121 lines
15 KiB
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121 lines
15 KiB
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<document id="F2FAE655F72E2F59138B42BB8DD305DD" ID="10.11646/zootaxa.4270.1.1SLASH11140" ID-CLB-Dataset="32975" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.583183" ID-GBIF-Dataset="6c479acc-8b18-4f0b-a6e5-85bcd6d7b6b7" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="583183" ID-ZooBank="2D00AFF5-4FE2-4EC1-A328-C8670CFB8D6D" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1495696370209" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Jong, Rienk De" docDate="2017" docId="03AA87D32863FFF4F7F0FC53FBB6B639" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4270.1.1SLASH11140.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4270 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3.14:Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleId="5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleVersion="14" docTitle="Coliates proserpina" docType="treatment" docVersion="9" lastPageNumber="36" masterDocId="FF93FFAB2840FFD7F767FF87FFA3B03E" masterDocTitle="Fossil butterflies, calibration points and the molecular clock (Lepidoptera: Papilionoidea)" masterLastPageNumber="63" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="36" updateTime="1698439901205" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="9855F54598DD6C312840B9FC088DD01E">Fossil butterflies, calibration points and the molecular clock (Lepidoptera: Papilionoidea)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="7F7682326A1C61ED43E54873DBEE9F9A">Jong, Rienk De</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="F0F8586442A7766F1E0182FEFBDDECFB">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="D57D79849B85C943CFF723AF2A1ABD7F">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="513A6BE6AB3F76F3AC1F8CD82138633A">
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<mods:date id="C2B9A3ADB4628F04F77F5EB58D839F5A">2017</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="8397DAAA5A2D0D87D2CB6676699109D7">4270</mods:number>
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<mods:classification id="69D3DF6EC5E8812834F548EADD148BBE">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="0C681F171D196E3DAB7FB7DC6854B85B" type="CLB-Dataset">32975</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="458824A70C55FCCE11B50CC0C38C83A3" type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.583183</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="90AAA2A17C69F85A9B0300A689432725" type="GBIF-Dataset">6c479acc-8b18-4f0b-a6e5-85bcd6d7b6b7</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="4DD7FE73440AF5224555569CD3595E28" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="9A7B1AE9AAC7F93A1FD70FC547F4B7CE" type="Zenodo-Dep">583183</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment id="03AA87D32863FFF4F7F0FC53FBB6B639" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6047034" ID-GBIF-Taxon="130844870" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6047034" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03AA87D32863FFF4F7F0FC53FBB6B639" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03AA87D32863FFF4F7F0FC53FBB6B639" lastPageNumber="36" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
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<subSubSection id="C319654E2863FFF4F7F0FC53FE2FB40D" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BBC36C52863FFF4F7F0FC53FDE3B3D0" blockId="35.[151,576,980,1006]" box="[151,576,980,1006]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
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<heading id="D0F481A92863FFF4F7F0FC53FDE3B3D0" bold="true" box="[151,576,980,1006]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="B977EAD72863FFF4F7F0FC53FDE3B3D0" bold="true" box="[151,576,980,1006]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
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<emphasis id="B977EAD72863FFF4F7F0FC53FE83B3D0" bold="true" box="[151,288,980,1006]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
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<taxonomicName id="4C034D462863FFF4F7F0FC53FEBFB3D0" box="[151,284,980,1006]" class="Insecta" family="Pieridae" genus="Coliates" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="proserpina">proserpina</taxonomicName>
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.
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</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="4C034D462863FFF4F64FFC53FDE3B3D0" authority="Scudder, 1875" authorityName="Scudder" authorityYear="1875" box="[296,576,980,1006]" class="Insecta" family="Pieridae" genus="Coliates" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B977EAD72863FFF4F64FFC53FE29B3D0" bold="true" box="[296,394,980,1006]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Coliates</emphasis>
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Scudder, 1875
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</taxonomicName>
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BBC36C52863FFF4F7F0FB9DFE2FB40D" blockId="35.[151,1437,1050,1543]" box="[151,396,1050,1075]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Family incertae sedis.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C319654E2863FFF4F7A0FBB8FBB6B639" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8BBC36C52863FFF4F7A0FBB8FB8EB468" blockId="35.[151,1437,1050,1543]" box="[199,1069,1086,1111]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">France, Bouches-du-Rhône, Aix-en-Provence; late Oligocene–early Miocene.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BBC36C52863FFF4F7A0FBE5FD8EB445" blockId="35.[151,1437,1050,1543]" box="[199,557,1122,1147]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Depository: MNHN (probably).</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BBC36C52863FFF4F7A0FB01FBA7B4A1" blockId="35.[151,1437,1050,1543]" box="[199,1028,1158,1183]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
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Published figures:
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<bibRefCitation id="EF924B342863FFF4F6FEFB00FD16B4A1" author="Leestmans" box="[409,693,1158,1183]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" refString="Leestmans, R. (1983) Les Lepidopteres fossiles trouves en France (Insecta Lepidoptera). Linneana belgica, 9, 64 - 89." type="journal article" year="1983">
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Leestmans (1983:
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<figureCitation id="13382A402863FFF4F50FFB01FD08B4A1" box="[616,683,1158,1183]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="16.[151,250,1784,1806]" captionTargetBox="[238,1332,193,1743]" captionTargetId="figure@16.[238,1332,193,1754]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURE 5. Ƒanessa amerindica Miller & Brown, 1989, holotype, collections of Invertebrate Paleontology, University of Florida. Photo by Roger Portell. Fig. 6. Pseudoneorina coulleti Nel & Descimon, 1984. France, Dép. Alpes-de-Haute- Provence, Dauphin, specimen in coll. M. Henrotay; photo by courtesy of M. Henrotay. Fig. 7. Archaeolycorea ferreirai Martins-Neto, 1989. Fig. 4 A of original description. Fig. 8. Oligodonta florissantensis Brown, 1976, holotype, collections of Invertebrate Paleontology, University of Florida. Photo by courtesy of Akito Kawahara. Fig. 9. Neorinella garciae Martins- Neto, Kucera-Santos, de Moraes Vieira & de Campos Fragoso, 1993. Fig. 3 A of original description. Fig. 10. Protocoeliades kristenseni de Jong, 2016, holotype, Zoologisk Museum, Copenhagen, Denmark. Photo by Department of Paleobiology, National Museum of Natural History, Washington DC, USA." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/583187/files/figure.png" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
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)
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</bibRefCitation>
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; Scudder (1875: Pl. II
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<figureCitation id="13382A402863FFF4F4D4FB01FC55B4A1" box="[947,1014,1158,1183]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="16.[151,250,1784,1806]" captionTargetBox="[238,1332,193,1743]" captionTargetId="figure@16.[238,1332,193,1754]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURE 5. Ƒanessa amerindica Miller & Brown, 1989, holotype, collections of Invertebrate Paleontology, University of Florida. Photo by Roger Portell. Fig. 6. Pseudoneorina coulleti Nel & Descimon, 1984. France, Dép. Alpes-de-Haute- Provence, Dauphin, specimen in coll. M. Henrotay; photo by courtesy of M. Henrotay. Fig. 7. Archaeolycorea ferreirai Martins-Neto, 1989. Fig. 4 A of original description. Fig. 8. Oligodonta florissantensis Brown, 1976, holotype, collections of Invertebrate Paleontology, University of Florida. Photo by courtesy of Akito Kawahara. Fig. 9. Neorinella garciae Martins- Neto, Kucera-Santos, de Moraes Vieira & de Campos Fragoso, 1993. Fig. 3 A of original description. Fig. 10. Protocoeliades kristenseni de Jong, 2016, holotype, Zoologisk Museum, Copenhagen, Denmark. Photo by Department of Paleobiology, National Museum of Natural History, Washington DC, USA." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/583187/files/figure.png" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BBC36C52863FFF4F7A0FB2DFBB6B639" blockId="35.[151,1437,1050,1543]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
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Only forewings are available in this specimen. It seems that R2 is missing or fused with R1, while M1 is stalked on the common stem of R3, R4 and R5. The latter condition is widespread in
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<taxonomicName id="4C034D462863FFF4F306FB49FB63B4D9" box="[1121,1216,1230,1255]" class="Insecta" family="Pieridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Pieridae</taxonomicName>
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, but recurs in some
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<taxonomicName id="4C034D462863FFF4F7F0FB75FEB4B535" box="[151,279,1266,1291]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Lycaenidae</taxonomicName>
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and in one genus (
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<taxonomicName id="4C034D462863FFF4F688FB73FDF3B535" box="[495,592,1268,1291]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Microtia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B977EAD72863FFF4F688FB73FDF3B535" box="[495,592,1268,1291]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Microtia</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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) of
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<taxonomicName id="4C034D462863FFF4F5E7FB75FCB4B535" box="[640,791,1266,1291]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Nymphalidae</taxonomicName>
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and, thus, is insufficient to identify the fossil as a pierid. Scudder compared the fossil to
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<taxonomicName id="4C034D462863FFF4F564FA91FDEFB511" box="[515,588,1302,1327]" class="Insecta" family="Pieridae" genus="Delias" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B977EAD72863FFF4F564FA91FDEFB511" box="[515,588,1302,1327]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Delias</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(
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<taxonomicName id="4C034D462863FFF4F53AFA91FD1EB511" box="[605,701,1302,1327]" class="Insecta" family="Pieridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Pieridae</taxonomicName>
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,
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<collectingCountry id="F31476552863FFF4F5ACFA91FCA6B511" box="[715,773,1302,1327]" name="India" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">India</collectingCountry>
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to
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<collectingCountry id="F31476552863FFF4F44BFA91FC34B511" box="[812,919,1302,1327]" name="Australia" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Australia</collectingCountry>
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), but in this genus there are only three radial branches present. In most pierid genera two radial branches (R1 and R2) arise free from the cell. The fossil does not exhibit additional further characters that could be helpful phylogenetically; we can only identify the fossil as belonging to the
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<taxonomicName id="4C034D462863FFF4F605FA05FE62B5A5" box="[354,449,1410,1435]" class="Insecta" family="Pieridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Pieridae</taxonomicName>
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. Apparently based on Scudder’s comparison of the fossil with
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<taxonomicName id="4C034D462863FFF4F3C8FA05FB5BB5A5" box="[1199,1272,1410,1435]" class="Insecta" family="Pieridae" genus="Delias" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B977EAD72863FFF4F3C8FA05FB5BB5A5" box="[1199,1272,1410,1435]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Delias</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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and not on a personal inspection of the fossil or of the description,
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<bibRefCitation id="EF924B342863FFF4F588FA21FC67B581" box="[751,964,1446,1471]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" refString="Braby, M. F., Vila, R. & Pierce, N. E. (2006) Molecular phylogeny and systematics of the Pieridae (Lepidoptera: Papilionoidea): higher classification and biogeography. Zoological Journal Linnean Society, 147, 239 - 275. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1096 - 3642.2006.00218. x" type="journal article">
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Braby
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<emphasis id="B977EAD72863FFF4F45CFA20FCC8B581" box="[827,875,1446,1471]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">et al</emphasis>
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. (2006)
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</bibRefCitation>
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considered the closest relative the
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<emphasis id="B977EAD72863FFF4F22EFA21FEA2B5DD" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
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Delias-
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<taxonomicName id="4C034D462863FFF4F7F0FA4BFEA2B5DD" box="[151,257,1484,1507]" class="Insecta" family="Pieridae" genus="Prioneris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Prioneris</taxonomicName>
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</emphasis>
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group (possibly
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<taxonomicName id="4C034D462863FFF4F6A5FA4CFDB3B5DC" box="[450,528,1483,1506]" class="Insecta" family="Pieridae" genus="Aporia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B977EAD72863FFF4F6A5FA4CFDB3B5DC" box="[450,528,1483,1506]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Aporia</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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), and used it as calibration point for this node in the phylogeny of the
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<taxonomicName id="4C034D462863FFF4F25EFA4DFA3BB5DD" box="[1337,1432,1482,1507]" class="Insecta" family="Pieridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Pieridae</taxonomicName>
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, thus taking the risk that it greatly overestimates the divergence ages in
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<taxonomicName id="4C034D462863FFF4F4D6FA69FBB2B639" box="[945,1041,1518,1543]" class="Insecta" family="Pieridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Pieridae</taxonomicName>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document>
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