of ♂ (Austria) (50), ♀ (Austria) (51) and ♂ (Slovenia) (52). 53, Anterolateral portion of carapace of ♂ (Austria). 54 – 55, Right chelicera of ♂ (54) and ♀ (55) (Austria). 56 – 58, Right chela, lateral view, of ♂ (Austria) (56), ♀ (Austria) (57) and ♂ (Slovenia) (58). Figures 50 – 51, 53 – 57: adults from Austria, Weizklamm; 52, 58: male from Slovenia, Šturmova graba." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/228063/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="103">Fig. 53</figureCitation>
); fixed and movable chelal fingers respectively with 16–22 and 18 teeth; fixed chelal finger with distal paraxial seta sinuous and weakly enlarged (
<figureCitation id="13222A29FF83FFD5F58514F24718FC4B" box="[231,345,902,923]" captionStart="FIGURES 50 – 58" captionStartId="22.[151,264,1628,1651]" captionTargetBox="[255,1332,407,1626]" captionTargetId="figure@22.[226,1360,378,1638]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="FIGURES 50 – 58. Chthonius (C.) pusillus Beier, 1947. 50 – 52, Anterior margin of carapace of ♂ (Austria) (50), ♀ (Austria) (51) and ♂ (Slovenia) (52). 53, Anterolateral portion of carapace of ♂ (Austria). 54 – 55, Right chelicera of ♂ (54) and ♀ (55) (Austria). 56 – 58, Right chela, lateral view, of ♂ (Austria) (56), ♀ (Austria) (57) and ♂ (Slovenia) (58). Figures 50 – 51, 53 – 57: adults from Austria, Weizklamm; 52, 58: male from Slovenia, Šturmova graba." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/228063/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="103">Figs 56–58</figureCitation>
); coupled sensilla 
<emphasis id="B96DEABEFF83FFD5F76814F24461FC4B" box="[522,544,902,923]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="103">pc</emphasis>
of movable chelal finger between trichobothria 
<emphasis id="B96DEABEFF83FFD5F69014F24246FC4B" box="[1010,1031,902,923]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="103">sb</emphasis>
and 
<emphasis id="B96DEABEFF83FFD5F15514F24202FC4B" box="[1079,1091,902,923]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="103">b</emphasis>
; species from Eastern Alps of 
<collectingCountry id="F30E763CFF83FFD5F00F14F24740FC69" name="Austria" pageId="2" pageNumber="103">Austria</collectingCountry>
and 
<collectingCountry id="F30E763CFF83FFD5F44D14D047C2FC69" box="[303,387,932,953]" name="Slovenia" pageId="2" pageNumber="103">Slovenia</collectingCountry>
.................................................................... 
<taxonomicName id="4C194D2FFF83FFD5F1A214D043DDFC69" ID-CoL="V3FS" authority="Beier, 1947" authorityName="Beier" authorityYear="1947" box="[1216,1436,932,953]" class="Arachnida" family="Chthoniidae" genus="Chthonius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pseudoscorpiones" pageId="2" pageNumber="103" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pusillus">
<emphasis id="B96DEABEFF83FFD5F1A214D04366FC69" box="[1216,1319,932,953]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="103">C. pusillus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF884B5DFF83FFD5F04F14D043DDFC69" author="Beier, M." box="[1325,1436,932,953]" firstAuthor="Beier" journalOrPublisher="Annalen des Naturhistorischen Museums in Wien" pageId="2" pageNumber="103" pagination="296 - 301" part="55" refId="ref36418" refString="Beier, M. (1947) Neue Pseudoscorpione aus der Steiermark. Annalen des Naturhistorischen Museums in Wien, 55, 296 - 301." title="Neue Pseudoscorpione aus der Steiermark" type="journal article" year="1947">Beier, 1947</bibRefCitation>
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</paragraph>
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<keyStep id="30ED2E09FF83FFD5F5F514B543DDFB11" pageId="2" pageNumber="103">
<paragraph id="8BA636ACFF83FFD5F5F514B543DDFBFE" blockId="2.[151,1436,257,1334]" pageId="2" pageNumber="103">
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4 Fixed chelal finger with sharp, reclined and spaced teeth increasing in size as far as halfway along the finger, then reduced in size towards the base (
<figureCitation id="13222A29FF83FFD5F4DE14AA446CFC23" box="[444,557,990,1011]" captionStart-0="FIGURES 20–26" captionStart-1="FIGURES 27–33" captionStartId-0="10.[151,264,1667,1690]" captionStartId-1="12.[153,266,1829,1852]" captionTargetBox-0="[240,1334,217,1665]" captionTargetBox-1="[241,1345,201,1792]" captionTargetId-0="figure@10.[225,1359,195,1671]" captionTargetId-1="figure@12.[226,1360,195,1805]" captionTargetPageId-0="10" captionText-0="FIGURES 20–26. Chthonius (C.) heterodactylus Tömösváry, 1882. 20, Anterior margin of carapace of ♂ (Romania, Mehádia). 21, Lateral portion of carapace of ♂ (Romania, Mehádia). 22, Left chelicera of ♂ (Romania, Mehádia). 23–26, Right chela, lateral view, of ♂ (Romania, Mehádia) (23), ♂ (Romania, Casa de Piatra) (24), ♀ (Romania, Casa de Piatra) (25) and ♀ (Romania, Jara) (26). Figures 20–23: male syntype of C. diophthalmus, Romania, Mehádia; 24–25: adults from Romania, Casa de Piatra; 26: female holotype of C. leruthi, Romania, Jara." captionText-1="FIGURES 27–33. Chthonius (C.) heterodactylus Tömösváry, 1882. 27, Right chela, lateral view, of ♂ (Romania, Câmpeni, no. 579). 28–30, Left chela, lateral view, of ♂ (Romania, Jara, no. 553bis) (28), ♀ (Romania, Jara, no. 553bis) (29) and ♂ (Romania, Cluj, no. 551) (30). 31, Right chela, lateral view, of ♀ (Romania, Cluj, no. 551). 32–33, Movable finger of right chelicera of ♂ (Romania, Câmpeni, no. R61A). Figure 27: male from Romania, Câmpeni, no. 579; 28–29: adults from Romania, Jara, no. 553bis; 30–31: adults from Romania, Cluj, no. 551; 32–33: adults from Romania, Câmpeni, no. R61A (Scale bar 0.1 mm)." figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7636916" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/228061/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/7636916/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="103">Figs 23–31</figureCitation>
); fixed and movable chelal fingers respectively with 18–32 and 18–30 teeth; ratio of movable finger/hand of chela usually 1.8–1.9 (♂) or 1.6–1.7 (♀); genital opening of male flanked by 9–14 scattered setae on each side (
<figureCitation id="13222A29FF83FFD5F477136D471BFBFE" box="[277,346,1049,1070]" captionStart="FIGURES 12 – 19" captionStartId="8.[151,264,1944,1967]" captionTargetBox="[226,1359,565,1900]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[209,1382,561,1910]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURES 12 – 19. Chthonius (C.) heterodactylus Tömösváry, 1882, adults from Slovakia, Mt. Vihorlat, no. 27.583. 12 – 13, Anterior margin of carapace of ♂ (12) and ♀ (13). 14, Anterolateral portion of carapace of ♂. 15 – 16, Right chelicera of ♂ (15) and ♀ (16). 17, Genital opening of ♂. 18 – 19, Right chela, lateral view, of ♂ (18) and ♀ (19)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/228060/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="103">Fig. 17</figureCitation>
)............................................................ 
<taxonomicName id="4C194D2FFF83FFD5F124136D43DDFBFE" ID-CoL="V3C8" authority="Tomosvary, 1882" authorityName="Tomosvary" authorityYear="1882" box="[1094,1436,1049,1070]" class="Arachnida" family="Chthoniidae" genus="Chthonius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pseudoscorpiones" pageId="2" pageNumber="103" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="heterodactylus">
<emphasis id="B96DEABEFF83FFD5F124136D42AFFBFE" box="[1094,1262,1049,1070]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="103">C. heterodactylus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF884B5DFF83FFD5F196136D43DDFBFE" author="Tomosvary, O." box="[1268,1436,1049,1070]" firstAuthor="Tomosvary" journalOrPublisher="Magyar Tudomanyos Akademia Matematikai es Termeszettudomanyi Kozlemenyek" pageId="2" pageNumber="103" pagination="135 - 256" part="18" refId="ref38016" refString="Tomosvary, O. (1882) A Magyar fauna alskorpioi. Magyar Tudomanyos Akademia Matematikai es Termeszettudomanyi Kozlemenyek, 18, 135 - 256." title="A Magyar fauna alskorpioi" type="journal article" year="1882">Tömösváry, 1882</bibRefCitation>
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</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA636ACFF83FFD5F5F5134243DDFB11" blockId="2.[151,1436,257,1334]" pageId="2" pageNumber="103">
<keyLead id="30E89599FF83FFD5F5F5134243DDFB11" pageId="2" pageNumber="103">
- Fixed chelal finger with distal teeth contiguous, pointed or apically rounded, slightly inclined backwards, followed proximally by large, sharp, reclined and spaced teeth and 9–21 proximal teeth low, contiguous, rounded, reduced in size towards the finger base (
<figureCitation id="13222A29FF83FFD5F47A130547C9FB56" box="[280,392,1137,1158]" captionStart="FIGURES 34–41" captionStartId="15.[151,264,1590,1613]" captionTargetBox="[263,1327,370,1549]" captionTargetId="figure@15.[226,1360,362,1580]" captionText="FIGURES 34–41. Chthonius (C.) hungaricus Mahnert, 1981. 34–35, Anterior margin of carapace of ♂ (34) and ♀ (35) (Romania, Jara, no. 553bis). 36, Anterolateral portion of carapaceof ♂ (Romania, Jara, no. 553bis). 37–38, Right chelicera of ♂ (37) and ♀ (38) (Romania, Jara, no. 553bis). 39–41, Left chela, lateral view, of ♂ (Romania, Jara, no. 553bis) (39), ♀ (Romania, Jara, no. 553bis) (40) and ♀ (Romania, Vălişoara) (41). Figures 34–40: adults from Romania, Jara, no. 553bis; 41: female from Romania, Vălişoara." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7636918" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7636918/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="103">Figs 39–41</figureCitation>
); fixed and movable chelal fingers respectively with 34–50 and 28–38 teeth; ratio of movable finger/hand of chela 2.0–2.2 (♂) or 1.9–2.0 (♀); genital opening of male flanked by 6–8 aligned setae on each side................................................................................................. 
<taxonomicName id="4C194D2FFF83FFD5F1E213D843DDFB11" ID-CoL="V3CC" authority="Mahnert, 1981" authorityName="Mahnert" authorityYear="1981" box="[1152,1436,1196,1217]" class="Arachnida" family="Chthoniidae" genus="Chthonius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pseudoscorpiones" pageId="2" pageNumber="103" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hungaricus">
<emphasis id="B96DEABEFF83FFD5F1E213D84348FB11" box="[1152,1289,1196,1217]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="103">C. hungaricus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF884B5DFF83FFD5F06C13D843DDFB11" author="Mahnert, V." box="[1294,1436,1196,1217]" firstAuthor="Mahnert" journalOrPublisher="Folia Entomologica Hungarica" pageId="2" pageNumber="103" pagination="279 - 282" part="41" refId="ref37633" refString="Mahnert, V. (1981) Chthonius (C.) hungaricus sp. n., eine neue Afterskorpion-Art aus Ungarn (Arachnida). Folia Entomologica Hungarica, 41, 279 - 282." title="Chthonius (C.) hungaricus sp. n., eine neue Afterskorpion-Art aus Ungarn (Arachnida)" type="journal article" year="1981">Mahnert, 1981</bibRefCitation>
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<keyStep id="30ED2E09FF83FFD5F5F513BD43DAFAE6" pageId="2" pageNumber="103">
<paragraph id="8BA636ACFF83FFD5F5F513BD43DAFB2B" blockId="2.[151,1436,257,1334]" pageId="2" pageNumber="103">
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5. Distal half of movable chelal finger (♂♀) with 8–15 triangular, sharp, higher than wide teeth, erect or weakly forward-inclined (
<figureCitation id="13222A29FF83FFD5F58513924709FB2B" box="[231,328,1254,1275]" captionStart="FIGURES 1 – 11" captionStartId="5.[151,264,1861,1884]" captionTargetBox="[231,1359,205,1819]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[226,1360,195,1837]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURES 1 – 11. Chthonius (C.) cavernarum Ellingsen, 1909. 1 – 3, Anterior margin of carapace of ♂ (Slovenia) (1), ♀ (Slovenia) (2) and ♂ (Italy) (3). 4 – 5, Anterolateral portion of carapace of ♂ (Slovenia) (4) and ♂ (Italy) (5). 6 – 8, Right chelicera of ♂ (Slovenia) (6), ♀ (Slovenia) (7) and ♂ (Italy) (8). 9 – 11, Right chela, lateral view, of ♂ (Slovenia) (9), ♀ (Slovenia) (10) and ♂ (Italy) (11). Figures 1, 2, 4, 6 – 7, 9 – 10: adults from Slovenia, Sviščaki; 3, 5, 8, 11: male from Italy, Grotta di Monteprato." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/228059/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="103">Figs 9–11</figureCitation>
)................................................................. 
<taxonomicName id="4C194D2FFF83FFD5F10D139243DAFB2B" ID-CoL="5Z5FL" authority="Ellingsen, 1909" authorityName="Ellingsen" authorityYear="1909" box="[1135,1435,1254,1275]" class="Arachnida" family="Chthoniidae" genus="Chthonius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pseudoscorpiones" pageId="2" pageNumber="103" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cavernarum">
<emphasis id="B96DEABEFF83FFD5F10D13924341FB2B" box="[1135,1280,1254,1275]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="103">C. cavernarum</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF884B5DFF83FFD5F067139243DAFB2B" author="Ellingsen, E." box="[1285,1435,1254,1275]" firstAuthor="Ellingsen" journalOrPublisher="Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Genova" pageId="2" pageNumber="103" pagination="205 - 220" part="4" refId="ref36931" refString="Ellingsen, E. (1909) Contributions to the knowledge of the pseudoscorpions from material belonging to the Museo Civico in Genova. Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Genova, Series 3, 4, 205 - 220." title="Contributions to the knowledge of the pseudoscorpions from material belonging to the Museo Civico in Genova" type="journal article" year="1909">Ellingsen, 1909</bibRefCitation>
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</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA636ACFF83FFD5F5F5127043DAFAE6" blockId="2.[151,1436,257,1334]" pageId="2" pageNumber="103">
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- Distal half of movable chelal finger (♂♀) usually with 11–15 low, broad, reclined teeth (
<figureCitation id="13222A29FF83FFD5F156127042E2FAC9" box="[1076,1187,1284,1305]" captionStart="FIGURES 59 – 66" captionStartId="24.[151,264,1890,1913]" captionTargetBox="[253,1337,191,1867]" captionTargetId="figure@24.[226,1360,163,1867]" captionTargetPageId="24" captionText="FIGURES 59 – 66. Chthonius (C.) raridentatus Hadži, 1930, males from Slovenia, Most na Soči, near Jama pod Smoganico. 59 – 60, Anterior margin of carapace of ♂ (small specimen) (59) and ♂ (large specimen) (60). 61 – 62, Anterolateral portion of carapace of ♂ (small specimen) (61) and ♂ (large specimen) (62). 63 – 64, Right chelicera of ♂ (small specimen) (63) and ♂ (large specimen) (64). 65 – 66, Right chela, lateral view, of ♂ (small specimen) (65) and ♂ (large specimen) (66)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/228064/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="103">Figs 65–66</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="13222A29FF83FFD5F1CF127042AAFAC9" box="[1197,1259,1284,1305]" captionStart="FIGURES 75 – 81" captionStartId="26.[151,264,1913,1936]" captionTargetBox="[286,1302,473,1849]" captionTargetId="figure@26.[240,1337,461,1886]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="FIGURES 75 – 81. Chthonius (C.) raridentatus Hadži, 1930. 75 – 76, Anterior margin of carapace of ♂ (holotype) (75) and ♀ (paratype) (76). 77, Anterolateral portion of carapace ♂ (holotype). 78 – 79, Right chelicera of ♂ (holotype) (78) and ♀ (paratype) (79). 80 – 81, Right chela, lateral view, of ♂ (holotype) (80) and ♀ (paratype) (81). Figures 75, 77 – 78, 80: male holotype of C. brandmayri, Slovenia, Mt. Slavnik; 76, 79, 81: female paratype of C. brandmayri, Slovenia, Mt. Slavnik." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/228066/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="103">80–81</figureCitation>
), rarely with 6–10 triangular reclined teeth, wider than high (
<figureCitation id="13222A29FF83FFD5F717125544A3FAE6" box="[629,738,1313,1334]" captionStart="FIGURES 82 – 89" captionStartId="27.[151,264,1868,1891]" captionTargetBox="[251,1339,207,1835]" captionTargetId="figure@27.[226,1360,193,1848]" captionTargetPageId="27" captionText="FIGURES 82 – 89. Chthonius (C.) raridentatus Hadži, 1930. 82, Anterior margin of carapace of ♀ (Slovenia, Urhova jama). 83, Anterolateral portion of carapace of ♀ (Slovenia, Urhova jama). 84, Right chelicera of ♀ (Slovenia, Urhova jama). 85 – 89, Right chela, lateral view, of ♀ (Slovenia, Urhova jama) (85), ♂ (Slovenia, Ponikva) (86), ♀ (Slovenia, Ponikva) (87), ♂ (Slovenia, Kočevje) (88) and ♀ (Slovenia, Kočevje) (89). Figures 82 – 85: female from Slovenia, Urhova jama; 86 – 87: adults from Slovenia, Ponikva; 88 – 89: adults from Slovenia, Kočevje." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/228067/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="103">Figs 88–89</figureCitation>
).................................. 
<taxonomicName id="4C194D2FFF83FFD5F1EC125543DAFAE6" ID-CoL="V3FX" authority="Hadzi, 1930" authorityName="Hadzi" authorityYear="1930" box="[1166,1435,1313,1334]" class="Arachnida" family="Chthoniidae" genus="Chthonius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pseudoscorpiones" pageId="2" pageNumber="103" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="raridentatus">
<emphasis id="B96DEABEFF83FFD5F1EC12554361FAE6" box="[1166,1312,1313,1334]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="103">C. raridentatus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF884B5DFF83FFD5F044125543DAFAE6" author="Hadzi, J." box="[1318,1435,1313,1334]" firstAuthor="Hadzi" journalOrPublisher="Glas Srpske Kraljevske Akademija, Beograd" pageId="2" pageNumber="103" pagination="115 - 148" part="67" refId="ref37211" refString="Hadzi, J. (1930) Prilog poznavanju pecinskih pseudoskorpija. Glas Srpske Kraljevske Akademija, Beograd, 67, 115 - 148." title="Prilog poznavanju pecinskih pseudoskorpija" type="journal article" year="1930">Hadži, 1930</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
</keyStep>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>