158 lines
18 KiB
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158 lines
18 KiB
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<document ID-DOI="10.5252/geodiversitas2019v41a15" ID-GBIF-Dataset="1e89d723-7f54-4d6b-85dd-6bcd573eca32" ID-ISSN="1638-9395" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3694209" ID-ZooBank="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:9DD3CC29-3AEA-44B8-8E8F-6AD882DF5B1C" checkinTime="1583172268754" checkinUser="valdenar" docAuthor="Bonis, Louis de, Gardin, Axelle & Blondel, Cécile" docDate="2019" docId="03A487991A6DFF93FED8F9196A0CFBBF" docLanguage="en" docName="Geodiversitas.41.15.601-621.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Geodiversitas 41 (15)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:F830B10FF475E64C1F1601E3B32DDC00.4:Geodiversitas.2018-.journal_article" docStyleId="F830B10FF475E64C1F1601E3B32DDC00" docStyleName="Geodiversitas.2018-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Cephalogale sp. 5 Bonis 2019" docType="treatment" docVersion="8" lastPageNumber="612" masterDocId="FF9DFFE11A60FF9EFFADFF8D6E62FF8E" masterDocTitle="Carnivora from the early Oligocene of the ‘ Phosphorites du Quercy’ in southwestern France" masterLastPageNumber="621" masterPageNumber="601" pageNumber="612" updateTime="1675702286038" updateUser="tatiana" zenodo-license-document="CC0-1.0" zenodo-license-figures="CC0-1.0">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Carnivora from the early Oligocene of the ‘ Phosphorites du Quercy’ in southwestern France</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Bonis, Louis de</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Palevoprim: laboratoire de Paléontologie, Évolution, Paléoécosystèmes, Paléoprimatologie, Bâtiment B 35 TSA 51106, 6 rue Michel Brunet F- 86073 Poitiers cedex 9 (France)</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">louis.debonis@univ-poitiers.fr</mods:nameIdentifier>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Gardin, Axelle</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Palevoprim: laboratoire de Paléontologie, Évolution, Paléoécosystèmes, Paléoprimatologie, Bâtiment B 35 TSA 51106, 6 rue Michel Brunet F- 86073 Poitiers cedex 9 (France)</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">axelle.gardin@univ-poitiers.fr</mods:nameIdentifier>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Blondel, Cécile</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Palevoprim: laboratoire de Paléontologie, Évolution, Paléoécosystèmes, Paléoprimatologie, Bâtiment B 35 TSA 51106, 6 rue Michel Brunet F- 86073 Poitiers cedex 9 (France)</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">cecile.blondel@univ-poitiers.fr</mods:nameIdentifier>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Geodiversitas</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2019</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="pubDate">
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<mods:number>2019-09-10</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>41</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail type="issue">
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<mods:number>15</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>601</mods:start>
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<mods:end>621</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">10.5252/geodiversitas2019v41a15</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="GBIF-Dataset">1e89d723-7f54-4d6b-85dd-6bcd573eca32</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ISSN">1638-9395</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">3694209</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:9DD3CC29-3AEA-44B8-8E8F-6AD882DF5B1C</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3703538" ID-GBIF-Taxon="162367500" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3703538" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03A487991A6DFF93FED8F9196A0CFBBF" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A487991A6DFF93FED8F9196A0CFBBF" lastPageNumber="612" pageId="13" pageNumber="612">
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<subSubSection box="[373,535,1684,1711]" pageId="13" pageNumber="612" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph blockId="13.[373,535,1684,1743]" box="[373,535,1684,1711]" pageId="13" pageNumber="612">
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<heading box="[373,535,1684,1711]" centered="true" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="13" pageNumber="612" reason="2">
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<taxonomicName authority="Bonis, 2019" authorityName="Bonis" authorityYear="2019" box="[373,535,1684,1711]" class="Mammalia" family="Ursidae" genus="Cephalogale" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="13" pageNumber="612" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sp. 5">
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<emphasis box="[373,497,1684,1710]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="612">Cephalogale</emphasis>
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sp.
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection box="[406,502,1716,1743]" pageId="13" pageNumber="612" type="description">
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<paragraph blockId="13.[373,535,1684,1743]" box="[406,502,1716,1743]" pageId="13" pageNumber="612">
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(
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<figureCitation box="[415,493,1716,1743]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="10.[132,143,1919,1937]" captionTargetBox="[190,1388,179,1887]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[747,1305,762,1331]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIG. 3. — A, Pachycynodon sp. 3, left M1-M2, UM VD47, in occlusal view; B, Pachycynodon cf. filholi, UM VD5, left hemi-mandible, in buccal (B1), lingual (B2), and occlusal (B3) views; C-E, Pachycynodon cf. dubius; C, left hemi-mandible UM VD14, in buccal (C1), lingual (C2), and occlusal (C3) views; D, right hemimandible UM VD4, in lingual (D1) and buccal (D2) views; E, right hemimandible VD6, in buccal (E1), and occlusal (E2) views; F, Cephalogale sp., left mandible UP MGB26, in lingual (F1), and buccal (F2) views; G, Pachycynodon sp. 5, left P4 UP VD51, in occlusal (G1), and mesial (G2) views; H, Pachycynodon cf. filholi, right m2, UP LPL14, in occlusal view. Scale bars: 5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3694215" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3694215/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="612">Fig. 3F</figureCitation>
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)
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="13" pageNumber="612" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph blockId="13.[132,774,1772,1823]" pageId="13" pageNumber="612">
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<collectionCode box="[132,181,1772,1796]" country="Australia" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/93c9-w2q7" name="University of Newcastle" pageId="13" pageNumber="612">NEW</collectionCode>
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<collectionCode box="[186,278,1777,1794]" pageId="13" pageNumber="612">MATERIAL</collectionCode>
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. —
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<materialsCitation pageId="13" pageNumber="612">
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Piece of hemi-mandible,
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<collectionCode box="[562,595,1773,1796]" country="Papua New Guinea" name="University of Papua and New Guinea" pageId="13" pageNumber="612">UP</collectionCode>
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<collectionCode box="[600,660,1773,1797]" country="Spain" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/d3z2-v7v8" name="Museo de Geologia (del Seminario Diocesano) de Barcelona" pageId="13" pageNumber="612">MGB</collectionCode>
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26, with p3, alveoli of c, p1, p2 and p4.
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</materialsCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="13" pageNumber="612" type="description">
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<paragraph blockId="13.[132,775,1875,2030]" box="[132,475,1875,1901]" pageId="13" pageNumber="612">
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DESCRIPTION
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<collectionCode box="[285,331,1879,1899]" pageId="13" pageNumber="612">AND</collectionCode>
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COMPARISON
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="13.[132,775,1875,2030]" pageId="13" pageNumber="612">
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The mandible (
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<figureCitation box="[308,395,1907,1933]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="10.[132,143,1919,1937]" captionTargetBox="[190,1388,179,1887]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[747,1305,762,1331]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIG. 3. — A, Pachycynodon sp. 3, left M1-M2, UM VD47, in occlusal view; B, Pachycynodon cf. filholi, UM VD5, left hemi-mandible, in buccal (B1), lingual (B2), and occlusal (B3) views; C-E, Pachycynodon cf. dubius; C, left hemi-mandible UM VD14, in buccal (C1), lingual (C2), and occlusal (C3) views; D, right hemimandible UM VD4, in lingual (D1) and buccal (D2) views; E, right hemimandible VD6, in buccal (E1), and occlusal (E2) views; F, Cephalogale sp., left mandible UP MGB26, in lingual (F1), and buccal (F2) views; G, Pachycynodon sp. 5, left P4 UP VD51, in occlusal (G1), and mesial (G2) views; H, Pachycynodon cf. filholi, right m2, UP LPL14, in occlusal view. Scale bars: 5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3694215" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3694215/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="612">Fig. 3F</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation box="[395,406,1907,1933]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="6.[132,143,1964,1982]" captionTargetBox="[212,1402,209,1931]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[755,1301,780,1349]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIG. 1. — A, Amphicynodon sp. 1: left hemi-mandible UP VAL2, in buccal (A1), lingual (A2), and occlusal (A3) views; B, Amphicynodon typicus: left mandible UP VAL1, in buccal (B1), lingual (B2), and occlusal (B3) views; C, Amphicynodon sp. 3: right M1, UM VD49, in occlusal view; D, Amphicynodon sp. 2: right M1, UM VBO492, in occlusal view. Scale bars: A, B, 10 mm; C, D, 5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3694211" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3694211/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="612">1</figureCitation>
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, F
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<figureCitation box="[438,452,1907,1933]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="8.[132,143,1919,1937]" captionTargetBox="[203,1385,217,1847]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[747,1305,758,1327]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIG. 2. — A, Pachycynodon boriei or curvirostris (Filhol, 1876): A1-A3, UP LPL13, right m1, in buccal (A1), lingual (A2), and occlusal (A3) views; A4, A5, d3-d4, in buccal (A4), and lingual (A5) views; B, C, Pachycynodon sp. 1; B, UP MGB9, left d4, in buccal (B1), lingual (B2), and occlusal (B3) views (stereo); C, UM VD16, right d4, in buccal (C1), lingual (C2) view, and occlusal (C3) views; D, Pachycynodon sp. 2, UM VD18, right d4; D1, lingual view, occlusal (D2), and buccal (D3) views; E, Pachycynodon cf. filholi, UM VD7, left hemi-mandible, in buccal (E1), lingual (E2), and occlusal (E3) views; F, Pachycynodon sp. 3, UM VD48 M1, in occlusal view; G, Pachycynodon sp. 4, UM VD50 M1, in occlusal view. Scale bars: 5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3694213" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3694213/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="612">2</figureCitation>
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) belongs to a medium sized carnivoran. The corpus height under p3 is
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<quantity box="[620,725,1939,1966]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.97" pageId="13" pageNumber="612" unit="mm" value="19.7">19.7 mm</quantity>
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and the thickness
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<quantity box="[278,381,1971,1998]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.25" pageId="13" pageNumber="612" unit="mm" value="4.25">4.25 mm</quantity>
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. There are two mental foramina, one under the roots of p2, another under the distal root of p3. The
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="13.[813,1456,217,1073]" pageId="13" pageNumber="612">
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size of the tooth (L = 8.45, w = 4.25) is within the range of
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<emphasis box="[813,985,249,275]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="612">Cyonarctos dessei</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation author="Bonis" box="[991,1125,249,275]" firstAuthor="Bonis" pageId="13" pageNumber="612" pagination="787 - 814" refId="ref16862" refString="BONIS L. DE 2013. - Ursidae (Mammalia, Carnivora) from the late Oligocene of the " Phosphorites du Quercy " (France) and a reappraisal of the genus Cephalogale Geoffroy, 1862. Geodiversitas 35 (4): 787 - 814. https: // doi. org / 10.5252 / g 2013 n 4 a 4. https: // doi. org / 10.5252 / g 2013 n 4 a 4" type="journal article" year="2013">Bonis, 2013</bibRefCitation>
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, with length =
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<quantity box="[1286,1455,249,276]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.35" metricValueMax="11.1" metricValueMin="7.6" pageId="13" pageNumber="612" unit="mm" value="9.35" valueMax="11.1" valueMin="7.6">7.6 to 11.1 mm</quantity>
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and width 3.15 to 5.71 (
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<bibRefCitation author="Bonis" box="[1081,1206,281,307]" firstAuthor="Bonis" pageId="13" pageNumber="612" pagination="787 - 814" refId="ref16862" refString="BONIS L. DE 2013. - Ursidae (Mammalia, Carnivora) from the late Oligocene of the " Phosphorites du Quercy " (France) and a reappraisal of the genus Cephalogale Geoffroy, 1862. Geodiversitas 35 (4): 787 - 814. https: // doi. org / 10.5252 / g 2013 n 4 a 4. https: // doi. org / 10.5252 / g 2013 n 4 a 4" type="journal article" year="2013">Bonis 2013</bibRefCitation>
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: table 1) but the shape is different. The profile of the crown is slightly asymmetrical, the distal part being larger than the mesial one. The buccal face is convex but the lingual one is separated into two parts by a vertical median pillar, with both parts being slightly concave. A weak cingulid runs along the lingual base and, to in a lesser extent, the buccal one, to distally enclose a small and very shallow talonid basin.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="13.[813,1456,217,1073]" pageId="13" pageNumber="612">
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The morphology of
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<collectionCode box="[1043,1106,536,562]" country="Spain" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/d3z2-v7v8" name="Museo de Geologia (del Seminario Diocesano) de Barcelona" pageId="13" pageNumber="612">MGB</collectionCode>
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26 is far from that of the shearing premolars of the nimravids. It is the same, judging from the shape of P4, with the small amphicyonid
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<emphasis box="[1236,1345,600,626]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="612">Goupilictis</emphasis>
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Ginsburg, 1969. Thus,
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<collectionCode box="[941,1003,632,658]" country="Spain" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/d3z2-v7v8" name="Museo de Geologia (del Seminario Diocesano) de Barcelona" pageId="13" pageNumber="612">MGB</collectionCode>
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26 fits the
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Bonis" authorityYear="2013" box="[1112,1256,632,658]" class="Mammalia" family="Ursidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="13" pageNumber="612" phylum="Chordata" rank="tribe" tribe="Cephalogalini">Cephalogalini</taxonomicName>
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better.
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<emphasis box="[1331,1455,632,658]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="612">Adelpharctos</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation author="Bonis" box="[813,942,664,690]" firstAuthor="Bonis" pageId="13" pageNumber="612" pagination="117 - 127" refId="ref16644" refString="BONIS L. DE 1971. - Deux nouveaux carnassiers des Phosphorites du Quercy. Annales de Paleontologie 57 (1): 117 - 127." type="journal article" year="1971">Bonis, 1971</bibRefCitation>
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is larger. The p3 is missing in the
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<typeStatus box="[1294,1389,664,690]" pageId="13" pageNumber="612">holotype</typeStatus>
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of the nominal species, but the shape and size of p4, large, high, and nearly symmetrical, may give an idea of the p3 morphology. However, the tooth is present in
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<emphasis box="[1153,1276,759,786]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="612">A. ginsburgi</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation author="Bonis" box="[1281,1410,759,785]" firstAuthor="Bonis" pageId="13" pageNumber="612" pagination="179 - 186" refId="ref16805" refString="BONIS L. DE 2011. - A new species of Adelpharctos (Mammalia, Carnivora, Ursidae) from the late Oligocene of the " Phosphorites du Quercy " (France). Estudios Geologicos 67 (2): 179 - 186. https: // doi. org / 10.3989 / egeol. 40553.181" type="journal article" year="2011">Bonis, 2011</bibRefCitation>
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and confirms the deduction.
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<emphasis box="[1086,1210,791,817]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="612">Phoberogale</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation author="Ginsburg & Morales" firstAuthor="Ginsburg" pageId="13" pageNumber="612" pagination="811 - 815" refId="ref17997" refString="GINSBURG L. & MORALES J. 1995. - Zaragocyon daamsi n. gen. n. sp., Ursidae primitif du Miocene inferieur d'Espagne. Comptes rendus hebdomadaires des Seances de l'Academie des Sciences, serie IIa, 321: 811 - 815. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / SO 753 - 3969 (98) 80003 - 7" type="journal article" year="1995">Ginsburg & Morales, 1995</bibRefCitation>
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displays a very low and elongate p3 with a more robust cingulid and a clear pacd.
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<emphasis box="[1098,1209,855,881]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="612">Cyonarctos</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation author="Bonis" box="[1216,1348,855,881]" firstAuthor="Bonis" pageId="13" pageNumber="612" pagination="787 - 814" refId="ref16862" refString="BONIS L. DE 2013. - Ursidae (Mammalia, Carnivora) from the late Oligocene of the " Phosphorites du Quercy " (France) and a reappraisal of the genus Cephalogale Geoffroy, 1862. Geodiversitas 35 (4): 787 - 814. https: // doi. org / 10.5252 / g 2013 n 4 a 4. https: // doi. org / 10.5252 / g 2013 n 4 a 4" type="journal article" year="2013">Bonis, 2013</bibRefCitation>
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differs by the higher and more pointed p3 without cingulid and talonid basin. The closest genus seems to be
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<emphasis box="[1188,1310,919,945]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="612">Cephalogale</emphasis>
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with the closest species being
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<emphasis box="[997,1141,951,977]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="612">C. brevirostris</emphasis>
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(Croizet
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<emphasis box="[1245,1267,951,976]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="612">in</emphasis>
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Blainville, 1845) (
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<bibRefCitation box="[822,986,982,1009]" pageId="13" pageNumber="612" refId="ref16497" type="book">Blainville 1845</bibRefCitation>
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: 122) and
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<emphasis box="[1106,1256,983,1009]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="612">C. gergoviensis</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation author="Viret" box="[1263,1391,982,1009]" firstAuthor="Viret" pageId="13" pageNumber="612" pagination="1 - 305" refId="ref19411" refString="VIRET J. 1929 - Les faunes de mammiferes de l'Oligocene superieur de la Limagne bourbonnaise. Memoires de l'Universite de Lyon 47: 1 - 305." type="journal article" year="1929">Viret, 1929</bibRefCitation>
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. Thus we cannot provide a specific attribution, and then the fossil is identified as
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<emphasis box="[973,1097,1046,1072]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="612">Cephalogale</emphasis>
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sp.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document>
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