373 lines
26 KiB
Turtle
373 lines
26 KiB
Turtle
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@prefix cito: <http://purl.org/spar/cito/> .
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@prefix dc: <http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/> .
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@prefix dwc: <http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/> .
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@prefix xlink: <http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink/> .
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<http://treatment.plazi.org/id/F84B0818F2760736FF44B93D8AA4FCE7>
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cito:cites <http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5711046>, <http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5711078>, <http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5711050>, <http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5711044>, <http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5711038>, <http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5711056>, <http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5711058>, <http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5711062>, <http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5711060>, <http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5711064> ;
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dc:creator "Rich, Madeline; Sullivan, John P.; Hopkins, Carl D." ;
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dc:title "Paramormyrops sphekodes SPHEKODES (SAUVAGE 1879" ;
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a trt:Treatment .
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<http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/zoolinnean/zlw004>
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bibo:endPage "646" ;
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bibo:journal "Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society" ;
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bibo:pubDate "2017-05-05" ;
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bibo:startPage "613" ;
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bibo:volume "180" ;
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dc:creator "Rich, Madeline; Sullivan, John P.; Hopkins, Carl D." ;
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dc:date "2017" ;
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dc:title "Rediscovery and description of Paramormyrops sphekodes (Sauvage, 1879) and a new cryptic Paramormyrops (Mormyridae: Osteoglossiformes) from the Ogooué River of Gabon using morphometrics, DNA sequencing and electrophysiology" ;
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fabio:hasPart <http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5711046>, <http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5711078>, <http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5711050>, <http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5711044>, <http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5711038>, <http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5711056>, <http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5711058>, <http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5711062>, <http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5711060>, <http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5711064> ;
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a fabio:JournalArticle .
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dwc:authority "SPHEKODES (SAUVAGE, 1879)" ;
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dwc:authorityName "SPHEKODES (SAUVAGE" ;
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dwc:authorityYear "1879" ;
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dwc:class "Actinopterygii" ;
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dwc:family "Mormyridae" ;
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dwc:genus "Paramormyrops" ;
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dwc:kingdom "Animalia" ;
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dwc:order "Osteoglossiformes" ;
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dwc:phylum "Chordata" ;
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dwc:rank "species" ;
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dwc:scientificNameAuthorship "Sphekodes (Sauvage, 1879)" ;
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dwc:species "sphekodes" ;
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a dwcFP:TaxonConcept .
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<http://taxon-concept.plazi.org/id/Animalia/Mormyrops_sphekodes_Sauvage_1879>
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dwc:authority "Sauvage, 1879: 101" ;
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dwc:authorityName "Sauvage" ;
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dwc:authorityPageNumber "101" ;
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dwc:authorityYear "1879" ;
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dwc:class "Actinopterygii" ;
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dwc:family "Mormyridae" ;
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dwc:genus "Mormyrops" ;
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dwc:rank "species" ;
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dwc:scientificNameAuthorship "Sauvage, 1879" ;
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dwc:authorityName "Audenaerde, Heymer & Gery" ;
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dwc:authorityYear "1977" ;
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dwc:class "Actinopterygii" ;
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dwc:family "Mormyridae" ;
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dwc:genus "Paramormyrops" ;
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dwc:kingdom "Animalia" ;
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dwc:order "Osteoglossiformes" ;
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dwc:rank "species" ;
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dwc:scientificNameAuthorship "Audenaerde, Heymer & Gery, 1977" ;
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dwc:species "curvifrons" ;
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dwc:authorityName "Sauvage. MNHN" ;
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dwc:authorityYear "1998" ;
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dwc:family "Mormyridae" ;
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dwc:scientificNameAuthorship "Sauvage. Mnhn, 1998" ;
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dwc:species "sphekodes" ;
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<http://taxon-name.plazi.org/id/Animalia/Paramormyrops_curvifrons>
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dwc:class "Actinopterygii" ;
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dwc:family "Mormyridae" ;
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dwc:genus "Paramormyrops" ;
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<http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5711046>
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dc:description "Figure 4. The short EOD and SN4 Paramormyrops differ in the ratio of head length (HL) to head depth (HD) when measurements are taken from radiographs. (A) HLx/HDx is plotted against standard length for 41 specimens including short EOD specimens (n = 9, blue circles), SN4 specimens (n = 30, red squares) and the two existing types (* = lectotype of P. sphekodes and ‘x’ = the paralectotype). Solid lines show linear regression lines showing that head shape changes little with overall size. The measurements of the lectotype (LT) of P. sphekodes (MNHN-A893) and paralectotype (PLT) (MNHN 1998-1050) identify the short EOD individuals as P. sphekodes. The specimens with SN4-type EODs belong to a new species (red * indicates the new species holotype). Specimen 1185 is shown in x-ray in C. (B) Non-overlapping histograms of HLx/ HDx allow for good diagnosis of the two EOD types even if no EOD is available, as with the two types of P. sphekodes. (C) Radiographs of two specimens (Specimen CUMV 98134 tag number JPS-1185, an SN4 fish and MNHN-A893) illustrate landmarks used for measuring HLx and HDx (see Material and Methods). Scale bars = 1 cm." ;
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fabio:hasRepresentation <https://zenodo.org/record/5711046/files/figure.png> ;
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a fabio:Figure .
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<http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5711078>
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dc:description "Figure 16. Nine species of Paramormyrops from Lower Guinea showing, from left to right, head shape viewed from above, the outline of the body, and representative female and male EOD waveforms. Head shapes are camera lucida tracings of the holotypes for each species from the snout to end of opercular opening. The first six have sharp V-shaped head profiles and the last three have relatively blunt U-shaped heads. All but the last two have electric organs composed of Type NPp electrocytes (exhibiting Non-Penetrating stalks innervated on the posterior face). The last two have electric organs composed of Type Pa electrocytes (with Penetrating stalks innervated on the anterior face). All known mormyrids with Type Pa electrocytes have an initial, head-negative peak, P0, in the EOD waveform as illustrated here for P.kingsleyae. The P0 peak is absent in all species with Type NPp electrocytes. The EOD of P. batesii is unknown, but the electric organ is composed of Type Pa electrocytes." ;
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fabio:hasRepresentation <https://zenodo.org/record/5711078/files/figure.png> ;
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a fabio:Figure .
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||
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||
<http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5711050>
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dc:description "Figure 5. Morphometrics and ratios from the three species of Paramormyrops included in this study. (A–C) and (E–G) show measurement ratios useful in diagnosis of these three species. Snout angle measurements (see Material and Methods) are compared in (D) and (G). (D) plots snout angle against IOW/SNL. Holotypes or lectotypes are indicated by ‘*’ symbols and paratypes are indicated by ‘x’ symbols. (H) compares IOW/SNL for specimens of differing standard lengths. Superimposed on the data points in (A–C) and (E–G) are box plots showing range, 25% quartile, median and 75% quartile. Black bars above box plots span samples where means differ significantly (P ≤ 0.05) using Tukey–Kramer multiple comparison tests for differences in sample means. See Table 1 for abbreviations." ;
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fabio:hasRepresentation <https://zenodo.org/record/5711050/files/figure.png> ;
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a fabio:Figure .
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<http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5711044>
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dc:description "Figure 3. The Paramormyrops specimens with short EODs, and those called SN4 have overlapping meristics but differ in a number of morphometric ratios. Here, the short EOD specimens are shown as blue circles, while ‘*’ indicates the lectotype of P. sphekodes and ‘+’ indicates the paralectotype. The red circles show those with longer EODs referred to as SN4 specimens. The short EOD forms have elevated ratios of interorbital width to snout length and correspondingly blunter snout angles than the SN4 specimens. They also have slightly reduced caudal peduncle depth to length ratios. There is overlap in each ratio taken separately, but combined they provide a convenient morphological basis for diagnosis between these two EOD types. EOD traces are 10 ms long." ;
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fabio:hasRepresentation <https://zenodo.org/record/5711044/files/figure.png> ;
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a fabio:Figure .
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<http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5711038>
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dc:description "Figure 1. (A) Paramormyrops sphekodes (Sauvage, 1877) MNHN A.893 photographed in 1984 by W. Harder at which time the lot contained two specimens, suspended vertically in a tall jar from a glass floater. The original MNHN catalogue shows two specimens accessioned in 1878 under this number. The larger specimen (SL = 113.8 mm) is currently catalogued as A 893; the smaller specimen (SL = 98.7 mm) was subsequently catalogued in 1998 as MNHN 1050-1998. Sauvage’s original description indicates multiple specimens with a largest of 140 mm total length, but he designated no holotype. We regard these specimens as syntypes prior to our designation of the larger as lectotype. (B) Radiograph of MNHN A893." ;
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fabio:hasRepresentation <https://zenodo.org/record/5711038/files/figure.png> ;
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a fabio:Figure .
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||
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||
<http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5711056>
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dc:description "Figure 7. Five specimens of P. sphekodes from Ogooué basin of Gabon. From top to bottom: specimen tag number 1192, female, 113.5 mm; 1201, female, 111 mm from the Ogooué River at Doumé; 1214, male, 112.5 mm; 1230, male, 133 mm and 1238, male, 119 mm from the Sébé River nearby. Scale bars = 1 cm." ;
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fabio:hasRepresentation <https://zenodo.org/record/5711056/files/figure.png> ;
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a fabio:Figure .
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<http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5711058>
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dc:description "Figure 8. Electric organ discharges (EODs) from P. sphekodes. (A) Paramormyrops sphekodes specimen CUMV 98177 (tag JPS-1238), a male from type locality showing normalized voltage as a function of time, that is 1.0 V peak-to-peak. Head positivity is upwards on all traces. There are two peaks to the waveform: P1, which is head-positive, and P2, which is headnegative. EOD duration is measured between points marked by open circles – the first and last points exceed ±0.02 V. W1 and W2 are the widths of the first and second peaks. The thin line is a 20× vertical expansion of the waveform which rises gradually from the baseline with no indication of a head-negative pre-pulse, P0, that is present in some other species. The final overshoot, due to AC-coupling of the amplifier, is absent when making DC-coupled recordings. The dashed line indicates the zero baseline. (B) Time derivative, dV/dt, of EOD waveform in (A) has a single positive peak (arrow) in advance of peak P1 and there is no inflection point on the rising phase before P1. (C) EODs from nine specimens of P. sphekodes showing the stereotypy of the species waveform. After normalization to unity peak-to-peak height, all EODs are centred on the zero-crossing between P1 and P2 [zc in (A)]. Males are plotted in blue and females are plotted in red. (D) Power spectral density of EODs of P. sphekodes in (A) with its maximum power at 1125 Hz. Flow and Fhi are the frequencies where the spectral power drops 3 dB below the peak power of the FFT. The bandwidth of the power spectrum is Fhi–Flow. (E) Superimposed power spectra for the nine EODs shown in (C) with peak frequencies marked with ‘x’. Axes units are as in D." ;
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fabio:hasRepresentation <https://zenodo.org/record/5711058/files/figure.png> ;
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|
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<http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5711062>
|
||
dc:description "Figure 10. Distribution map of West-Central Africa showing collection localities of specimens of P. sphekodes (blue), P. ntotom sp. nov. (red) and P. curvifrons (green). Stars mark collection locations of holotypes (or lectotype) and circles mark locations of other specimens." ;
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|
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<http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5711060>
|
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dc:description "Figure9. Histologyofpara-sagittalsectionofparalectotype of P. sphekodes specimen MNHN 1998-1050 (Female, 98.7 mm, SL) shows electrocytes of type NPp (Non-Penetrating stalks with posterior innervation). The specimen, collected from Doumé Falls by Alfred Marche in 1876–1877 and preserved in alcohol, was embedded in plastic, sectioned with a tungsten carbide knife at 7 µm and stained with toluidine blue. E = main body of the electrocyte; anterior = anterior face of electrocyte; post = posterior face of same electrocyte; c = collagen layer separating two electrocytes; S = stalk of electrocyte which is innervated by the axons from the electromotor nerve (not shown); s = stalklets, or small branches from a dividing stalk that eventually fuse with posterior face of the electrocyte. Stalks are innervated on the posterior side of the electrocyte and all branches of the stalk system remain posterior to the main body of the electrocyte without crossing to the opposite or anterior side." ;
|
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a fabio:Figure .
|
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|
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<http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5711064>
|
||
dc:description "Figure 11. (A, B) Collection localities near the rapids at Doumé (0.84245°S, +12.96249°E) on the Ogooué River of Gabon, where P. sphekodes is sympatric with P. ntotom sp. nov. (B) shows local villagers fishing with hoop nets at Doumé. (C, D) View of the Sébé River (0.93494°S, 13.35767°E) where the two species are also sympatric. Both habitats are moderate-sized rivers with gentle flow or rapids over rocky outcroppings, interspersed with sandy beaches, surrounded by dense rain forest. The Ogooué River is 75–100 m wide at Doumé, 3 m in depth, and the water had low conductivity (13.9 µs/cm) at pH 7.04 and 6.66 mg/L O2 (83.1% saturated) at 26.7 °C. The Sébé River is 55–75 m wide, approximately 3.1 m deep, 16.0 µs conductivity, 7.08 pH and 7.5 mg/L O2 (93.6% saturation) at 26.6°C)." ;
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||
dwc:catalogNumber "A 893, MNHN 1998-1050" ;
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||
dwc:collectionCode "MNHN" ;
|
||
dwc:locality "Ogooue River" ;
|
||
dwc:typeStatus "lectotype" ;
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trt:gbifOccurrenceId "3408767305" ;
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dwc:locality "Because" ;
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dwc:typeStatus "lectotype" ;
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trt:gbifOccurrenceId "3408767314" ;
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|
||
dwc:collectionCode "MNHN" ;
|
||
dwc:locality "Doume" ;
|
||
dwc:recordedBy "A. Marche" ;
|
||
dwc:typeStatus "lectotype" ;
|
||
dwc:verbatimLatitude "-0.84137" ;
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dwc:verbatimLongitude "12.96548" ;
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trt:gbifOccurrenceId "3408767301" ;
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dwc:catalogNumber "MNHN 1998-1050" ;
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dwc:collectionCode "MNHN" ;
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dwc:locality "Type" ;
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dwc:typeStatus "paralectotype" ;
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dwc:catalogNumber "CUMV 96810" ;
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dwc:catalogNumber "B5-26" ;
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dwc:eventDate "2014-09-17" ;
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trt:gbifOccurrenceId "3408767318" ;
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dwc:catalogNumber "AMNH 264378" ;
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dwc:catalogNumber "MNHN 2015-0257" ;
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dwc:locality "Sebe" ;
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|
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dwc:catalogNumber "MNHN 2015-0258" ;
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dwc:collectionCode "MNHN" ;
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dwc:eventDate "2014-09-20" ;
|
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trt:gbifOccurrenceId "3408767319" ;
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|
||
dwc:catalogNumber "AMNH 264377" ;
|
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dwc:collectionCode "AMNH" ;
|
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trt:gbifOccurrenceId "3408767307" ;
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trt:httpUri <https://treatment.plazi.org/id/F84B0818F2760736FF44B93D8AA4FCE7#C08AB353F2760734FCB6BA0A8AF7FEB1> ;
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dwc:catalogNumber "CUMV 98161" ;
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dwc:collectionCode "CUMV" ;
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trt:gbifOccurrenceId "3408767320" ;
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||
dwc:catalogNumber "B5-26" ;
|
||
dwc:collectionCode "MRAC" ;
|
||
trt:gbifOccurrenceId "3408767313" ;
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|
||
dwc:catalogNumber "CUMV 98177" ;
|
||
dwc:collectionCode "CUMV" ;
|
||
dwc:eventDate "2014-09-22" ;
|
||
trt:gbifOccurrenceId "3408767308" ;
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||
dwc:catalogNumber "BD 15.4, 17.31" ;
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dwc:collectionCode "BD, EOD" ;
|
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trt:gbifOccurrenceId "3408767310" ;
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|
||
dwc:collectionCode "EOD" ;
|
||
dwc:verbatimLatitude "0.32" ;
|
||
dwc:verbatimLongitude "-0.94" ;
|
||
trt:gbifOccurrenceId "3408767304" ;
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