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<document id="F12DF753DAF7BF173DDFBEB230E172E0" ID-CLB-Dataset="27764" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4532.1.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="b3fb460f-20b4-4c62-98ea-a07d901bbfc0" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="2614967" ID-ZooBank="4E9D0908-0933-48AF-A6ED-F3B8D39E8994" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1553787614041" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Cairns, Stephen D." docDate="2018" docId="03B0147FFFF0FFDA76CC6ABE4313F901" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4532.1.1.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4532 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Narella horrida" docType="treatment" docVersion="14" lastPageNumber="31" masterDocId="FF896C07FFEEFFC4765B6A1F4732FF92" masterDocTitle="Primnoidae (Cnidaria: Octocorallia: Calcaxonia) of the Okeanos Explorer expeditions (CAPSTONE) to the central Pacific" masterLastPageNumber="43" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="31" updateTime="1698714965598" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="72C858A9B70AD761C9E47CCB03D8F2BF">Primnoidae (Cnidaria: Octocorallia: Calcaxonia) of the Okeanos Explorer expeditions (CAPSTONE) to the central Pacific</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="D6EF00F4D68D7505DC6F05F4E5608E44">Cairns, Stephen D.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="262CE1E413F354A9EF495D804BA0E4DF">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="91C6C91CCECEB6649841A5CA75F57D61">2018</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="5015F1522F4E410C5737E7D967ACF7BD">2018-12-17</mods:number>
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<mods:classification id="B0F944AE137C6111996B8064D4EBAD89">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="E88CF7F58C36030E9E9FF2679DC6DDF8" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.4532.1.1</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="03B0147FFFF0FFDA76CC6ABE4313F901" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5951538" ID-GBIF-Taxon="154521089" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5951538" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03B0147FFFF0FFDA76CC6ABE4313F901" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B0147FFFF0FFDA76CC6ABE4313F901" lastPageNumber="31" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">
<subSubSection id="C303F6E2FFF0FFDA76CC6ABE4516FF29" box="[151,548,161,188]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BA6A569FFF0FFDA76CC6ABE4516FF29" blockId="30.[151,548,161,223]" box="[151,548,161,188]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">
<heading id="D0EE1205FFF0FFDA76CC6ABE4516FF29" bold="true" box="[151,548,161,188]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" reason="1">
<taxonomicName id="4C19DEEAFFF0FFDA76CC6ABE4516FF29" ID-CoL="45PMW" authority="(Versluys, 1906)" baseAuthorityName="Versluys" baseAuthorityYear="1906" box="[151,548,161,188]" class="Anthozoa" family="Primnoidae" genus="Narella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="horrida">
<emphasis id="B96D797BFFF0FFDA76CC6ABE4516FF29" bold="true" box="[151,548,161,188]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">
<emphasis id="B96D797BFFF0FFDA76CC6ABE4667FF2E" bold="true" box="[151,341,161,188]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Narella horrida</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EF88D898FFF0FFDA773F6ABE4529FF29" author="Versluys, J." box="[356,539,161,187]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" pagination="1 - 187" refId="ref29267" refString="Versluys, J. (1906) Die Gorgoniden der Siboga - Expedition. II. Die Primnoidae. Siboga-Expeditie, 13 a, 1 - 187." type="book chapter" year="1906">Versluys, 1906</bibRefCitation>
)
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C303F6E2FFF0FFDA76CC6ADA4667FF4D" box="[151,341,196,223]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BA6A569FFF0FFDA76CC6ADA4667FF4D" blockId="30.[151,548,161,223]" box="[151,341,196,223]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">
<figureCitation id="1322B9ECFFF0FFDA76CC6ADA47C8FF4D" box="[151,250,197,223]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1774,1799]" captionTargetBox="[174,1414,166,1753]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[174,1414,166,1753]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 1. In situ images of various species: A, Callogorgia cracentis, holotype. B, Calyptrophora lyra, holotype (not in situ). C, C. diaphana, EX1606-9-1. D, C. carinata, holotype. E, C. clarki, EX1605-L3-6. F, C. pourtalesi, holotype. G, C. distolos, holotype. H, Candidella gigantea, EX1606-6. I, Macroprimnoa ornata, holotype. J, Narella virgosa, holotype. K-L, N. aurantiaca, holotype. M, N. merga, holotype. N, N. horrida, EX1703-2-3. O, N. fordi, holotype. P, N. calamus, holotype. Q, N. virgosa, paratype, EX1504-L4-9-4. R, N. macrocalyx, EX1606-7. S, N. hawaiiensis, EX1504-9-2. T, Paracalyotrophora hawaiiensis, EX1703-2-1. U, P. echinata, EX1703-10-1. V, P. spiralis, holotype. W, Plumarella circumoperculum, EX1603-2-3. X, Thouarella hilgendorfi, EX1605-L1-17." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2614969/files/figure.png" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Figs. 1N</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="1322B9ECFFF0FFDA775D6ADB462DFF4D" box="[262,287,196,223]" captionStart="FIGURE 15" captionStartId="31.[151,250,1882,1907]" captionTargetBox="[174,1414,216,1822]" captionTargetId="figure@31.[174,1414,235,1822]" captionTargetPageId="31" captionText="FIGURE 15. Narella horrida, USNM 1453686: A, adaxial stereo view of polyp whorl and worm tube. B, stereo view of basal scales. C–D, stereo views of lateral and abaxial sides of a polyp. E, basal scales. F, medial scales. G, buccal scales. H, adaxial buccal scales in situ. I, opercular scales. J, operculum surrounded by buccal cowl. K, coenenchymal scales. L, coenenchymal scales, in situ. Scale bars in mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2614995/files/figure.png" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">15</figureCitation>
A–L
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C303F6E2FFF0FFDA76CC6B1643B3FE7D" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="8BA6A569FFF0FFDA76CC6B1643C4FEB0" blockId="30.[151,1270,265,351]" box="[151,1270,265,290]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB098247FFF0FFDA76CC6B1643C4FEB0" box="[151,1270,265,290]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">
<taxonomicName id="4C19DEEAFFF0FFDA76CC6B16451FFEB3" ID-CoL="9BCY4" authority="Versluys, 1906: 101" authorityName="Versluys" authorityPageNumber="101" authorityYear="1906" box="[151,557,265,290]" class="Anthozoa" family="Primnoidae" genus="Stachyodes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="horrida">
<emphasis id="B96D797BFFF0FFDA76CC6B16466EFEB3" box="[151,348,265,289]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Stachyodes horrida</emphasis>
<treatmentCitation id="0AB88378FFF0FFDA77386B16451FFEB3" author="Versluys, J." box="[355,557,265,290]" page="101" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" year="1906">
<bibRefCitation id="EF88D898FFF0FFDA77386B1646CFFEB0" author="Versluys, J." box="[355,509,265,290]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" pagination="1 - 187" refId="ref29267" refString="Versluys, J. (1906) Die Gorgoniden der Siboga - Expedition. II. Die Primnoidae. Siboga-Expeditie, 13 a, 1 - 187." type="book chapter" year="1906">Versluys, 1906</bibRefCitation>
: 101
</treatmentCitation>
</taxonomicName>
–103, pl. 8, fig. 24, figs. 129–133.—K̹kenthal, 1919: 465; 1924: 315.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA6A569FFF0FFDA76CC6B374335FED2" blockId="30.[151,1270,265,351]" box="[151,1031,295,320]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">
<taxonomicName id="4C19DEEAFFF0FFDA76CC6B374507FED2" ID-CoL="9B9XL" authority="Kinoshita, 1907: 233" authorityName="Kinoshita" authorityPageNumber="233" authorityYear="1907" box="[151,565,295,320]" class="Anthozoa" family="Primnoidae" genus="Narella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="irregularis">
<emphasis id="B96D797BFFF0FFDA76CC6B374665FED2" box="[151,343,296,320]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Narella irregularis</emphasis>
Kinoshita, 1907: 233
</taxonomicName>
; 1908: 49–51, pl. 3, figs. 23–24, pl. 6, fig. 52.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA6A569FFF0FFDA76CC6B584585FECD" blockId="30.[151,1270,265,351]" box="[151,695,326,351]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB098247FFF0FFDA76CC6B584585FECD" box="[151,695,326,351]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">
<taxonomicName id="4C19DEEAFFF0FFDA76CC6B584579FECD" ID-CoL="45PMW" authority=": Cairns &amp; Bayer, 2007: 86" authorityName=": Cairns &amp; Bayer" authorityPageNumber="86" authorityYear="2007" box="[151,587,326,351]" class="Anthozoa" family="Primnoidae" genus="Narella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="horrida">
<emphasis id="B96D797BFFF0FFDA76CC6B584605FECD" box="[151,311,327,351]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Narella horrida</emphasis>
:
<treatmentCitation id="0AB88378FFF0FFDA771E6B594579FECD" author="Cairns, S. D. &amp; Bayer, F. M." box="[325,587,326,351]" page="86" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" year="2007">
<bibRefCitation id="EF88D898FFF0FFDA771E6B594514FECD" author="Cairns, S. D. &amp; Bayer, F. M." box="[325,550,326,351]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" pagination="83 - 115" refId="ref27926" refString="Cairns, S. D. &amp; Bayer, F. M. (2007) A review of the Octocorallia (Cnidaria: Anthozoa) from Hawai'i and adjacent seamounts: the genus Narella Gray, 1870. Pacific Science, 62 (1), 83 - 115. https: // doi. org / 10.2984 / 1534 - 6188 (2008) 62 [83: AROTOC] 2.0. CO; 2" type="journal article" year="2007">Cairns &amp; Bayer, 2007</bibRefCitation>
: 86
</treatmentCitation>
</taxonomicName>
; 2009: 30.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA6A569FFF0FFDA76CC6B9243B3FE7D" blockId="30.[151,1437,396,1683]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">
<emphasis id="B96D797BFFF0FFDA76CC6B9246F0FE35" bold="true" box="[151,450,396,423]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Types and Type Locality</emphasis>
. The
<typeStatus id="54A21BCBFFF0FFDA745C6B92455BFE35" box="[519,617,397,423]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
of
<taxonomicName id="4C19DEEAFFF0FFDA74C86B92443AFE35" ID-CoL="45PMW" authorityName=": Cairns &amp; Bayer" authorityYear="2007" box="[659,776,397,423]" class="Anthozoa" family="Primnoidae" genus="Narella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="horrida">
<emphasis id="B96D797BFFF0FFDA74C86B92443AFE35" box="[659,776,397,423]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">S. horrida</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
consists of a small colony and several branch fragments, deposited at Naturalis (ex ZMA Coel. 3423), and a fragment is also deposited at NMNH (USNM 1097264). Type Locality:
<taxonomicName id="4C19DEEAFFF0FFDA77586BCA4663FE7D" ID-CoL="92MS7" authorityName="Hampson" authorityYear="1901" box="[259,337,469,495]" class="Insecta" family="Pyralidae" genus="Siboga" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B96D797BFFF0FFDA77586BCA4663FE7D" box="[259,337,469,495]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Siboga</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
252, 5˚28.4’S, 132˚0.2’E (off Kei Island, Banda Sea,
<collectingCountry id="F30EE5F9FFF0FFDA75F56BCA432DFE62" box="[942,1055,469,496]" name="Indonesia" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Indonesia</collectingCountry>
),
<specimenCount id="9D1F6EE0FFF0FFDA72686BCA43B3FE7D" box="[1075,1153,469,495]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" type="generic">
<quantity id="4CE1088CFFF0FFDA72686BCA434FFE7D" box="[1075,1149,469,495]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.04" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" unit="m" value="204.0">204 m</quantity>
.
</specimenCount>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C303F6E2FFF0FFDA769C6BE643D7FD81" box="[199,1253,505,531]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BA6A569FFF0FFDA769C6BE643D7FD81" blockId="30.[151,1437,396,1683]" box="[199,1253,505,531]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">
The
<typeStatus id="54A21BCBFFF0FFDA76A16BE64618FD81" box="[250,298,505,531]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">type</typeStatus>
of
<taxonomicName id="4C19DEEAFFF0FFDA77146BE646D1FD81" authorityName="Kinoshita" authorityYear="1907" box="[335,483,505,531]" class="Anthozoa" family="Primnoidae" genus="Narella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="irregularis">
<emphasis id="B96D797BFFF0FFDA77146BE646D1FD81" box="[335,483,505,531]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">S. irregularis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is untraced.
<typeStatus id="54A21BCBFFF0FFDA74296BE64598FD81" box="[626,682,505,531]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Type</typeStatus>
Locality: west of Satsuma,
<collectingCountry id="F30EE5F9FFF0FFDA75B96BE64317FD81" box="[994,1061,505,531]" name="Japan" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Japan</collectingCountry>
, depth unknown.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C303F6E2FFF0FFDA769C68034388FDC9" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8BA6A569FFF0FFDA769C68034388FDC9" blockId="30.[151,1437,396,1683]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">
<emphasis id="B96D797BFFF0FFDA769C68034681FDA5" bold="true" box="[199,435,540,567]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Material Examined</emphasis>
.
<materialsCitation id="3B71AF34FFF0FFDA779F68024388FDC9" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2117761629" collectingDate="2487 - 2492, 2530 - 2531" collectionCode="SEM" country="Tokelau" elevation="327" location="Pao Pao" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" specimenCode="USNM 1453686" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
<typeStatus id="54A21BCBFFF0FFDA779F68024503FDA5" box="[452,561,541,567]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
: a single colony now in six pieces, and
<collectionCode id="ED083DACFFF0FFDA725268024371FDA5" box="[1033,1091,541,567]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">SEM</collectionCode>
stubs
<collectingDate id="EFE37A41FFF0FFDA72CA680242AAFDA5" box="[1169,1432,540,567]" isEnumeration="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">
<date id="FFA783A9FFF0FFDA72CA6802423CFDA5" box="[1169,1294,541,567]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" value="2487" valueMax="2492">2487-2492</date>
,
<date id="FFA783A9FFF0FFDA7347680342AAFDA5" box="[1308,1432,540,567]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" value="2530" valueMax="2531">2530-2531</date>
</collectingDate>
,
<emphasis id="B96D797BFFF0FFDA76CC685D478BFDC9" box="[151,185,578,603]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">EX</emphasis>
<date id="FFA783A9FFF0FFDA76E2685E4602FDC9" box="[185,304,577,603]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" value="1703-03-02">1703-2-03</date>
, 7.1926˚S, 173.6361˚W (off
<location id="8EC6F3B2FFF0FFDA742F685E45E0FDC9" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03B0147FFFF0FFDA76CC6ABE4313F901:8EC6F3B2FFF0FFDA742F685E45E0FDC9" box="[628,722,577,603]" country="Tokelau" name="Pao Pao" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Pao Pao</location>
,
<collectingCountry id="F30EE5F9FFF0FFDA7487685E44A2FDCE" box="[732,912,577,604]" name="Tokelau" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Tokelau Islands</collectingCountry>
),
<elevation id="0034425AFFF0FFDA75FF685E44DFFDC9" box="[932,1005,577,603]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.27" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" unit="m" value="327.0">
<quantity id="4CE1088CFFF0FFDA75FF685E44DFFDC9" box="[932,1005,577,603]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.27" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" unit="m" value="327.0">327 m</quantity>
</elevation>
,
<specimenCode id="DBBF0D12FFF0FFDA75A3685E4384FDC9" box="[1016,1206,576,603]" collectionCode="USNM" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" type="Museum">USNM 1453686</specimenCode>
.
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C303F6E2FFF0FFDA769C687B426DFA29" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BA6A569FFF0FFDA769C687B45FEFCC5" blockId="30.[151,1437,396,1683]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">
<emphasis id="B96D797BFFF0FFDA769C687B4663FDED" bold="true" box="[199,337,612,639]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Description</emphasis>
. The figured specimens (
<figureCitation id="1322B9ECFFF0FFDA7433687A458CFDED" box="[616,702,613,639]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1774,1799]" captionTargetBox="[174,1414,166,1753]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[174,1414,166,1753]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 1. In situ images of various species: A, Callogorgia cracentis, holotype. B, Calyptrophora lyra, holotype (not in situ). C, C. diaphana, EX1606-9-1. D, C. carinata, holotype. E, C. clarki, EX1605-L3-6. F, C. pourtalesi, holotype. G, C. distolos, holotype. H, Candidella gigantea, EX1606-6. I, Macroprimnoa ornata, holotype. J, Narella virgosa, holotype. K-L, N. aurantiaca, holotype. M, N. merga, holotype. N, N. horrida, EX1703-2-3. O, N. fordi, holotype. P, N. calamus, holotype. Q, N. virgosa, paratype, EX1504-L4-9-4. R, N. macrocalyx, EX1606-7. S, N. hawaiiensis, EX1504-9-2. T, Paracalyotrophora hawaiiensis, EX1703-2-1. U, P. echinata, EX1703-10-1. V, P. spiralis, holotype. W, Plumarella circumoperculum, EX1603-2-3. X, Thouarella hilgendorfi, EX1605-L1-17." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2614969/files/figure.png" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Fig. 1N</figureCitation>
) consist of about a dozen (entire colony not collected) unbranched branches, all but one of which originate from a common basal calcareous encrustation about
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in thickness; one bifurcates a branch
<quantity id="4CE1088CFFF0FFDA772F68B2469EFD55" box="[372,428,685,711]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" unit="cm" value="1.0">1 cm</quantity>
above the encrustation. The longest of the individual branches are about
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in length, altogether producing a small bushy colony. The polyps are evenly spaced at about 3 per cm, each whorl having five or six polyps, space on one side of each branch occupied by a rather large (up to
<quantity id="4CE1088CFFF0FFDA726868EB43B8FC9D" box="[1075,1162,756,783]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" unit="mm" value="2.5">2.5 mm</quantity>
in diameter) polychaete worm tube produced by the lateral extensions of contiguous basal scales. The whorl diameter is
<quantity id="4CE1088CFFF0FFDA72926906421BFCA1" box="[1225,1321,793,819]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.0" metricValueMax="9.0" metricValueMin="7.0" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" unit="mm" value="8.0" valueMax="9.0" valueMin="7.0">7–9 mm</quantity>
. The horizontal length of a contracted polyp is 3.0–
<quantity id="4CE1088CFFF0FFDA7434692245F5FCC5" box="[623,711,829,855]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.4" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" unit="mm" value="3.4">3.4 mm</quantity>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA6A569FFF0FFDA769C697E444DFB09" blockId="30.[151,1437,396,1683]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">
The basal body wall scales are quite tall (up to
<quantity id="4CE1088CFFF0FFDA748E697E4419FCE9" box="[725,811,865,891]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.3" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" unit="mm" value="4.3">4.3 mm</quantity>
in height) and thick (massive), the distal third to half of the scale constituting a flattened spine (
<figureCitation id="1322B9ECFFF0FFDA740E699A4596FC0D" box="[597,676,900,927]" captionStart="FIGURE 15" captionStartId="31.[151,250,1882,1907]" captionTargetBox="[174,1414,216,1822]" captionTargetId="figure@31.[174,1414,235,1822]" captionTargetPageId="31" captionText="FIGURE 15. Narella horrida, USNM 1453686: A, adaxial stereo view of polyp whorl and worm tube. B, stereo view of basal scales. C–D, stereo views of lateral and abaxial sides of a polyp. E, basal scales. F, medial scales. G, buccal scales. H, adaxial buccal scales in situ. I, opercular scales. J, operculum surrounded by buccal cowl. K, coenenchymal scales. L, coenenchymal scales, in situ. Scale bars in mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2614995/files/figure.png" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Fig. 15</figureCitation>
B–D, E). The dorsolateral edge of the basal scales are rounded (not ridged) and it, as well as all other body wall and coenenchymal scales, is uniformly granulated. The basal scales are closed in the adaxial position, but the medial and buccals are open. The medial body wall scales are narrower (
<figureCitation id="1322B9ECFFF0FFDA733469D247F7FB99" captionStart="FIGURE 15" captionStartId="31.[151,250,1882,1907]" captionTargetBox="[174,1414,216,1822]" captionTargetId="figure@31.[174,1414,235,1822]" captionTargetPageId="31" captionText="FIGURE 15. Narella horrida, USNM 1453686: A, adaxial stereo view of polyp whorl and worm tube. B, stereo view of basal scales. C–D, stereo views of lateral and abaxial sides of a polyp. E, basal scales. F, medial scales. G, buccal scales. H, adaxial buccal scales in situ. I, opercular scales. J, operculum surrounded by buccal cowl. K, coenenchymal scales. L, coenenchymal scales, in situ. Scale bars in mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2614995/files/figure.png" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Fig. 15F</figureCitation>
), also massive, but rarely more than
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in length, and also bear one or two elongate distal spines, these spines circular in cross section. The buccal scales are not massive (
<figureCitation id="1322B9ECFFF0FFDA751B6E0A449AFBBD" box="[832,936,1044,1071]" captionStart="FIGURE 15" captionStartId="31.[151,250,1882,1907]" captionTargetBox="[174,1414,216,1822]" captionTargetId="figure@31.[174,1414,235,1822]" captionTargetPageId="31" captionText="FIGURE 15. Narella horrida, USNM 1453686: A, adaxial stereo view of polyp whorl and worm tube. B, stereo view of basal scales. C–D, stereo views of lateral and abaxial sides of a polyp. E, basal scales. F, medial scales. G, buccal scales. H, adaxial buccal scales in situ. I, opercular scales. J, operculum surrounded by buccal cowl. K, coenenchymal scales. L, coenenchymal scales, in situ. Scale bars in mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2614995/files/figure.png" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Fig. 15G</figureCitation>
),
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in length, and have a rounded distal edge that forms a cowl (
<figureCitation id="1322B9ECFFF0FFDA77B16E264574FBC1" box="[490,582,1080,1107]" captionStart="FIGURE 15" captionStartId="31.[151,250,1882,1907]" captionTargetBox="[174,1414,216,1822]" captionTargetId="figure@31.[174,1414,235,1822]" captionTargetPageId="31" captionText="FIGURE 15. Narella horrida, USNM 1453686: A, adaxial stereo view of polyp whorl and worm tube. B, stereo view of basal scales. C–D, stereo views of lateral and abaxial sides of a polyp. E, basal scales. F, medial scales. G, buccal scales. H, adaxial buccal scales in situ. I, opercular scales. J, operculum surrounded by buccal cowl. K, coenenchymal scales. L, coenenchymal scales, in situ. Scale bars in mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2614995/files/figure.png" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Fig. 15J</figureCitation>
) around the opercular crown. The ratio of the length of the body wall scales is thus approximately: 1:0.54: 0.46. The adaxial side of the polyp is mostly covered with three or four pairs of thin, flat, elliptical scales, the greater axes ranging from
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.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA6A569FFF0FFDA769C6EBA450BFA95" blockId="30.[151,1437,396,1683]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">
The abaxial opercular scales are symmetrical, measuring up to
<quantity id="4CE1088CFFF0FFDA75D36EBA44EFFB2D" box="[904,989,1189,1215]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.3" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" unit="mm" value="1.3">1.3 mm</quantity>
in length (L:W = about 1.9). The asymmetrical laterals are
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in length (L:W = 1.8–2.2). The small adaxial operculars are about
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in length and have an L:W of about 2.6.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA6A569FFF0FFDA769C6F0E439FFADD" blockId="30.[151,1437,396,1683]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">
The coenenchymal scales (
<figureCitation id="1322B9ECFFF0FFDA77A86F0E4579FAB9" box="[499,587,1296,1323]" captionStart="FIGURE 15" captionStartId="31.[151,250,1882,1907]" captionTargetBox="[174,1414,216,1822]" captionTargetId="figure@31.[174,1414,235,1822]" captionTargetPageId="31" captionText="FIGURE 15. Narella horrida, USNM 1453686: A, adaxial stereo view of polyp whorl and worm tube. B, stereo view of basal scales. C–D, stereo views of lateral and abaxial sides of a polyp. E, basal scales. F, medial scales. G, buccal scales. H, adaxial buccal scales in situ. I, opercular scales. J, operculum surrounded by buccal cowl. K, coenenchymal scales. L, coenenchymal scales, in situ. Scale bars in mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2614995/files/figure.png" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Figs. 15</figureCitation>
K–L) are irregular to elongate in shape, massive (thick, up to
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), and non-imbricate. Most are about
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in greater length, but some are as long as
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.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA6A569FFF0FFDA769C6F47426DFA29" blockId="30.[151,1437,396,1683]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">
<emphasis id="B96D797BFFF0FFDA769C6F474654FAE1" bold="true" box="[199,358,1368,1395]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Comparisons</emphasis>
.
<taxonomicName id="4C19DEEAFFF0FFDA772C6F464519FAE1" authorityName=": Cairns &amp; Bayer" authorityYear="2007" box="[375,555,1369,1395]" class="Anthozoa" family="Primnoidae" genus="Narella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="horrida">
<emphasis id="B96D797BFFF0FFDA772C6F464519FAE1" box="[375,555,1369,1395]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Narella horrida</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is easily distinguished from the other 26 species of
<taxonomicName id="4C19DEEAFFF0FFDA72D76F4643D3FAE1" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1870" box="[1164,1249,1369,1395]" class="Anthozoa" family="Primnoidae" genus="Narella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B96D797BFFF0FFDA72D76F4643D3FAE1" box="[1164,1249,1369,1395]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Narella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
having rounded dorsolateral edge of the basal scales, by having prominently spinose basal and medial body wall scales. It belongs to a group of species having massive basal body wall scales and mosaic, non-imbricate coenenchymal scales.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C303F6E2FFF0FFDA769C6FDA450BF9FD" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8BA6A569FFF0FFDA769C6FDA450BF9FD" blockId="30.[151,1437,396,1683]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">
<emphasis id="B96D797BFFF0FFDA769C6FDA4606FA4D" bold="true" box="[199,308,1477,1503]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Remarks</emphasis>
. The
<taxonomicName id="4C19DEEAFFF0FFDA77236FDA46E8FA4D" box="[376,474,1477,1503]" class="Insecta" family="Pentatomidae" genus="Okeanos" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B96D797BFFF0FFDA77236FDA46E8FA4D" box="[376,474,1477,1503]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Okeanos</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
specimen differs from the
<typeStatus id="54A21BCBFFF0FFDA75486FDA4471FA4D" box="[787,835,1477,1503]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">type</typeStatus>
in having slightly larger polyps (3.0–
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vs 2.0 mm) and thus a larger whorl diameter, and in having a primarily unbranched colony, that of the
<typeStatus id="54A21BCBFFF0FFDA72946FF643CDF991" box="[1231,1279,1513,1539]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">type</typeStatus>
of
<taxonomicName id="4C19DEEAFFF0FFDA737D6FF542AFF991" authorityName=": Cairns &amp; Bayer" authorityYear="2007" box="[1318,1437,1513,1539]" class="Anthozoa" family="Primnoidae" genus="Narella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="horrida">
<emphasis id="B96D797BFFF0FFDA737D6FF542AFF991" box="[1318,1437,1513,1539]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">N. horrida</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
being sparsely branched. Since all other characters are similar and at least one of the branches of the
<taxonomicName id="4C19DEEAFFF0FFDA73616C1242AEF9B5" box="[1338,1436,1549,1575]" class="Insecta" family="Pentatomidae" genus="Okeanos" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B96D797BFFF0FFDA73616C1242AEF9B5" box="[1338,1436,1549,1575]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Okeanos</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
specimen is branched, it is likely that they are conspecific. This would appear to be the first report of this species subsequent to its description in 1906.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C303F6E2FFF0FFDA769C6C674313F901" box="[199,1057,1656,1683]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="8BA6A569FFF0FFDA769C6C674313F901" blockId="30.[151,1437,396,1683]" box="[199,1057,1656,1683]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">
<emphasis id="B96D797BFFF0FFDA769C6C67466BF901" bold="true" box="[199,345,1656,1683]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Distribution</emphasis>
. Banda Sea,
<collectingCountry id="F30EE5F9FFF0FFDA77B76C66456FF901" box="[492,605,1657,1683]" name="Indonesia" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Indonesia</collectingCountry>
;
<collectingCountry id="F30EE5F9FFF0FFDA74336C664429F901" box="[616,795,1657,1683]" name="Tokelau" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Tokelau Islands</collectingCountry>
; off
<collectingCountry id="F30EE5F9FFF0FFDA75156C6644A3F901" box="[846,913,1657,1683]" name="Japan" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Japan</collectingCountry>
,
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204–
<specimenCount id="9D1F6EE0FFF0FFDA758F6C66432FF901" box="[980,1053,1657,1683]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" type="generic">327 m</specimenCount>
</quantity>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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