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@prefix rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#> .
@prefix rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#> .
@prefix bibo: <http://purl.org/ontology/bibo/> .
@prefix cito: <http://purl.org/spar/cito/> .
@prefix dc: <http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/> .
@prefix dwc: <http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/> .
@prefix dwcFP: <http://filteredpush.org/ontologies/oa/dwcFP#> .
@prefix fabio: <http://purl.org/spar/fabio/> .
@prefix trt: <http://plazi.org/vocab/treatment#> .
@prefix xlink: <http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink/> .
<http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03F687FB0559D612FE77FBC32F77FA2E>
cito:cites <http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3748937>, <http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3748939>, <http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3748933>, <http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3748935> ;
dc:creator "Paul M. Gignac; Gregory M. Erickson" ;
dc:title "Tyrannosaurus rex Osborn 1905" ;
dwc:basisOfRecord <https://www.gbif.org/occurrence/2598005743>, <https://www.gbif.org/occurrence/2598005741>, <https://www.gbif.org/occurrence/2598005750>, <https://www.gbif.org/occurrence/2598005754>, <https://www.gbif.org/occurrence/2598005778>, <https://www.gbif.org/occurrence/2598005779>, <https://www.gbif.org/occurrence/2598005781>, <https://www.gbif.org/occurrence/2598005742>, <https://www.gbif.org/occurrence/2598005747>, <https://www.gbif.org/occurrence/2598005749>, <https://www.gbif.org/occurrence/2598005745>, <https://www.gbif.org/occurrence/2598005753>, <https://www.gbif.org/occurrence/2598005744>, <https://www.gbif.org/occurrence/2598005751>, <https://www.gbif.org/occurrence/2598005748>, <https://www.gbif.org/occurrence/2598005740>, <https://www.gbif.org/occurrence/2598005746>, <https://www.gbif.org/occurrence/2598005768>, <https://www.gbif.org/occurrence/2598005766>, <https://www.gbif.org/occurrence/2598005773>, <https://www.gbif.org/occurrence/2598005760>, <https://www.gbif.org/occurrence/2598005769>, <https://www.gbif.org/occurrence/2598005791>, <https://www.gbif.org/occurrence/2598005771>, <https://www.gbif.org/occurrence/2598005763>, <https://www.gbif.org/occurrence/2598005782>, <https://www.gbif.org/occurrence/2598005772>, <https://www.gbif.org/occurrence/2598005784>, <https://www.gbif.org/occurrence/2598005770>, <https://www.gbif.org/occurrence/2598005789>, <https://www.gbif.org/occurrence/2598005787>, <https://www.gbif.org/occurrence/2598005780>, <https://www.gbif.org/occurrence/2598005774>, <https://www.gbif.org/occurrence/2598005790>, <https://www.gbif.org/occurrence/2598005788>, <https://www.gbif.org/occurrence/2598005762>, <https://www.gbif.org/occurrence/2598005786>, <https://www.gbif.org/occurrence/2598005758>, <https://www.gbif.org/occurrence/2598005752>, <https://www.gbif.org/occurrence/2598005783>, <https://www.gbif.org/occurrence/2598005765>, <https://www.gbif.org/occurrence/2598005775>, <https://www.gbif.org/occurrence/2598005776>, <https://www.gbif.org/occurrence/2598005755>, <https://www.gbif.org/occurrence/2598005756>, <https://www.gbif.org/occurrence/2598005767>, <https://www.gbif.org/occurrence/2598005777>, <https://www.gbif.org/occurrence/2598005764>, <https://www.gbif.org/occurrence/2598005785>, <https://www.gbif.org/occurrence/2598005761>, <https://www.gbif.org/occurrence/2598005757>, <https://www.gbif.org/occurrence/2598005759> ;
trt:augmentsTaxonConcept <http://taxon-concept.plazi.org/id/Animalia/Tyrannosaurus_rex_Osborn_1905> ;
trt:publishedIn <http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-017-02161-w> ;
a trt:Treatment .
<http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-017-02161-w>
bibo:endPage "2012" ;
bibo:journal "Scientific Reports" ;
bibo:pubDate "2017-05-17" ;
bibo:startPage "2012" ;
bibo:volume "7" ;
dc:creator "Paul M. Gignac; Gregory M. Erickson" ;
dc:date "2017" ;
dc:title "The Biomechanics Behind Extreme Osteophagy in Tyrannosaurus rex" ;
fabio:hasPart <http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3748937>, <http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3748939>, <http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3748933>, <http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3748935> ;
a fabio:JournalArticle .
<http://taxon-concept.plazi.org/id/Animalia/Tyrannosaurus_rex_Osborn_1905>
dwc:authorityName "Osborn" ;
dwc:authorityYear "1905" ;
dwc:class "Reptilia" ;
dwc:family "Tyrannosauridae" ;
dwc:genus "Tyrannosaurus" ;
dwc:kingdom "Animalia" ;
dwc:order "Dinosauria" ;
dwc:phylum "Chordata" ;
dwc:rank "species" ;
dwc:scientificNameAuthorship "Osborn, 1905" ;
dwc:species "rex" ;
trt:hasTaxonName <http://taxon-name.plazi.org/id/Animalia/Tyrannosaurus_rex> ;
a dwcFP:TaxonConcept .
<http://taxon-name.plazi.org/id/Animalia/Tyrannosaurus_rex>
dwc:class "Reptilia" ;
dwc:family "Tyrannosauridae" ;
dwc:genus "Tyrannosaurus" ;
dwc:kingdom "Animalia" ;
dwc:order "Dinosauria" ;
dwc:phylum "Chordata" ;
dwc:rank "species" ;
dwc:species "rex" ;
trt:hasParentName <http://taxon-name.plazi.org/id/Animalia/Tyrannosaurus> ;
a dwcFP:TaxonName .
<http://taxon-name.plazi.org/id/Animalia/Tyrannosaurus>
dwc:class "Reptilia" ;
dwc:family "Tyrannosauridae" ;
dwc:genus "Tyrannosaurus" ;
dwc:kingdom "Animalia" ;
dwc:order "Dinosauria" ;
dwc:phylum "Chordata" ;
dwc:rank "genus" ;
trt:hasParentName <http://taxon-name.plazi.org/id/Animalia/Tyrannosauridae> ;
a dwcFP:TaxonName .
<http://taxon-name.plazi.org/id/Animalia/Tyrannosauridae>
dwc:class "Reptilia" ;
dwc:family "Tyrannosauridae" ;
dwc:kingdom "Animalia" ;
dwc:order "Dinosauria" ;
dwc:phylum "Chordata" ;
dwc:rank "family" ;
trt:hasParentName <http://taxon-name.plazi.org/id/Animalia/Dinosauria> ;
a dwcFP:TaxonName .
<http://taxon-name.plazi.org/id/Animalia/Dinosauria>
dwc:class "Reptilia" ;
dwc:kingdom "Animalia" ;
dwc:order "Dinosauria" ;
dwc:phylum "Chordata" ;
dwc:rank "order" ;
trt:hasParentName <http://taxon-name.plazi.org/id/Animalia/Reptilia> ;
a dwcFP:TaxonName .
<http://taxon-name.plazi.org/id/Animalia/Reptilia>
dwc:class "Reptilia" ;
dwc:kingdom "Animalia" ;
dwc:phylum "Chordata" ;
dwc:rank "class" ;
trt:hasParentName <http://taxon-name.plazi.org/id/Animalia/Chordata> ;
a dwcFP:TaxonName .
<http://taxon-name.plazi.org/id/Animalia/Chordata>
dwc:kingdom "Animalia" ;
dwc:phylum "Chordata" ;
dwc:rank "phylum" ;
trt:hasParentName <http://taxon-name.plazi.org/id/Animalia> ;
a dwcFP:TaxonName .
<http://taxon-name.plazi.org/id/Animalia>
dwc:kingdom "Animalia" ;
dwc:rank "kingdom" ;
a dwcFP:TaxonName .
<http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3748937>
dc:description "Figure 3. Tyrannosaurus rex dental functional morphology. (A) Exemplar tooth pressures along the distal 37mm of the left M5 of BHI 3033 (warmer colours indicate higher pressures), illustrating bone-penetrating shear stresses (>65MPa4, 39) for almost 25mm of indentation depth. (B) Mesial and distal facing carinae (white arrows) helped direct pathways of bone fracture towards adjacent maxillary teeth (C) (ventral view of BHI 3033) that were also engaged during indentation, illustrating how the most procumbent maxillary tooth crowns collectively form a fracture arcade (pink arrows) due to pressures generated when biting. (Figure element in (A) derived from digital scan by Virtual Surfaces, Inc)." ;
fabio:hasRepresentation <https://zenodo.org/record/3748937/files/figure.png> ;
a fabio:Figure .
<http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3748939>
dc:description "Figure 4. Jaw models of Tyrannosaurus rex paired with idealized beam diagrams, illustrating three- (A) (lateral view), (B) (anterior view) and four-point ((C), anterior view) loading configurations that allowed T. rex to promote failure stresses and fracture rigid structures (e.g., bone) without the aid of occluding dentitions. Teeth (cones) and the osseus palate, composed of the right and left maxillae and an anterior expansion of the vomer (rectangle), are shown as contact points in pink; original beam shapes are dark blue; and idealized plastic deformations (exaggerated) are light blue." ;
fabio:hasRepresentation <https://zenodo.org/record/3748939/files/figure.png> ;
a fabio:Figure .
<http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3748933>
dc:description "Figure 1. Left ilium of Triceratops sp. (MOR 799) in ventrolateral view with ~80 bite marks attributed to Tyrannosaurus rex. A large portion (~17%) of the iliac crest was removed (bracketed) by repetitive, localized biting." ;
fabio:hasRepresentation <https://zenodo.org/record/3748933/files/figure.png> ;
a fabio:Figure .
<http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3748935>
dc:description "Figure 2. Jaw adductor muscle model for Tyrannosaurus rex (BHI 3033) in (A) dorsal, (C) left lateral, and (D) posterior views. Muscles in anatomical position are figured in (B) (lateral view is on left; anterior view is on right), textures and shades based on Alligator mississippiensis32. Abbreviations: mamem, Musculus adductor mandibulae externus medialis; mames, M. adductor mandibulae externus superficialis; mamep, M. adductor mandibulae externus profundus; mptd, M. pterygoideus dorsalis; mps, M. pseudotemporalis complex; mamp, M. adductor mandibulae posterior; mptv, M. pterygoideus ventralis; mint, M. intramandibularis." ;
fabio:hasRepresentation <https://zenodo.org/record/3748935/files/figure.png> ;
a fabio:Figure .
<https://www.gbif.org/occurrence/2598005743>
dwc:catalogNumber "BHI 4100" ;
dwc:collectionCode "BHI" ;
trt:gbifOccurrenceId "2598005743" ;
a dwc:MaterialCitation .
<https://www.gbif.org/occurrence/2598005741>
dwc:catalogNumber "LACM 23844" ;
dwc:collectionCode "LACM" ;
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dwc:catalogNumber "BHI 4100" ;
dwc:collectionCode "BHI" ;
trt:gbifOccurrenceId "2598005750" ;
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dwc:catalogNumber "FMNH PR2081" ;
dwc:collectionCode "FMNH" ;
trt:gbifOccurrenceId "2598005754" ;
a dwc:MaterialCitation .
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dwc:catalogNumber "FMNH PR2081" ;
dwc:collectionCode "FMNH" ;
trt:gbifOccurrenceId "2598005778" ;
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dwc:catalogNumber "LACM 23844" ;
dwc:collectionCode "LACM" ;
trt:gbifOccurrenceId "2598005779" ;
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dwc:catalogNumber "MOR 980" ;
dwc:collectionCode "MOR" ;
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dwc:catalogNumber "RTMP 81.6.1" ;
dwc:collectionCode "RTMP" ;
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dwc:catalogNumber "BHI 4100" ;
dwc:collectionCode "BHI" ;
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dwc:catalogNumber "FMNH PR2081" ;
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dwc:catalogNumber "BHI 4100" ;
dwc:collectionCode "BHI" ;
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dwc:catalogNumber "FMNH PR2081" ;
dwc:collectionCode "FMNH" ;
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dwc:catalogNumber "BHI 4100" ;
dwc:collectionCode "BHI" ;
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dwc:catalogNumber "MOR 980" ;
dwc:collectionCode "MOR" ;
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dwc:catalogNumber "FMNH PR2081" ;
dwc:collectionCode "FMNH" ;
trt:gbifOccurrenceId "2598005748" ;
a dwc:MaterialCitation .
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dwc:catalogNumber "BHI 3033" ;
dwc:collectionCode "BHI" ;
trt:gbifOccurrenceId "2598005740" ;
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dwc:catalogNumber "BHI 3033" ;
dwc:collectionCode "BHI" ;
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dwc:catalogNumber "FMNH PR2081" ;
dwc:collectionCode "FMNH" ;
trt:gbifOccurrenceId "2598005768" ;
a dwc:MaterialCitation .
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dwc:catalogNumber "LACM 23844" ;
dwc:collectionCode "LACM" ;
trt:gbifOccurrenceId "2598005766" ;
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dwc:catalogNumber "MOR 980" ;
dwc:collectionCode "MOR" ;
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dwc:catalogNumber "MOR 008" ;
dwc:collectionCode "MOR" ;
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<https://www.gbif.org/occurrence/2598005769>
dwc:catalogNumber "BHI 3033" ;
dwc:collectionCode "BHI" ;
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dwc:catalogNumber "RTMP 81.6.1" ;
dwc:collectionCode "RTMP" ;
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dwc:catalogNumber "BHI 4100" ;
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dwc:catalogNumber "BHI 3033" ;
dwc:collectionCode "BHI" ;
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dwc:catalogNumber "BHI 4100" ;
dwc:collectionCode "BHI" ;
trt:gbifOccurrenceId "2598005782" ;
a dwc:MaterialCitation .
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dwc:catalogNumber "FMNH PR2081" ;
dwc:collectionCode "FMNH" ;
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dwc:catalogNumber "LACM 23844" ;
dwc:collectionCode "LACM" ;
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dwc:catalogNumber "MOR 008" ;
dwc:collectionCode "MOR" ;
trt:gbifOccurrenceId "2598005770" ;
a dwc:MaterialCitation .
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dwc:catalogNumber "MOR 980" ;
dwc:collectionCode "MOR" ;
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dwc:catalogNumber "RTMP 81.6.1" ;
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dwc:catalogNumber "BHI 4100" ;
dwc:collectionCode "BHI" ;
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dwc:catalogNumber "MOR 980" ;
dwc:collectionCode "MOR" ;
trt:gbifOccurrenceId "2598005774" ;
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<https://www.gbif.org/occurrence/2598005790>
dwc:catalogNumber "BHI 3033" ;
dwc:collectionCode "BHI" ;
trt:gbifOccurrenceId "2598005790" ;
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dwc:catalogNumber "BHI 3033" ;
dwc:collectionCode "BHI" ;
trt:gbifOccurrenceId "2598005788" ;
a dwc:MaterialCitation .
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dwc:catalogNumber "FMNH PR2081" ;
dwc:collectionCode "FMNH" ;
trt:gbifOccurrenceId "2598005762" ;
a dwc:MaterialCitation .
<https://www.gbif.org/occurrence/2598005786>
dwc:catalogNumber "BHI 3033" ;
dwc:collectionCode "BHI" ;
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dwc:catalogNumber "BHI 3033" ;
dwc:collectionCode "BHI" ;
trt:gbifOccurrenceId "2598005758" ;
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dwc:catalogNumber "BHI 3033" ;
dwc:collectionCode "BHI" ;
trt:gbifOccurrenceId "2598005752" ;
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<https://www.gbif.org/occurrence/2598005783>
dwc:catalogNumber "BHI 3033" ;
dwc:collectionCode "BHI" ;
trt:gbifOccurrenceId "2598005783" ;
a dwc:MaterialCitation .
<https://www.gbif.org/occurrence/2598005765>
dwc:catalogNumber "BHI 4100" ;
dwc:collectionCode "BHI" ;
trt:gbifOccurrenceId "2598005765" ;
a dwc:MaterialCitation .
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dwc:catalogNumber "FMNH PR2081" ;
dwc:collectionCode "FMNH" ;
trt:gbifOccurrenceId "2598005775" ;
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dwc:catalogNumber "LACM 23844" ;
dwc:collectionCode "LACM" ;
trt:gbifOccurrenceId "2598005776" ;
a dwc:MaterialCitation .
<https://www.gbif.org/occurrence/2598005755>
dwc:catalogNumber "MOR 008" ;
dwc:collectionCode "MOR" ;
trt:gbifOccurrenceId "2598005755" ;
a dwc:MaterialCitation .
<https://www.gbif.org/occurrence/2598005756>
dwc:catalogNumber "MOR 980" ;
dwc:collectionCode "MOR" ;
trt:gbifOccurrenceId "2598005756" ;
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dwc:catalogNumber "RTMP 81.6.1" ;
dwc:collectionCode "RTMP" ;
trt:gbifOccurrenceId "2598005767" ;
a dwc:MaterialCitation .
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dwc:catalogNumber "BHI 3033" ;
dwc:collectionCode "BHI" ;
trt:gbifOccurrenceId "2598005777" ;
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<https://www.gbif.org/occurrence/2598005764>
dwc:catalogNumber "BHI 4100" ;
dwc:collectionCode "BHI" ;
trt:gbifOccurrenceId "2598005764" ;
a dwc:MaterialCitation .
<https://www.gbif.org/occurrence/2598005785>
dwc:catalogNumber "FMNH PR2081" ;
dwc:collectionCode "FMNH" ;
trt:gbifOccurrenceId "2598005785" ;
a dwc:MaterialCitation .
<https://www.gbif.org/occurrence/2598005761>
dwc:catalogNumber "MOR 008" ;
dwc:collectionCode "MOR" ;
trt:gbifOccurrenceId "2598005761" ;
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dwc:catalogNumber "MOR 980" ;
dwc:collectionCode "MOR" ;
trt:gbifOccurrenceId "2598005757" ;
a dwc:MaterialCitation .
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dwc:catalogNumber "RTMP 81.6.1" ;
dwc:collectionCode "RTMP" ;
trt:gbifOccurrenceId "2598005759" ;
a dwc:MaterialCitation .
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