136 lines
9.9 KiB
Turtle
136 lines
9.9 KiB
Turtle
@prefix rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#> .
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@prefix rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#> .
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@prefix bibo: <http://purl.org/ontology/bibo/> .
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@prefix cito: <http://purl.org/spar/cito/> .
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@prefix dc: <http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/> .
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@prefix dwc: <http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/> .
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@prefix dwcFP: <http://filteredpush.org/ontologies/oa/dwcFP#> .
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@prefix fabio: <http://purl.org/spar/fabio/> .
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@prefix trt: <http://plazi.org/vocab/treatment#> .
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<http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03E28E29FFD6190DFC2EF4006FE5F91E>
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cito:cites <http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4751428>, <http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4751430>, <http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3739834>, <http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3739836> ;
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dc:creator "Mary H. Schweitzer; Jennifer L. Wittmeyer; John R. Horner; Jan K. Toporskrif" ;
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dc:title "Tyrannosaurus rex Osborn 1905" ;
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dwc:basisOfRecord <https://www.gbif.org/occurrence/2598703895>, <https://www.gbif.org/occurrence/2595781661>, <https://www.gbif.org/occurrence/2598703896>, <https://www.gbif.org/occurrence/2595781663> ;
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trt:augmentsTaxonConcept <http://taxon-concept.plazi.org/id/Animalia/Tyrannosaurus_rex_Osborn_1905> ;
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trt:publishedIn <http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.1108397> ;
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a trt:Treatment .
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<http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.1108397>
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bibo:endPage "1955" ;
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bibo:journal "Science" ;
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bibo:startPage "1952" ;
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bibo:volume "307" ;
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dc:creator "Mary H. Schweitzer; Jennifer L. Wittmeyer; John R. Horner; Jan K. Toporskrif" ;
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dc:date "2005" ;
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dc:title "Soft-Tissue Vessels and Cellular Preservation in Tyrannosaurus rex" ;
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fabio:hasPart <http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4751428>, <http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4751430>, <http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3739834>, <http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3739836> ;
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a fabio:JournalArticle .
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<http://taxon-concept.plazi.org/id/Animalia/Tyrannosaurus_rex_Osborn_1905>
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dwc:authorityName "Osborn" ;
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dwc:authorityYear "1905" ;
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dwc:class "Reptilia" ;
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dwc:family "Tyrannosauridae" ;
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dwc:genus "Tyrannosaurus" ;
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dwc:kingdom "Animalia" ;
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dwc:order "Dinosauria" ;
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dwc:phylum "Chordata" ;
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dwc:rank "species" ;
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dwc:scientificNameAuthorship "Osborn, 1905" ;
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dwc:species "rex" ;
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trt:hasTaxonName <http://taxon-name.plazi.org/id/Animalia/Tyrannosaurus_rex> ;
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a dwcFP:TaxonConcept .
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<http://taxon-name.plazi.org/id/Animalia/Tyrannosaurus_rex>
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dwc:class "Reptilia" ;
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dwc:family "Tyrannosauridae" ;
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dwc:genus "Tyrannosaurus" ;
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dwc:kingdom "Animalia" ;
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dwc:order "Dinosauria" ;
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dwc:phylum "Chordata" ;
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dwc:rank "species" ;
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dwc:species "rex" ;
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trt:hasParentName <http://taxon-name.plazi.org/id/Animalia/Tyrannosaurus> ;
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a dwcFP:TaxonName .
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<http://taxon-name.plazi.org/id/Animalia/Tyrannosaurus>
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dwc:genus "Tyrannosaurus" ;
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dwc:rank "genus" ;
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trt:hasParentName <http://taxon-name.plazi.org/id/Animalia/Tyrannosauridae> ;
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a dwcFP:TaxonName .
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<http://taxon-name.plazi.org/id/Animalia/Tyrannosauridae>
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dwc:family "Tyrannosauridae" ;
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dwc:rank "family" ;
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trt:hasParentName <http://taxon-name.plazi.org/id/Animalia/Dinosauria> ;
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a dwcFP:TaxonName .
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<http://taxon-name.plazi.org/id/Animalia/Dinosauria>
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dwc:order "Dinosauria" ;
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dwc:rank "order" ;
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trt:hasParentName <http://taxon-name.plazi.org/id/Animalia/Reptilia> ;
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a dwcFP:TaxonName .
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<http://taxon-name.plazi.org/id/Animalia/Reptilia>
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dwc:class "Reptilia" ;
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dwc:rank "class" ;
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trt:hasParentName <http://taxon-name.plazi.org/id/Animalia/Chordata> ;
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a dwcFP:TaxonName .
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<http://taxon-name.plazi.org/id/Animalia/Chordata>
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dwc:phylum "Chordata" ;
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dwc:rank "phylum" ;
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trt:hasParentName <http://taxon-name.plazi.org/id/Animalia> ;
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a dwcFP:TaxonName .
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<http://taxon-name.plazi.org/id/Animalia>
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dwc:kingdom "Animalia" ;
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dwc:rank "kingdom" ;
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a dwcFP:TaxonName .
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<http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4751428>
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dc:description "Fig. 1. Demineralized fragments of endosteally derived tissues lining the mar row cavity of the T. rex femur. (A) The demineralized fragment is flexible and resilient and, when stretched (arrow), returns to its original shape. (B) Demineralized bone in (A) after air dry ing. The overall structural and functional characteristics remain after dehydration. (C) Regions of demineralized bone show fibrous character (arrows). Scale bars, 0.5 mm." ;
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fabio:hasRepresentation <https://zenodo.org/record/4751428/files/figure.png> ;
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a fabio:Figure .
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<http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4751430>
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dc:description "Fig. 2. Demineralization of cortical bone reveals the presence of soft- tissue structures. (A) Partial demineralization of a fragment of T. rex cortical bone shows an emerging network of vascular canals, some of which are bifurcated (arrows). All are aligned in parallel, consistent with Haversian canals in cortical bone. Small fenestrae (marked F) may indicate invaginations for communicating Volkmann's canals. (B) A second fragment of T. rex cortical bone illustrates transparent vessels (arrows) arising from bone matrix in solution. (C) Complete demineralization reveals transparent flexible vessels in what remains of the cortical bone matrix, represented by a brown amorphous substance (marked M). (D) Ostrich vessel after demineralization of cortical bone and subsequent digestion of fibrous collagenous matrix. Transparent vessels branch and remain associated with small regions of undigested bone matrix, seen here as amorphous, white fibrous material (marked M). Scale bars in (A) to (D), 0.5 mm. (E) Higher magnification of dinosaur vessels shows branching pattern (arrows) and internal contents. Vascular structure is not consistent with fungal hyphae (no septae, and branching pattern is not consistent with fungal morphology) or plant (no cell walls visible, and again branching pattern is not consistent). Round red microstructures within the vessels are clearly visible. (F) T. rex vessel fragment, containing microstructures consistent in size and shape with those seen in the ostrich vessel in (H). (C) Second fragment of dinosaur vessel. Air/fluid interfaces, represented by dark menisci, illustrate the hollow nature of vessels. Microstructure is visible within the vessel. (H) Ostrich vessel digested from demineralized cortical bone. Red blood cells can be seen inside the branching vessel. (I) T. rex vessel fragment showing detail of branching pattern and structures morphologically consistent with endothelial cell nuclei (arrows) in vessel wall. (J) Ostrich blood vessel liberated from demineralized bone after treatment with collagenase shows branching pattern and clearly visible endothelial nuclei. Scale bars in (E) to (J), 50 um. (F), (I), and (J) were subjected to aldehyde fixation (3). The remaining vessels are unfixed." ;
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fabio:hasRepresentation <https://zenodo.org/record/4751430/files/figure.png> ;
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a fabio:Figure .
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<http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3739834>
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dc:description "Fig. 3. SEM images of aldehyde-fixed vessels. (A) Isolated vessel from T. rex. (B) Vessel isolated from extant ostrich after demineralization and collagenase digestion (3). (C) Vessel from T. rex, showing internal contents and hollow character. (D) Exploded T. rex vessel showing small round microstructures partially embedded in internal vessel walls. (E) Higher magnification of a portion of T. rex vessel wall, showing hypothesized endothelial nuclei (EN). (F) Similar structures visible on fixed ostrich vessel. Striations are seen in both (E) and (F) that may represent endothelial cell junctions or alternatively may be artifacts of the fixation/dehydration process. Scale bars in (A) and (B), 40 um; in (C) and (D), 10 um; in (E) and (F), 1 um." ;
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fabio:hasRepresentation <https://zenodo.org/record/3739834/files/figure.png> ;
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a fabio:Figure .
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<http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3739836>
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dc:description "Fig. 4. Cellular features associated with T. rex and ostrich tissues. (A) Fragment of demin eralized cortical bone from T. rex, showing parallel-oriented fibers and cell-like microstruc tures among the fibers. The inset is a higher magnification of one of the microstructures seen embedded in the fibrous material. (B) Demin eralized and stained (3) ostrich cortical bone, showing fibrillar, parallel- oriented collagen matrix with osteocytes embed ded among the fibers. The inset shows a high er magnification of one of the osteocytes. Both inset views show elon gate bodies with multi ple projections arising from the external sur face consistent with filipodia. (C) Isolated microstructure from T. rex after fixation. In addition to the multiple filipodial-like projections, internal contents can be seen. The inset shows a second structure with long filipodia and an internal transparent nucleus-like structure. (D) Fixed ostrich osteocyte; inset, ostrich osteocyte fixed and stained for better visualization. Internal contents are discernible, and filipodia can be seen extending in multiple planes from the cell surface. (E and F) SEM images of aldehyde-fixed (3) microstructures isolated from T. rex cortical bone tissues. Scale bars in (A) and (B), 50 um; in (C) and (D), 20 um; in (E), 10 um; in (F), 1 um." ;
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fabio:hasRepresentation <https://zenodo.org/record/3739836/files/figure.png> ;
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a fabio:Figure .
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<https://www.gbif.org/occurrence/2598703895>
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dwc:catalogNumber "MOR 1125" ;
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dwc:collectionCode "MOR" ;
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trt:gbifOccurrenceId "2598703895" ;
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a dwc:MaterialCitation .
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<https://www.gbif.org/occurrence/2595781661>
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dwc:catalogNumber "MOR 1125" ;
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dwc:collectionCode "MOR" ;
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trt:gbifOccurrenceId "2595781661" ;
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a dwc:MaterialCitation .
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<https://www.gbif.org/occurrence/2598703896>
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dwc:catalogNumber "FMNH PR2081" ;
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dwc:collectionCode "FMNH" ;
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trt:gbifOccurrenceId "2598703896" ;
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a dwc:MaterialCitation .
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<https://www.gbif.org/occurrence/2595781663>
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dwc:catalogNumber "MOR 1125" ;
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dwc:collectionCode "MOR" ;
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trt:gbifOccurrenceId "2595781663" ;
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a dwc:MaterialCitation .
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