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<document id="7A2B5C2F923945EC5DE8AE185D6D3CA4" ID-CLB-Dataset="42366" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.3873.4.3" ID-GBIF-Dataset="3762132e-7358-44b3-a430-0708f1fe15f5" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="229232" ID-ZooBank="7FCB1765-9A81-4BA7-9633-F896B2B808BA" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1460937074552" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Haukisalmi, Voitto, Hardman, Lotta M., Hoberg, Eric P. &amp; Henttonen, Heikki" docDate="2014" docId="0388DB328C6CB87825CFF8801CE59201" docLanguage="en" docName="zt03873p415.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 3873 (4)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Chionocestus" docType="treatment" docVersion="9" lastPageNumber="384" masterDocId="FFB1A34A8C60B8752558FFCC1E559635" masterDocTitle="Phylogenetic relationships and taxonomic revision of Paranoplocephala Lühe, 1910 sensu lato (Cestoda, Cyclophyllidea, Anoplocephalidae)" masterLastPageNumber="415" masterPageNumber="371" pageNumber="383" updateTime="1698583556843" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="58D0483E2BB3D70927933D9D9F385919">Phylogenetic relationships and taxonomic revision of Paranoplocephala Lühe, 1910 sensu lato (Cestoda, Cyclophyllidea, Anoplocephalidae)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="B8D6D14662D6977807DBF0C05676349E">Haukisalmi, Voitto</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="6263F02C2D1C4DF347D59BD2710EC3BD">Hardman, Lotta M.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="FDA14E741B635D7409928F7456286C68">Hoberg, Eric P.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="D7E79029B7B3D105BE5932D4BED9A66C">Henttonen, Heikki</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="11E1B7C518772772CD7C83A602F89041">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="E4FBBF616612EB42910A68D53936A6C9">
<mods:date id="6F49D9A9B82E3D5ECEA0163C30EDC0E7">2014</mods:date>
<mods:detail id="D6C7523E52541C9E0290BE675FB4BBF2" type="volume">
<mods:number id="2ABE230F98B8DFFE6818BF2DDAFC54DA">3873</mods:number>
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<treatment id="0388DB328C6CB87825CFF8801CE59201" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5686990" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119590850" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5686990" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0388DB328C6CB87825CFF8801CE59201" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/0388DB328C6CB87825CFF8801CE59201" lastPageId="13" lastPageNumber="384" pageId="12" pageNumber="383">
<subSubSection id="C33B39AF8C6CB87925CFF8801EBE91BD" pageId="12" pageNumber="383" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8B9E6A248C6CB87925CFF8801F239153" blockId="12.[151,374,1868,1928]" box="[151,374,1868,1894]" pageId="12" pageNumber="383">
<heading id="D0D6DD488C6CB87925CFF8801F239153" bold="true" box="[151,374,1868,1894]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="12" pageNumber="383" reason="1">
<emphasis id="B955B6368C6CB87925CFF8801F239153" bold="true" box="[151,374,1868,1894]" pageId="12" pageNumber="383">
<taxonomicName id="4C2111A78C6CB87925CFF8801F6F9153" box="[151,314,1868,1894]" class="Cestoda" family="Anoplocephalidae" genus="Chionocestus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cyclophyllidea" pageId="12" pageNumber="383" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B955B6368C6CB87925CFF8801F6F9153" bold="true" box="[151,314,1868,1894]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="383">Chionocestus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
n. g.
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9E6A248C6CB87925CFF8A31EBE91BD" blockId="12.[151,374,1868,1928]" box="[151,235,1903,1928]" pageId="12" pageNumber="383">
(
<figureCitation id="131A76A18C6CB87925C7F8A31EB691BD" box="[159,227,1903,1928]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="13.[151,250,1654,1676]" captionTargetBox="[155,1432,1136,1628]" captionTargetId="figure@13.[150,1436,1132,1633]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURE 9. Chionocestus yoccozi from Chionomys nivalis from France. A. Scolex and neck (redrawn from Haukisalmi et al. 2002). B. Mature proglottid." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/229241/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="383">Fig. 9</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C33B39AF8C6CB87925CFF87B1D6A91C1" pageId="12" pageNumber="383" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="8B9E6A248C6CB87925CFF87B1D6A91C1" blockId="12.[151,1436,1975,2036]" pageId="12" pageNumber="383">
<emphasis id="B955B6368C6CB87925CFF87B1F4B91E5" bold="true" box="[151,286,1975,2000]" pageId="12" pageNumber="383">Etymology.</emphasis>
The name of the new genus refers to the Greek “chioni” (χιόνι, snow) and
<taxonomicName id="4C2111A78C6CB87921DDF87B1B5691E5" box="[1157,1283,1975,2000]" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Chionomys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="12" pageNumber="383" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B955B6368C6CB87921DDF87B1B5691E5" box="[1157,1283,1975,2000]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="383">Chionomys</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<taxonomicName id="4C2111A78C6CB879204DF87B1B0A91E5" box="[1301,1375,1975,2000]" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Chionomys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="12" pageNumber="383" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nivalis">
<emphasis id="B955B6368C6CB879204DF87B1B0A91E5" box="[1301,1375,1975,2000]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="383">nivalis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
), the only known host of
<taxonomicName id="4C2111A78C6CB879242FF8101FBE91C6" box="[375,491,2012,2035]" class="Cestoda" family="Anoplocephalidae" genus="Parandrya" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cyclophyllidea" pageId="12" pageNumber="383" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="yoccozi">
<emphasis id="B955B6368C6CB879242FF8101FBE91C6" box="[375,491,2012,2035]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="383">C. yoccozi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. “
<emphasis id="B955B6368C6CB879275EF8171CF891C1" box="[518,685,2011,2036]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="383">
<taxonomicName id="4C2111A78C6CB879275EF8171CF091C1" box="[518,677,2011,2036]" class="Cestoda" family="Anoplocephalidae" genus="Chionocestus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cyclophyllidea" pageId="12" pageNumber="383" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="genus">Chionocestus</taxonomicName>
”
</emphasis>
is masculine
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C33B39AF8C6DB878259FFF5B1A3294C5" pageId="13" pageNumber="384" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="8B9E6A248C6DB878259FFF5B1DF49409" blockId="13.[151,1437,151,573]" pageId="13" pageNumber="384">
<emphasis id="B955B6368C6DB878259FFF5B1F149685" bold="true" box="[199,321,151,176]" pageId="13" pageNumber="384">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
Strobila of intermediate length, relatively wide. Scolex wide, but relatively short, apically flattened, with irregular protuberances formed by large intensely staining cells. Suckers large, directed laterally or anterolaterally. Neck short and wide, minimum width ca. 75% of scolex width. Length/width ratio of mature proglottids ca. 30%. Proglottids craspedote with well-developed velum. Genital pores unilateral. Genital ducts pass dorsal to longitudinal osmoregulatory canals. Testes distributed antiporally and anteriorly to ovary, few testes usually extending beyond antiporal ventral canal; testes not reaching corresponding poral canal. Testes overlap slightly margins of ovary. Distal end of cirrus sac blunt, formed by few large vesicles; cirrus sac extending across poral ventral canal. Vagina and vaginal tube widening distally, positioned postero-ventral or posteriorly to cirrus sac, slightly shorter than cirrus sac. Seminal receptacle pyriform or slightly asymmetrically elongated. Ovary poral. Vitellarium usually bipartite, parts connected by narrow isthmus. Early uterus densely reticulated, anterior, ventral to other organs, extending across longitudinal canals bilaterally, with lateral parts widening posteriorly. In the snow vole
<taxonomicName id="4C2111A78C6DB8782596FDE81FCB9408" box="[206,414,548,573]" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Chionomys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="13" pageNumber="384" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nivalis">
<emphasis id="B955B6368C6DB8782596FDE81FCB9408" box="[206,414,548,573]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="384">Chionomys nivalis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<taxonomicName id="4C2111A78C6DB87824F4FDE81C739408" box="[428,550,548,573]" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="13" pageNumber="384" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Cricetidae</taxonomicName>
:
<taxonomicName id="4C2111A78C6DB8782777FDE81CE09408" box="[559,693,548,573]" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="13" pageNumber="384" phylum="Chordata" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Arvicolinae">Arvicolinae</taxonomicName>
) in southern Europe.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9E6A248C6DB87825CFFDA11DD994B0" blockId="13.[151,997,620,680]" box="[151,908,620,645]" pageId="13" pageNumber="384">
<typeStatus id="549AD4868C6DB87825CFFDA11E9A94B0" box="[151,207,621,645]" pageId="13" pageNumber="384">Type</typeStatus>
species:
<taxonomicName id="4C2111A78C6DB878246DFDA11D7694B0" authority="Haukisalmi &amp; Henttonen, 2005" authorityName="Haukisalmi &amp; Henttonen" authorityYear="2005" box="[309,803,620,645]" class="Cestoda" family="Anoplocephalidae" genus="Parandrya" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cyclophyllidea" pageId="13" pageNumber="384" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="yoccozi" status="comb. nov.">
<emphasis id="B955B6368C6DB878246DFDA11FFC94B1" box="[309,425,621,644]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="384">C. yoccozi</emphasis>
(Haukisalmi &amp; Henttonen, 2005)
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2660B4D8C6DB8782672FDA11DD994B0" box="[810,908,620,645]" pageId="13" pageNumber="384">n. comb.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9E6A248C6DB878240BFD431DB0949D" blockId="13.[151,997,620,680]" box="[339,997,655,680]" pageId="13" pageNumber="384">
<taxonomicName id="4C2111A78C6DB878240BFD431DB0949D" authority="Haukisalmi &amp; Henttonen, 2005" authorityName="Haukisalmi &amp; Henttonen" authorityYear="2005" box="[339,997,655,680]" class="Cestoda" family="Anoplocephalidae" genus="Paranoplocephala" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cyclophyllidea" pageId="13" pageNumber="384" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="yoccozi">
<emphasis id="B955B6368C6DB878240BFD431C2B949D" box="[339,638,655,680]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="384">Paranoplocephala yoccozi</emphasis>
Haukisalmi &amp; Henttonen, 2005
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9E6A248C6DB87825CFFD1B1A3294C5" blockId="13.[151,1437,727,1077]" box="[151,1127,727,752]" pageId="13" pageNumber="384">
<typeStatus id="549AD4868C6DB87825CFFD1B1EAA94C5" box="[151,255,727,752]" pageId="13" pageNumber="384" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
of
<taxonomicName id="4C2111A78C6DB878247CFD141FCC94C5" box="[292,409,728,752]" class="Cestoda" family="Anoplocephalidae" genus="Paranoplocephala" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cyclophyllidea" pageId="13" pageNumber="384" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="yoccozi">
<emphasis id="B955B6368C6DB878247CFD141FCC94C5" box="[292,409,728,752]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="384">C. yoccozi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
: USNPC 95380 (included in the present phylogenetic analysis).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C33B39AF8C6DB878259FFD301CE59201" pageId="13" pageNumber="384" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8B9E6A248C6DB878259FFD301DFE95D8" blockId="13.[151,1437,727,1077]" pageId="13" pageNumber="384">
<emphasis id="B955B6368C6DB878259FFD301F619520" bold="true" box="[199,308,764,789]" pageId="13" pageNumber="384">Remarks</emphasis>
.
<taxonomicName id="4C2111A78C6DB878241EFD301F889520" box="[326,477,764,789]" class="Cestoda" family="Anoplocephalidae" genus="Chionocestus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cyclophyllidea" pageId="13" pageNumber="384" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B955B6368C6DB878241EFD301F889520" box="[326,477,764,789]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="384">Chionocestus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
resembles
<taxonomicName id="4C2111A78C6DB878273CFD301C889520" box="[612,733,764,789]" class="Cestoda" family="Anoplocephalidae" genus="Parandrya" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cyclophyllidea" pageId="13" pageNumber="384" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B955B6368C6DB878273CFD301C889520" box="[612,733,764,789]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="384">Parandrya</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C2111A78C6DB87827A8FD301D269520" box="[752,883,764,789]" class="Cestoda" family="Anoplocephalidae" genus="Microticola" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cyclophyllidea" pageId="13" pageNumber="384" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B955B6368C6DB87827A8FD301D269520" box="[752,883,764,789]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="384">Microticola</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C2111A78C6DB87826EBFD311A189521" box="[947,1101,765,788]" class="Cestoda" family="Anoplocephalidae" genus="Beringitaenia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cyclophyllidea" pageId="13" pageNumber="384" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B955B6368C6DB87826EBFD311A189521" box="[947,1101,765,788]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="384">Beringitaenia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in having a wide (&gt;65% of scolex width) and usually short neck, transversely elongated mature proglottids (length/width ratio 10–29%), primarily antiporally positioned testes that do not reach the poral ventral canal and porally positioned ovary.
<taxonomicName id="4C2111A78C6DB87825CFFCAB1F7B95B5" box="[151,302,871,896]" class="Cestoda" family="Anoplocephalidae" genus="Chionocestus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cyclophyllidea" pageId="13" pageNumber="384" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B955B6368C6DB87825CFFCAB1F7B95B5" box="[151,302,871,896]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="384">Chionocestus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
differs from all the latter genera by its distinctive scolex, cirrus sac and vitellarium. In addition, it can be distinguished by the distribution of testes from
<taxonomicName id="4C2111A78C6DB878279DFC401D6B9590" box="[709,830,908,933]" class="Cestoda" family="Anoplocephalidae" genus="Parandrya" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cyclophyllidea" pageId="13" pageNumber="384" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B955B6368C6DB878279DFC401D6B9590" box="[709,830,908,933]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="384">Parandrya</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C2111A78C6DB878262CFC411A5B9591" box="[884,1038,909,932]" class="Cestoda" family="Anoplocephalidae" genus="Beringitaenia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cyclophyllidea" pageId="13" pageNumber="384" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B955B6368C6DB878262CFC411A5B9591" box="[884,1038,909,932]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="384">Beringitaenia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(testes extending less porally in the latter), by the shape of the seminal receptacle from
<taxonomicName id="4C2111A78C6DB878278CFC631D1B95FD" box="[724,846,943,968]" class="Cestoda" family="Anoplocephalidae" genus="Parandrya" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cyclophyllidea" pageId="13" pageNumber="384" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B955B6368C6DB878278CFC631D1B95FD" box="[724,846,943,968]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="384">Parandrya</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(distinctly elongated) and
<taxonomicName id="4C2111A78C6DB8782121FC7D1B4695FD" box="[1145,1299,945,968]" class="Cestoda" family="Anoplocephalidae" genus="Beringitaenia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cyclophyllidea" pageId="13" pageNumber="384" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B955B6368C6DB8782121FC7D1B4695FD" box="[1145,1299,945,968]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="384">Beringitaenia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(ovoid) and by the body length from
<taxonomicName id="4C2111A78C6DB87824F4FC191C1395D9" box="[428,582,981,1004]" class="Cestoda" family="Anoplocephalidae" genus="Beringitaenia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cyclophyllidea" pageId="13" pageNumber="384" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B955B6368C6DB87824F4FC191C1395D9" box="[428,582,981,1004]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="384">Beringitaenia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(distinctly shorter in the latter).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9E6A248C6DB878259FFC3B1CE59201" blockId="13.[151,1437,727,1077]" pageId="13" pageNumber="384">
<taxonomicName id="4C2111A78C6DB878259FFC3B1F939225" box="[199,454,1015,1040]" class="Cestoda" family="Anoplocephalidae" genus="Chionocestus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cyclophyllidea" pageId="13" pageNumber="384" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="yoccozi">
<emphasis id="B955B6368C6DB878259FFC3B1F939225" box="[199,454,1015,1040]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="384">Chionocestus yoccozi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
formed an unresolved clade with
<taxonomicName id="4C2111A78C6DB87826CCFC3B1A5B9225" box="[916,1038,1015,1040]" class="Cestoda" family="Anoplocephalidae" genus="Parandrya" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cyclophyllidea" pageId="13" pageNumber="384" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B955B6368C6DB87826CCFC3B1A5B9225" box="[916,1038,1015,1040]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="384">Parandrya</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
spp.,
<taxonomicName id="4C2111A78C6DB8782134FC3B1AA69225" box="[1132,1267,1015,1040]" class="Cestoda" family="Anoplocephalidae" genus="Gallegoides" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cyclophyllidea" pageId="13" pageNumber="384" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B955B6368C6DB8782134FC3B1AA69225" box="[1132,1267,1015,1040]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="384">Gallegoides</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<taxonomicName id="4C2111A78C6DB8782049FC341B009225" box="[1297,1365,1016,1040]" class="Cestoda" family="Anoplocephalidae" genus="Gallegoides" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cyclophyllidea" pageId="13" pageNumber="384" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="arfaai">
<emphasis id="B955B6368C6DB8782049FC341B009225" box="[1297,1365,1016,1040]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="384">arfaai</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) and
<taxonomicName id="4C2111A78C6DB87825CFFBD01F359200" box="[151,352,1052,1077]" class="Cestoda" family="Anoplocephalidae" genus="Microcephaloides" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cyclophyllidea" pageId="13" pageNumber="384" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B955B6368C6DB87825CFFBD01F359200" box="[151,352,1052,1077]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="384">Microcephaloides</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
spp. in all sequence data sets.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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