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@prefix rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#> .
@prefix rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#> .
@prefix bibo: <http://purl.org/ontology/bibo/> .
@prefix cito: <http://purl.org/spar/cito/> .
@prefix dc: <http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/> .
@prefix dwc: <http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/> .
@prefix dwcFP: <http://filteredpush.org/ontologies/oa/dwcFP#> .
@prefix fabio: <http://purl.org/spar/fabio/> .
@prefix trt: <http://plazi.org/vocab/treatment#> .
@prefix xlink: <http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink/> .
<http://treatment.plazi.org/id/A72C87FBFF9BFF870D180F840E5997B6>
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dc:creator "Cupello, Mario; Vaz-De, Fernando Z." ;
dc:title "Sylvicanthon Halffter & Martinez 1977" ;
trt:augmentsTaxonConcept <http://taxon-concept.plazi.org/id/Animalia/Sylvicanthon_Halffter_1977> ;
trt:publishedIn <http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2018.467> ;
a trt:Treatment .
<http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2018.467>
bibo:endPage "205" ;
bibo:journal "European Journal of Taxonomy" ;
bibo:pubDate "2018-10-16" ;
bibo:startPage "1" ;
bibo:volume "467" ;
dc:creator "Cupello, Mario; Vaz-De, Fernando Z." ;
dc:date "2018" ;
dc:title "A monographic revision of the Neotropical dung beetle genus Sylvicanthon Halffter & Martínez, 1977 (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae: Deltochilini), including a reappraisal of the taxonomic history of ‘ Canthon sensu lato’" ;
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a fabio:JournalArticle .
<http://taxon-concept.plazi.org/id/Animalia/Sylvicanthon_Halffter_1977>
dwc:authority "Halffter & Martinez, 1977" ;
dwc:authorityName "Halffter & Martinez" ;
dwc:authorityYear "1977" ;
dwc:class "Insecta" ;
dwc:family "Scarabaeidae" ;
dwc:genus "Sylvicanthon" ;
dwc:kingdom "Animalia" ;
dwc:order "Coleoptera" ;
dwc:phylum "Arthropoda" ;
dwc:rank "genus" ;
dwc:scientificNameAuthorship "Halffter & Martinez, 1977" ;
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dwc:authority "Harold, 1869" ;
dwc:authorityName "Harold" ;
dwc:authorityYear "1869" ;
dwc:class "Insecta" ;
dwc:family "Scarabaeidae" ;
dwc:genus "Canthon" ;
dwc:kingdom "Animalia" ;
dwc:order "Coleoptera" ;
dwc:phylum "Arthropoda" ;
dwc:rank "species" ;
dwc:scientificNameAuthorship "Harold, 1869" ;
dwc:species "candezei" ;
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a dwcFP:TaxonConcept .
<http://taxon-name.plazi.org/id/Animalia/Sylvicanthon>
dwc:class "Insecta" ;
dwc:family "Scarabaeidae" ;
dwc:genus "Sylvicanthon" ;
dwc:kingdom "Animalia" ;
dwc:order "Coleoptera" ;
dwc:phylum "Arthropoda" ;
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dwc:class "Insecta" ;
dwc:family "Scarabaeidae" ;
dwc:genus "Canthon" ;
dwc:kingdom "Animalia" ;
dwc:order "Coleoptera" ;
dwc:phylum "Arthropoda" ;
dwc:rank "species" ;
dwc:species "candezei" ;
trt:hasParentName <http://taxon-name.plazi.org/id/Animalia/Canthon> ;
a dwcFP:TaxonName .
<http://taxon-name.plazi.org/id/Animalia/Canthon>
dwc:class "Insecta" ;
dwc:family "Scarabaeidae" ;
dwc:genus "Canthon" ;
dwc:kingdom "Animalia" ;
dwc:order "Coleoptera" ;
dwc:phylum "Arthropoda" ;
dwc:rank "genus" ;
trt:hasParentName <http://taxon-name.plazi.org/id/Animalia/Scarabaeidae> ;
a dwcFP:TaxonName .
<http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3824791>
dc:description "Fig. 6. Head, dorsal view. A. Sylvicanthon enkerlini (Martínez et al., 1964) comb. nov. B. S. candezei (Harold, 1869). C. S. genieri sp. nov. D. S. proseni (Martínez, 1949) stat. et comb. nov. E. S. seag sp. nov. F. S. securus (Schmidt, 1920) comb. nov. G. S. furvus (Schmidt, 1920)." ;
fabio:hasRepresentation <https://zenodo.org/record/3824791/files/figure.png> ;
a fabio:Figure .
<http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3824807>
dc:description "Fig. 14. A. Ventral view of the anterior region of the pterothorax of S. proseni (Martínez, 1949) stat. et comb. nov. Abbreviations: MsEs = mesoventrite; SEs = meso-metaventrite suture; MsC = mesocoxa; RAMtEs = anterior region of metaventrite. B–E. Sexual dimorphism in the abdominal ventrites of Sylvicanthon Halffter & Martínez, 1977. B. S. foveiventris (Schmidt, 1920), ♀. Note the three lateral foveae between ventrites I–II, II–III, and III–IV and the broad ventrite VI at the middle, without emargination on its posterior edge and without its anterior edge covered by a medial flange of ventrite V. C. S. proseni stat. et comb. nov., ♀, ventrite VI broad. D. S. candezei (Harold, 1869), ♂. Note how the ventrite VI is narrow at the middle due to the emargination on its porterior edge and to the medial flage of the posterior edge of the ventrite V. E. S. candezei (Harold, 1869), ♀. Despite its posterior edge not being emarginate, its anterior edge is covered by a well-developed medial flange of ventrite V, which gives a narrowed aspect to the centre of ventrite VI." ;
fabio:hasRepresentation <https://zenodo.org/record/3824807/files/figure.png> ;
a fabio:Figure .
<http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3824851>
dc:description "Fig. 35. Variation on the pilosity at the centre of the hypomeral cavity among members of the bridarollii subgroup. A. Sylvicanthon seag sp. nov. B. S. attenboroughi sp. nov. C–D. S. bridarollii (Martínez, 1949). Note the first two species have the hypomeral cavity entirely glabrous or with setae limited to its periphery (centre always glabrous), whereas S. bridarollii possesses long and dense setae throughout the tegument of the hypomeral cavity." ;
fabio:hasRepresentation <https://zenodo.org/record/3824851/files/figure.png> ;
a fabio:Figure .
<http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3824799>
dc:description "Fig. 10. Lateral view. A. Canthon (Francmonrosia) sp. B. Sylvicanthon enkerlini (Martínez et al., 1964) comb. nov. C. S. candezei (Harold, 1869)." ;
fabio:hasRepresentation <https://zenodo.org/record/3824799/files/figure.png> ;
a fabio:Figure .
<http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3824878>
dc:description "Fig. 46. A. Canthon cobosi (Pereira & Martínez, 1960) stat. et comb. nov., holotype. B–C. Canthon machadoi (Martínez & Pereira, 1967) comb. nov. B. Paratype 2. C. Paratype 4." ;
fabio:hasRepresentation <https://zenodo.org/record/3824878/files/figure.png> ;
a fabio:Figure .
<http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3824795>
dc:description "Fig. 8. Head, ventral view. A. Sylvicanthon bridarollii (Martínez, 1949). B. S. proseni (Martínez, 1949) stat. et comb. nov. See the differences in the shape of the suture between submentum and gula in these two species (red arrows), which is rounded in S. bridarollii and most of the other species of Sylvicanthon, while it has a ‘Y’-shape in the two representants of the aequinoctialis subgroup." ;
fabio:hasRepresentation <https://zenodo.org/record/3824795/files/figure.png> ;
a fabio:Figure .
<http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3824797>
dc:description "Fig. 9. A. Sylvicanthon bridarollii (Martínez, 1949), profemur. Note that, as occurs in the other species of the candezei group, there is no denticulation on the anterior edge, which is, by contrast, completely smooth. B. S. enkerlini (Martínez et al., 1964) comb. nov., profemur.Arrow indicates the denticulation of anterior edge, a condition present in both sexes and unique in the genus. C. S. enkerlini, metepisternum. Arrow indicates the small tubercle at the suture between metepisternum and the lateral region of metaventrite. D. S. enkerlini, hypomeron. Notice the row of long setae present on the lateral of posterior region, a condition seen uniquely in this species in Sylvicanthon." ;
fabio:hasRepresentation <https://zenodo.org/record/3824797/files/figure.png> ;
a fabio:Figure .
<http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3824789>
dc:description "Fig. 5. Subdentate tarsal claws in different groups of dung beetles. The presence of this form of tarsal claw was seen as evidence for a close phylogenetic relationship between several groups of Scarabaeinae distributed over the continents of former Gondwana. A. Protarsal claws of Sylvicanthon proseni (Martínez, 1949) stat. et comb. nov. Red arrow indicates the basal agularity of the claw. B. Pseudocanthon vitraci (Fleutiaux & Sallé, 1889) (modified from Matthews 1966). C. Canthonella parva (Chapin, 1930) (modified from Halffter & Martínez 1967). D. Lepanus penelopae Matthews & Weir, 2002 (left) and L. loftyensis Matthews & Weir, 2002 (right) (modified from Matthews & Weir 2002). E. Oficanthon mirabilis Paulian, 1985 (modified from Paulian 1985)." ;
fabio:hasRepresentation <https://zenodo.org/record/3824789/files/figure.png> ;
a fabio:Figure .
<http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3824801>
dc:description "Fig. 11. Morphological diversity in the protibiae of Sylvicanthon Halffter & Martínez, 1977. A. S. enkerlini (Martínez et al., 1964) comb. nov. B. S. aequinoctialis (Harold, 1869) comb. nov. C. S. securus (Schmidt, 1920) comb. nov. D. S. obscurus (Schmidt, 1920). E. S. furvus (Schmidt, 1920). F. S. bridarollii (Martínez, 1949) (southern populations). G. S. bridarollii (northern populations). H. S. attenboroughi sp. nov. I. S. edmondsi sp. nov. J. S. candezei (Harold, 1869). Note the variation related to the presence and degree of development of an expansion on the internal edge of protibiae and to the number, size and position of the external teeth." ;
fabio:hasRepresentation <https://zenodo.org/record/3824801/files/figure.png> ;
a fabio:Figure .
<http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3824793>
dc:description "Fig. 7. Pterothorax, ventrolateral views. A. Sylvicanthon aequinoctialis (Harold, 1868) comb. nov. B. S. obscurus (Schmidt, 1920). C. Canthon xanthopus Blanchard, 1846. Abbreviations: MsC = mesocoxa; MMsC = external margin of mesocoxa; CMtE = centre of metaventrite; LMtE = lateral region of metaventrite; MtC = metacoxa." ;
fabio:hasRepresentation <https://zenodo.org/record/3824793/files/figure.png> ;
a fabio:Figure .
<http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3824805>
dc:description "Fig. 13. Morphological variation in the metafemora of Sylvicanthon Halffter & Martínez, 1977. A. S. foveiventris (Schmidt, 1920). Note the presence of coarse elongate punctures at the base of the metafemur (arrow) and the tegument without microsculpture. B. S. obscurus (Schmidt, 1920). Observe the tegument entirely covered by coarse non-elongate punctures. C. S. monnei sp. nov. D. S. mayri sp. nov. E. S. furvus (Schmidt, 1920). F. S. edmondsi sp. nov. G. S. bridarollii (Martínez, 1949) (southern populations). H. S. bridarollii (Martínez, 1949) (northern populations). Note the differences in colouration and in the presence of coarse punctation at the base of metafemur in the two ends of the clinal variation observed in S. bridarollii." ;
fabio:hasRepresentation <https://zenodo.org/record/3824805/files/figure.png> ;
a fabio:Figure .
<http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3824803>
dc:description "Fig. 12. Tegument variation in Sylvicanthon Halffter & Martínez, 1977. A. Tridimensional alveolar microsculpture of the elytra in S. proseni (Martínez, 1949) stat. et comb. nov.. B. Rivose microsculpture on the external side of metaventrite in S. obscurus (Schmidt, 1920). C. S. proseni stat. et comb. nov., humeral carina, feature present also in S. aequinoctialis (Harold, 1869) and in about two-fifths of the studied specimens of S. obscurus (Schmidt, 1920)." ;
fabio:hasRepresentation <https://zenodo.org/record/3824803/files/figure.png> ;
a fabio:Figure .
<http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3824809>
dc:description "Fig. 15. Morphological variation and sexual dimorphism in the protibial spur of Sylvicanthon. A. S. enkerlini (Martínez et al., 1964) comb. nov., ♂. B. S. foveiventris (Schmidt, 1920), ♂. C. S. candezei (Harold, 1869), ♂. D. S. genieri sp. nov., ♂. E. S. aequinoctialis (Harold, 1868), ♂. F. S. aequinoctialis comb. nov., ♀. G. S. proseni (Martínez, 1949) stat. et comb. nov., ♂. H. S. proseni stat. et comb. nov., ♀. I. S. bridarollii (Martínez, 1949), ♂. J. S. seag sp. nov., ♂. K. S. edmondsi sp. nov.,♂. L. S. attenboroughi sp. nov., ♂. M. S. obscurus (Schmidt, 1920), ♂. N. S. furvus (Schmidt, 1920), ♂. O. S. securus (Schmidt, 1920) comb. nov., ♂." ;
fabio:hasRepresentation <https://zenodo.org/record/3824809/files/figure.png> ;
a fabio:Figure .
<http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3824875>
dc:description "Fig. 45. Canthon xanthopus Blanchard, 1846. A. Lectotype and its labels. B. An ordinary specimen." ;
fabio:hasRepresentation <https://zenodo.org/record/3824875/files/figure.png> ;
a fabio:Figure .
<http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3824821>
dc:description "Fig. 21. Sylvicanthon enkerlini (Martínez et al., 1964) comb. nov. A. Dorsal view. B. Ventral view. C. Holotype and its labels." ;
fabio:hasRepresentation <https://zenodo.org/record/3824821/files/figure.png> ;
a fabio:Figure .
<http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3824843>
dc:description "Fig. 31. Metafemora of the two species of the aequinoctialis subgroup. A. Sylvicanthon aequinoctialis (Harold, 1868) comb. nov. B. S. proseni (Martínez, 1949) stat. et comb. nov. Arrow indicates the basal end of the posterior margin of the ventral face of metafemora (note that it is longer in S. aequinoctialis comb. nov. than in S. proseni stat. et comb. nov. and may exceed the trochanter in the first species)." ;
fabio:hasRepresentation <https://zenodo.org/record/3824843/files/figure.png> ;
a fabio:Figure .
<http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3824811>
dc:description "Fig. 16. Abdominal lateral foveae of females (arrows). A. Sylvicanthon furvus (Schmidt, 1920). B. S. mayri sp. nov. C. S. obscurus (Schmidt, 1920). D. S. foveiventris (Schmidt, 1920)." ;
fabio:hasRepresentation <https://zenodo.org/record/3824811/files/figure.png> ;
a fabio:Figure .
<http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3824817>
dc:description "Fig. 19. Aedeagus morphological diversity in Sylvicanthon. A. S. securus (Schmidt, 1920) comb. nov. B. S. obscurus (Schmidt, 1920). C. S. furvus (Schmidt, 1920). D. S. monnei sp. nov. E. S. mayri sp. nov." ;
fabio:hasRepresentation <https://zenodo.org/record/3824817/files/figure.png> ;
a fabio:Figure .
<http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3824853>
dc:description "Fig. 36. Clinal morphological variation in S. bridarollii (Martínez, 1949). Note that, from south to north, the colouration of metafemora gradually fades from dark brown to reddish brown and orange with a light-brown base in populations of northern Peru, Ecuador, and Colombia, and that the internal margin of protibiae (indicated by the red arrows) becomes progressively much subtler. Other features varying along this north-south cline are the presence of coarse elongate punctures at the base of metafemora (present in southern populations and absent in the northern ones) and of a fine transverse line on the posterior edge of pronotum (absent in the southern populations). See the text for more details." ;
fabio:hasRepresentation <https://zenodo.org/record/3824853/files/figure.png> ;
a fabio:Figure .
<http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3824813>
dc:description "Fig. 17. Aedeagus morphological diversity in Sylvicanthon. A. S. enkerlini (Martínez et al., 1964) comb. nov. B. S. foveiventris (Schmidt, 1920). C. S. candezei (Harold, 1869) (arrows points to the ventral notch). D. S. genieri sp. nov. (idem). E. S. aequinoctialis (Harold, 1868). F. S. proseni (Martínez, 1949) stat. et comb. nov." ;
fabio:hasRepresentation <https://zenodo.org/record/3824813/files/figure.png> ;
a fabio:Figure .
<http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3824815>
dc:description "Fig. 18. Aedeagus morphological diversity in the bridarollii subgroup.A. S. bridarollii (Martínez, 1949). B. S. seag sp. nov. (arrow points to the ventral notch). C. S. edmondsi sp. nov. (idem). D. S. attenboroughi sp. nov. (idem)." ;
fabio:hasRepresentation <https://zenodo.org/record/3824815/files/figure.png> ;
a fabio:Figure .
<http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3824871>
dc:description "Fig. 44. Differences on the parameres of Sylvicanthon mayri sp. nov. and S. monnei sp. nov. (grayish zones represent original membraneous areas). A–B. S. mayri sp. nov. C–D. S. monnei sp. nov. Note that both branches of the apical bifurcation of the parameres of S. mayri sp. nov. are much more divergent than those of S. monnei sp. nov., which makes the internal angle between them more open in the first species (~110º) than in the second (~78º). In the same way, as the inferior branch is much more projected in S. mayri sp. nov. than in S. monnei sp. nov., the angle between the posterior region of that branch and the rest of the paramere is more open in S. monnei sp. nov. (~147º) than in S. mayri sp. nov. (~137º), species that seems to have a strong excavation at this point of the paramere (indicated by red arrow in A)." ;
fabio:hasRepresentation <https://zenodo.org/record/3824871/files/figure.png> ;
a fabio:Figure .
<http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3824819>
dc:description "Fig. 20. Combined distribution of the species of Sylvicanthon in the Neotropical region. Note that the genus occupies the four great areas of tropical humid forest of the American continent: Central American forests, the Choco of the South American northwest, the Amazon Rainforest and the Atlantic Forest. Following the hypothesis of Martínez et al. (1964) that the Amazon Basin was the ancestral area of the Sylvicanthon of the candezei group, three lineages have independently dispersed from there (arrows): that of the ancestors of S. aequinoctialis (Harold, 1868), which, from the Choco, invaded Central America at the pace of the tropical forests’ gradual northwards advance, occurred during the Plio-Pleistocene, and those of the ancestors of respectively S. obscurus (Schmidt, 1920) and S. foveiventris (Schmidt, 1920), which reached the Atlantic Forest through the corridors of humid forests that bridged that biome to the Amazon forest during the wettest periods of the Neogene (see a more detailed discussion in the text)." ;
fabio:hasRepresentation <https://zenodo.org/record/3824819/files/figure.png> ;
a fabio:Figure .
<http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3824823>
dc:description "Fig. 22. Distribution of Sylvicanthon enkerlini (Martínez et al., 1964) comb. nov. Note that the species occupies transition zones between the Amazonia, Cerrado, Caatinga and Atlantic Forest biomes, regions much dryer and more open than the humid forests occupied by the species of the candezei group." ;
fabio:hasRepresentation <https://zenodo.org/record/3824823/files/figure.png> ;
a fabio:Figure .
<http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3824841>
dc:description "Fig. 30. Distribution of the two species of the aequinoctialis subgroup." ;
fabio:hasRepresentation <https://zenodo.org/record/3824841/files/figure.png> ;
a fabio:Figure .
<http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3824849>
dc:description "Fig. 34. Distribution of the four species of the bridarollii subgroup." ;
fabio:hasRepresentation <https://zenodo.org/record/3824849/files/figure.png> ;
a fabio:Figure .
<http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3824865>
dc:description "Fig. 41. Distribution of Sylvicanthon securus (Schmidt, 1920) comb. nov. and the four species of the furvus subgroup." ;
fabio:hasRepresentation <https://zenodo.org/record/3824865/files/figure.png> ;
a fabio:Figure .
<http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3824827>
dc:description "Fig. 24. Distribution of the three species of the candezei subgroup." ;
fabio:hasRepresentation <https://zenodo.org/record/3824827/files/figure.png> ;
a fabio:Figure .
<http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3824825>
dc:description "Fig. 23. Sylvicanthon foveiventris (Schmidt, 1920). A. Dorsal view. B. Ventral view. C. S. foveiventris type material: a. Lectotype. b. Lectotype’s labels. c. Paralectotype 1’s label. d. Paralectotype 6’s labels." ;
fabio:hasRepresentation <https://zenodo.org/record/3824825/files/figure.png> ;
a fabio:Figure .
<http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3824829>
dc:description "Fig. 25. Sylvicanthon candezei (Harold, 1869). A. Dorsal view. B.Ventral view." ;
fabio:hasRepresentation <https://zenodo.org/record/3824829/files/figure.png> ;
a fabio:Figure .
<http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3824833>
dc:description "Fig. 27. Sylvicanthon genieri sp. nov. A. Dorsal view. B. Ventral view." ;
fabio:hasRepresentation <https://zenodo.org/record/3824833/files/figure.png> ;
a fabio:Figure .
<http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3824859>
dc:description "Fig. 38. A–B. Sylvicanthon edmondsi sp. nov. A. Dorsal view. B. Ventral view. C–D. Sylvicanthon attenboroughi sp. nov. C. Dorsal view. D. Ventral view." ;
fabio:hasRepresentation <https://zenodo.org/record/3824859/files/figure.png> ;
a fabio:Figure .
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