488 lines
38 KiB
Turtle
488 lines
38 KiB
Turtle
@prefix rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#> .
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@prefix rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#> .
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@prefix bibo: <http://purl.org/ontology/bibo/> .
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@prefix cito: <http://purl.org/spar/cito/> .
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@prefix dc: <http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/> .
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@prefix dwc: <http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/> .
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@prefix dwcFP: <http://filteredpush.org/ontologies/oa/dwcFP#> .
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@prefix fabio: <http://purl.org/spar/fabio/> .
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@prefix trt: <http://plazi.org/vocab/treatment#> .
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# Warning: Failed to output a material citation, could not create identifier
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# Warning: Failed to output a material citation, could not create identifier
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# Warning: Failed to output a material citation, could not create identifier
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# Warning: Failed to output a material citation, could not create identifier
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# Warning: Failed to output a material citation, could not create identifier
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# Warning: Failed to output a material citation, could not create identifier
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# Warning: Failed to output a material citation, could not create identifier
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# Warning: Failed to output a material citation, could not create identifier
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# Warning: Failed to output a material citation, could not create identifier
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# Warning: Failed to output a material citation, could not create identifier
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# Warning: Failed to output a material citation, could not create identifier
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# Warning: Failed to output a material citation, could not create identifier
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# Warning: Failed to output a material citation, could not create identifier
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# Warning: Failed to output a material citation, could not create identifier
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# Warning: Failed to output a material citation, could not create identifier
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# Warning: Failed to output a material citation, could not create identifier
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# Warning: Failed to output a material citation, could not create identifier
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# Warning: Failed to output a material citation, could not create identifier
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# Warning: Failed to output a material citation, could not create identifier
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# Warning: Failed to output a material citation, could not create identifier
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# Warning: Failed to output a material citation, could not create identifier
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# Warning: Failed to output a material citation, could not create identifier
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# Warning: Failed to output a material citation, could not create identifier
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# Warning: Failed to output a material citation, could not create identifier
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# Warning: Failed to output a material citation, could not create identifier
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# Warning: Failed to output a material citation, could not create identifier
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# Warning: Failed to output a material citation, could not create identifier
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# Warning: Failed to output a material citation, could not create identifier
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# Warning: Failed to output a material citation, could not create identifier
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# Warning: Failed to output a material citation, could not create identifier
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<http://treatment.plazi.org/id/27085036DC08FFE53ECE08B8DE29F8A1>
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cito:cites <http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7551998>, <http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7551994>, <http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7551987>, <http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7551989>, <http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7551991>, <http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7552000>, <http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7552002>, <http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7552004>, <http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7552012>, <http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7552016>, <http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7552018> ;
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dc:creator "Cupello, Mario; Ribeiro-Costa, Cibele S.; Vaz-De-Mello, Fernando Z." ;
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dc:title "Bolbites onitoides Harold des Cupello 1868" ;
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trt:augmentsTaxonConcept <http://taxon-concept.plazi.org/id/Animalia/Bolbites_onitoides_Cupello_1868> ;
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trt:deprecates <http://taxon-concept.plazi.org/id/Animalia/Bolbites_onithoides_Cupello_1868> ;
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trt:publishedIn <http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/zoolinnean/zlab015> ;
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a trt:Treatment .
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<http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/zoolinnean/zlab015>
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bibo:endPage "1034" ;
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bibo:journal "Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society" ;
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bibo:pubDate "2021-07-12" ;
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bibo:startPage "973" ;
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bibo:volume "194" ;
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dc:creator "Cupello, Mario; Ribeiro-Costa, Cibele S.; Vaz-De-Mello, Fernando Z." ;
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dc:date "2022" ;
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dc:title "The evolution of Bolbites onitoides (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Phanaeini): its phylogenetic significance, geographical polychromatism and the subspecies problem" ;
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fabio:hasPart <http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7551998>, <http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7551994>, <http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7551987>, <http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7551989>, <http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7551991>, <http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7552000>, <http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7552002>, <http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7552004>, <http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7552012>, <http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7552016>, <http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7552018> ;
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a fabio:JournalArticle .
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<http://taxon-concept.plazi.org/id/Animalia/Bolbites_onitoides_Cupello_1868>
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dwc:ID-ENA "377182" ;
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dwc:authority "HAROLD, 1868" ;
|
||
dwc:authorityName "Harold des Cupello" ;
|
||
dwc:authorityYear "1868" ;
|
||
dwc:class "Insecta" ;
|
||
dwc:family "Scarabaeidae" ;
|
||
dwc:genus "Bolbites" ;
|
||
dwc:kingdom "Animalia" ;
|
||
dwc:order "Coleoptera" ;
|
||
dwc:phylum "Arthropoda" ;
|
||
dwc:rank "species" ;
|
||
dwc:scientificNameAuthorship "Harold des Cupello, 1868" ;
|
||
dwc:species "onitoides" ;
|
||
rdfs:seeAlso <https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/5WMQM> ;
|
||
trt:hasTaxonName <http://taxon-name.plazi.org/id/Animalia/Bolbites_onitoides> ;
|
||
a dwcFP:TaxonConcept .
|
||
|
||
<http://taxon-concept.plazi.org/id/Animalia/Bolbites_onithoides_Cupello_1868>
|
||
dwc:authority "HAROLD, 1868" ;
|
||
dwc:authorityName "Harold des Cupello" ;
|
||
dwc:authorityYear "1868" ;
|
||
dwc:class "Insecta" ;
|
||
dwc:family "Scarabaeidae" ;
|
||
dwc:genus "Bolbites" ;
|
||
dwc:kingdom "Animalia" ;
|
||
dwc:order "Coleoptera" ;
|
||
dwc:phylum "Arthropoda" ;
|
||
dwc:rank "species" ;
|
||
dwc:scientificNameAuthorship "Harold des Cupello, 1868" ;
|
||
dwc:species "onithoides" ;
|
||
trt:hasTaxonName <http://taxon-name.plazi.org/id/Animalia/Bolbites_onithoides> ;
|
||
a dwcFP:TaxonConcept .
|
||
|
||
<http://taxon-name.plazi.org/id/Animalia/Bolbites_onitoides>
|
||
dwc:class "Insecta" ;
|
||
dwc:family "Scarabaeidae" ;
|
||
dwc:genus "Bolbites" ;
|
||
dwc:kingdom "Animalia" ;
|
||
dwc:order "Coleoptera" ;
|
||
dwc:phylum "Arthropoda" ;
|
||
dwc:rank "species" ;
|
||
dwc:species "onitoides" ;
|
||
trt:hasParentName <http://taxon-name.plazi.org/id/Animalia/Bolbites> ;
|
||
a dwcFP:TaxonName .
|
||
|
||
<http://taxon-name.plazi.org/id/Animalia/Bolbites>
|
||
dwc:genus "Bolbites" ;
|
||
dwc:rank "genus" ;
|
||
trt:hasParentName <http://taxon-name.plazi.org/id/Animalia/Scarabaeidae> ;
|
||
a dwcFP:TaxonName .
|
||
|
||
<http://taxon-name.plazi.org/id/Animalia/Scarabaeidae>
|
||
dwc:family "Scarabaeidae" ;
|
||
dwc:rank "family" ;
|
||
trt:hasParentName <http://taxon-name.plazi.org/id/Animalia/Coleoptera> ;
|
||
a dwcFP:TaxonName .
|
||
|
||
<http://taxon-name.plazi.org/id/Animalia/Coleoptera>
|
||
dwc:order "Coleoptera" ;
|
||
dwc:rank "order" ;
|
||
trt:hasParentName <http://taxon-name.plazi.org/id/Animalia/Insecta> ;
|
||
a dwcFP:TaxonName .
|
||
|
||
<http://taxon-name.plazi.org/id/Animalia/Insecta>
|
||
dwc:class "Insecta" ;
|
||
dwc:rank "class" ;
|
||
trt:hasParentName <http://taxon-name.plazi.org/id/Animalia/Arthropoda> ;
|
||
a dwcFP:TaxonName .
|
||
|
||
<http://taxon-name.plazi.org/id/Animalia/Arthropoda>
|
||
dwc:phylum "Arthropoda" ;
|
||
dwc:rank "phylum" ;
|
||
trt:hasParentName <http://taxon-name.plazi.org/id/Animalia> ;
|
||
a dwcFP:TaxonName .
|
||
|
||
<http://taxon-name.plazi.org/id/Animalia>
|
||
dwc:kingdom "Animalia" ;
|
||
dwc:rank "kingdom" ;
|
||
a dwcFP:TaxonName .
|
||
|
||
<http://taxon-name.plazi.org/id/Animalia/Bolbites_onithoides>
|
||
dwc:class "Insecta" ;
|
||
dwc:family "Scarabaeidae" ;
|
||
dwc:genus "Bolbites" ;
|
||
dwc:kingdom "Animalia" ;
|
||
dwc:order "Coleoptera" ;
|
||
dwc:phylum "Arthropoda" ;
|
||
dwc:rank "species" ;
|
||
dwc:species "onithoides" ;
|
||
trt:hasParentName <http://taxon-name.plazi.org/id/Animalia/Bolbites> ;
|
||
a dwcFP:TaxonName .
|
||
|
||
<http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7551998>
|
||
dc:description "Figure 5. Legs. A–E, sexual dimorphism on the front legs of B. onitoides. A, B, profemora: A, male; B, female. Note that the male profemur is claviform and has a strong emargination on its posterior edge (indicated by the red arrow), while that of the female is shorter and has a simply rounded aspect. C–E, protibiae: C, D, dorsal view of male (C) and female (D). Observe that the male protibia is much longer and slenderer than that of the female and has a well-delimited tuft of long setae at its internal apical angle. E, lateral view of the male protibia. In contrast to females, males have a series of sharp, uneven teeth along the ventral protibial carina. Red arrow indicates the central tooth, which is longer than the others. F, G, meso- and metatarsi of B. onitoides. Unlike all other Phanaeini, which are clawless, B. onitoides has a pair of well-developed claws on the apical meso- and metatarsomeres. A small prolongation raises from underneath the claws and project itself anteriorly (indicated by the red arrow in F); this prolongation seems to be homologous to the tapered apex of the apical meso- and metatarsomeres of the other Phanaeini and is probably a synapomorphy of the clade. H, metanepisternum and its long tab typical of the Phanaeina." ;
|
||
fabio:hasRepresentation <https://zenodo.org/record/7551998/files/figure.png> ;
|
||
a fabio:Figure .
|
||
|
||
<http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7551994>
|
||
dc:description "Figure 4. Meso- and metaventrite in Bolbites and Gromphadina. A, Bolbites onitoides. B, Gromphas inermis. C, D, Oruscatus davus: C, male; D, female. The carina of the mesofurcal brace constitutes the posterior branch of the mesoventral ridge and gives it the shape of a cross (orange arrow). This cross-shaped ridge is typical of the Gromphadina and is also present in at least some Phanaeina. Note that, while in the Gromphadina the posterior branch connects the mesoventral ridge to the anterior edge of the metaventrite, no such connection exists in most Bolbites and and the other Phanaeina whose mesoventral ridge is T-shaped. In Oruscatus, although present in both sexes, the posterior branch of the mesoventral ridge is much more clearly delimited in males than in females; in females, the posterior branch is usually incomplete and interrupted, while in males it is always sharp and continuous. Note also other differences between Bolbites and the Gromphadina relating to the shape of the metaventral anterior prominence and its integument and lateral pilosity." ;
|
||
fabio:hasRepresentation <https://zenodo.org/record/7551994/files/figure.png> ;
|
||
a fabio:Figure .
|
||
|
||
<http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7551987>
|
||
dc:description "Figure 1. The wide colour variation shown by Bolbites onitoides. A, copper (male). B, red (male). C, Copper individual with greenish pronotum and elytra (female). D, atypical bicoloured individual with unusually green elytra (female). E, F, typical bicoloured individuals (males). G–I, blue individuals (males). Although Martínez (1959, 1987) thought that two subspecies could be recognized one for red individuals and the other for blue ones – two facts observed by us do not support this idea.First, two kinds of intermediates exist connecting the two main colour patterns of red (B) and blue individuals (G–I): specimens with a red pronotum and blue or green elytra (D–F), which we call the ‘discrete’ bicoloured intermediates, and the second being the ‘gradual’ colour-blended intermediates, or specimens that lie at the centre of the variation spectrum between the two colour ends, which includes specimens showing dorsal colouration entirely coppery (A), coppery with greenish reflections (C), and coppery with reddish reflections. Secondly, no other features were found to vary geographically along with colour. Therefore, we interpret the plethora of colour variants as intraspecific variation of a single monotypic species." ;
|
||
fabio:hasRepresentation <https://zenodo.org/record/7551987/files/figure.png> ;
|
||
a fabio:Figure .
|
||
|
||
<http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7551989>
|
||
dc:description "Figure 2. Ventral sexual dimorphism in Bolbites onitoides. A, lateral view of a male. B, C, ventral view: B, male: C, female. Note the conspicuous ventral sexual dimorphism in this species, including the presence of several teeth and spines all over the body of the male, the differences in the overall shape of the protibiae, the pilosity of the metacoxae, and colour of the metaventrite." ;
|
||
fabio:hasRepresentation <https://zenodo.org/record/7551989/files/figure.png> ;
|
||
a fabio:Figure .
|
||
|
||
<http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7551991>
|
||
dc:description "Figure 3. Dorsal sexual monomorphism in Bolbites onitoides. A, frontal view of a male. B, C, head and pronotum: B, male; C, female. Note how little the sexes differ dorsally. Unlike most groups of Phanaeina, males of B. onitoides lack any cephalic or pronotal horns and have a pronotal ridge identical to that of the females. This dorsal monomorphism is in striking contrast with the sexual dimorphism found on the venter. Note, however, the sexually dimorphic extension of iridescence over the clypeus, males having at least its basal half metallic, while females are entirely (or almost entirely) dull black." ;
|
||
fabio:hasRepresentation <https://zenodo.org/record/7551991/files/figure.png> ;
|
||
a fabio:Figure .
|
||
|
||
<http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7552000>
|
||
dc:description "Figure 6. Sexual dimorphism on the hind legs of B. onitoides. A, B, metacoxae: A, male; B, female. Note the plate-like projections and the long spines directed posteriorly in the male and which are lacking in the female. C, D, metafemora and metatibiae: C, male; D, female. Observe the ridge on the posterior edge of the metafemora and the sharp ridge on the external and internal edges of the metatibiae of the males, all of which are absent in females." ;
|
||
fabio:hasRepresentation <https://zenodo.org/record/7552000/files/figure.png> ;
|
||
a fabio:Figure .
|
||
|
||
<http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7552002>
|
||
dc:description "Figure 7. Sexual dimorphism on the pygidium and at the apex of the sutural margin of the elytra of B. onitoides: A, male; B, female. Orange arrow shows the short spines of the apex of the sutural margin of the elytra, whereas red arrow indicates the long spines raising from the basolateral angles of the pygidium of males. Both structures are absent in females." ;
|
||
fabio:hasRepresentation <https://zenodo.org/record/7552002/files/figure.png> ;
|
||
a fabio:Figure .
|
||
|
||
<http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7552004>
|
||
dc:description "Figure 8. Genitalia of both sexes of B. onitoides. A, female: spermatheca. B–D, male: B, genital segment (i.e. nineth abdominal segment). C, D, tegmen. C, dorsal view. D, lateral view. LSP = lateral sclerotized plate; MSP = medial sclerotized plate." ;
|
||
fabio:hasRepresentation <https://zenodo.org/record/7552004/files/figure.png> ;
|
||
a fabio:Figure .
|
||
|
||
<http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7552012>
|
||
dc:description "Figure 9. Male genitalia: Endophallus of B. onitoides. A, B, general view of the extracted endophallus. A, dorsal view. B, ventral view. C–G, endophallites: C, axial + subaxial endophallite complex (dissected). D, fronto-lateral peripheral endophallite (ventral view). E, medial endophallite (dorsal view). F–H, superior right peripheral endophallite from different views: F, G, ventral view: F, seahorse-shaped; G, F-shaped. H, lateral view.A = axial endophallite; SA = subaxial endophallite; MS = medial endophallite; FLP = fronto-lateral peripheral endophallite; SRP = superior right peripheral endophallite." ;
|
||
fabio:hasRepresentation <https://zenodo.org/record/7552012/files/figure.png> ;
|
||
a fabio:Figure .
|
||
|
||
<http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7552016>
|
||
dc:description "Figure 11. Geographical range of B. onitoides showing the differential distribution of the colour variants. It is indisputable that there is a strong correlation between colour and geographical provenance in the species: blue individuals are abundant at the western-half of the distribution, while red specimens are dominant at the eastern-half. Nevertheless, two kinds of intermediates – the discrete bicoloured and the gradual colour-blended – are found throughout the range of B. onitoides, but nowhere are they the dominant variant. Note that there is a zone of overlap between the distribution of red and blue variants in Paraguay and Argentina, and that three localities recorded red, blue and bicoloured individuals and a fourth recorded all four variants." ;
|
||
fabio:hasRepresentation <https://zenodo.org/record/7552016/files/figure.png> ;
|
||
a fabio:Figure .
|
||
|
||
<http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7552018>
|
||
dc:description "Figure 12. Distribution of each colour variant showed in separate maps for an easier discrimination. See legend for Figure 10 for more details." ;
|
||
fabio:hasRepresentation <https://zenodo.org/record/7552018/files/figure.png> ;
|
||
a fabio:Figure .
|