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dc:creator "Marram ̀, Giuseppe; Claeso, Kerin M.; Carneval, Giorgio; Kriwe, Jurgen" ;
dc:title "Titanonarke molini" ;
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trt:publishedIn <http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14772019.2017.1371257> ;
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<http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14772019.2017.1371257>
bibo:endPage "1219" ;
bibo:issue "14" ;
bibo:journal "Journal of Systematic Palaeontology" ;
bibo:pubDate "2017-09-21" ;
bibo:startPage "1189" ;
bibo:volume "16" ;
dc:creator "Marram ̀, Giuseppe; Claeso, Kerin M.; Carneval, Giorgio; Kriwe, Jurgen" ;
dc:date "2018" ;
dc:title "Revision of Eocene electric rays (Torpediniformes, Batomorphii) from the Bolca Konservat-Lagerst atte, Italy, reveals the first fossil embryo in situ in marine batoids and provides new insights into the origin of trophic novelties in coral reef fishes" ;
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<http://taxon-concept.plazi.org/id/Animalia/Titanonarke_molini_Jaekel_1894>
dwc:authority "(Jaekel, 1894)" ;
dwc:baseAuthorityName "Jaekel" ;
dwc:baseAuthorityYear "1894" ;
dwc:class "Elasmobranchii" ;
dwc:family "Narcinidae" ;
dwc:genus "Titanonarke" ;
dwc:kingdom "Animalia" ;
dwc:order "Torpediniformes" ;
dwc:phylum "Chordata" ;
dwc:rank "species" ;
dwc:scientificNameAuthorship "(Jaekel, 1894)" ;
dwc:species "molini" ;
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dwc:class "Elasmobranchii" ;
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dwc:genus "Titanonarke" ;
dwc:kingdom "Animalia" ;
dwc:order "Torpediniformes" ;
dwc:phylum "Chordata" ;
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dwc:species "molini" ;
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dwc:class "Elasmobranchii" ;
dwc:family "Narcinidae" ;
dwc:genus "Titanonarke" ;
dwc:kingdom "Animalia" ;
dwc:order "Torpediniformes" ;
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dwc:class "Elasmobranchii" ;
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dwc:kingdom "Animalia" ;
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<http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10883270>
dc:description "Figure 2. †Titanonarke molini (Jaekel, 1894) from the Eocene Monte Postale site. A, B, MGP-PD 26275/6, holotype in part and counterpart. Scale bars = 100 mm." ;
fabio:hasRepresentation <https://zenodo.org/record/10883270/files/figure.png> ;
a fabio:Figure .
<http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10883273>
dc:description "Figure 3. †Titanonarke molini (Jaekel, 1894) from the Eocene Monte Postale site. A, MCSNV IG.VR.67290; B, MCSNV IG.91128/9. Scale bars = 100 mm." ;
fabio:hasRepresentation <https://zenodo.org/record/10883273/files/figure.png> ;
a fabio:Figure .
<http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10883277>
dc:description "Figure 4. Juvenile individuals of †Titanonarke molini (Jaekel, 1894) from the Eocene Monte Postale site. A, MCSNV IG.VR.91359; B, MCSNV IG.135581. Scale bars = 10 mm." ;
fabio:hasRepresentation <https://zenodo.org/record/10883277/files/figure.png> ;
a fabio:Figure .
<http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10883279>
dc:description "Figure 5. †Titanonarke molini (Jaekel, 1894) from the Eocene Monte Postale site. A, MCSNV IG.VR.67290, close-up of the head and hyoid apparatus; B, reconstruction. Abbreviations: ao, antorbital cartilage; bb, basibranchials; bbc, basibranchial copula; cb, ceratobranchials; cc, chondrocranium; eb, epibranchials; hb, hypobranchials; hym, hyomandibula; la, labial cartilages; me, Meckels cartilage; nc, nasal capsule; pq, palatoquadrate; ps, pseudohyoid; ra, rostral appendix; rf, rostral fontanelle; ro, rostral cartilage; sca, scapulocoracoid; ss, suprascapula; syn, synarcual. Scale bars = 50 mm." ;
fabio:hasRepresentation <https://zenodo.org/record/10883279/files/figure.png> ;
a fabio:Figure .
<http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10883285>
dc:description "Figure 6. †Titanonarke molini (Jaekel, 1894) from the Eocene Monte Postale site. A, the juvenile individual MCSNV IG.VR.91359; B, reconstruction. Abbreviations: ao, antorbital cartilage; cb, ceratobranchials; hym, hyomandibula; la, labial cartilages; me, Meckels cartilage; mes, mesopterygium; met, metapterygium; nc, nasal capsule; pel, prepelvic process; pub, puboischiadic bar; pq, palatoquadrate; pro, propterygium; ps, pseudohyoid; rad, pectoral radials; ro, rostral cartilage; sca, scapulocoracoid; ss, suprascapula; syn, synarcual. Scale bars = 50 mm." ;
fabio:hasRepresentation <https://zenodo.org/record/10883285/files/figure.png> ;
a fabio:Figure .
<http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10883287>
dc:description "Figure 7. †Titanonarke molini (Jaekel, 1894) from the Eocene Monte Postale site. A, B, UV images of the holotype MGP-PD 26275/6 showing that it was covered with a pigment reflecting an orange light (see also Supplementary material). The arrows in A indicate a leaf also covered with the pigment, a drop, and some rays that were not distally covered (they are blue/grey, as expected); the arrowhead in A indicates part of the third branch of the antorbital cartilage not covered by pigment; the arrowhead in B indicates the rostral appendix; C, Narcine brasiliensis (TNHC 18512); the arrows indicate the rostral appendices. Scale bars: A, B = 50 mm; C = 10 mm." ;
fabio:hasRepresentation <https://zenodo.org/record/10883287/files/figure.png> ;
a fabio:Figure .
<http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10883289>
dc:description "Figure 8. Visual image of the principal component analysis (PCA) performed on the entire set of log-transformed standardized morphometric and meristic features, showing the separation of the specimens referred to †Titanonarke molini (right side of morphospace) from those referred to †Titanonarke megapterygia sp. nov. (left side). The illustrations lying along the extreme values of PC1 represent the hypothetical reconstruction of the two species based on body proportions." ;
fabio:hasRepresentation <https://zenodo.org/record/10883289/files/figure.png> ;
a fabio:Figure .
<http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10883293>
dc:description "Figure 9. A, synarcual and pectoral girdle of Narcine brasiliensis (AMNH 95343) in dorsal view; B, synarcual and pectoral girdle of †Titanonarke molini (MCSNV IG.VR.91359) in ventral view. The arrowheads indicate the posteriorly directed lateral stays of the synarcual. The arrows indicate the posteriorly directed scapular process of the scapulocoracoid. Abbreviations: cb, ceratocranchials; sca, scapulocoracoid; ss, suprascapula; syn, synarcual. Scale bar = 5 mm." ;
fabio:hasRepresentation <https://zenodo.org/record/10883293/files/figure.png> ;
a fabio:Figure .
<http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10883297>
dc:description "Figure 11. Pelvic fins of †Titanonarke molini (Jaekel, 1894) from the Eocene Monte Postale site. A, MCSNV IG.VR.67290; B, reconstruction. Abbreviations: bas, basipterygia; ilp, iliac process; pel, pelvic processes; pub, puboischiadic bar; rad, pelvic radials. The arrowhead indicates the iliac process. Scale bars = 50 mm." ;
fabio:hasRepresentation <https://zenodo.org/record/10883297/files/figure.png> ;
a fabio:Figure .
<http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10883295>
dc:description "Figure 10. Pectoral fin of †Titanonarke molini (Jaekel, 1894) from the Eocene Monte Postale site. A, MCSNV IG.VR.67290; B, reconstruction; different colours are used to distinguish the propterygial (green), mesopterygial (yellow) and metapterygial (red) radials (colours in the online version). Abbreviations: mes, mesopterygium; met, metapterygium; pro, propterygium; sca, scapulocoracoid. Scale bars = 50 mm." ;
fabio:hasRepresentation <https://zenodo.org/record/10883295/files/figure.png> ;
a fabio:Figure .
<http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10883299>
dc:description "Figure 12. †Titanonarke molini (Jaekel, 1894) from the Eocene Monte Postale site. Close-up of the distal end of pelvic fins of MCSNV IG.91128, which is supposed to be the unique male individual based on the presence of claspers. Abbreviations: cla, clasper; dfr, first dorsal-fin radials, pelvic radials. Scale bar = 50 mm." ;
fabio:hasRepresentation <https://zenodo.org/record/10883299/files/figure.png> ;
a fabio:Figure .
<http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10883301>
dc:description "Figure 13. †Titanonarke molini (Jaekel, 1894) from the Eocene Monte Postale site. Details of the precaudal tail of A, MCSNV IG. VR.67290 and B, MGP-PD 26276. The arrows mark the position of the two dorsal fins in MCSNV IG.VR.67290 and the second dorsal fin in MGP-PD 26276 already detected and figured by Jaekel (1894). C, Detail of the caudal fin of MCSNV IG.91129. Scale bars: A, B = 50 mm; C = 10 mm." ;
fabio:hasRepresentation <https://zenodo.org/record/10883301/files/figure.png> ;
a fabio:Figure .
<http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10883305>
dc:description "Figure 14. †Titanonarke molini (Jaekel, 1894) from the Eocene of Monte Postale site. A, upper and lower tooth bands in MCSNV IG.VR.67290, with a close-up of some teeth in the area indicated. B, reconstruction. Abbreviations: la, labial cartilage; me, Meckels cartilage; pq, palatoquadrate. Scale bars 5 mm." ;
fabio:hasRepresentation <https://zenodo.org/record/10883305/files/figure.png> ;
a fabio:Figure .
<http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10883307>
dc:description "Figure 15. A, B, †Titanonarke molini (Jaekel, 1894) from the Eocene Monte Postale site; A, detail of the abdominal region in MGP-PD 26275 showing the stomach content; B, reconstruction; note also the embryo lying next to the stomach. C, D, close-up of some of the larger foraminifera of the genus †Alveolina in the stomach of MGP-PD 26275. E, dissected specimen of Torpedo nobiliana in ventral view (ESB tn200707_159) showing the position of the stomach, used to identify the accumulation in MGP-PD 26275 as gut contents. Abbreviations: int, intestine; liv, liver; met, metapterygium; pub, puboischiadic bar; sca, scapulocoracoid; st, stomach, syn synarcual. Scale bars: A, B = 50 mm; C, D = 2 mm." ;
fabio:hasRepresentation <https://zenodo.org/record/10883307/files/figure.png> ;
a fabio:Figure .
<http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10883311>
dc:description "Figure 16. A, B, D, †Titanonarke molini (Jaekel, 1894) from the Eocene Monte Postale site; A, close-up of the abdominal region of MGP-PD 26275 showing the embryo; the anterior region of the body lies on the lower portion of the photo; B, reconstruction; D, detail of the vertebral column of the embryo indicated in B with a dotted rectangle. C, dissected specimen of Potamotrygon tigrina (IUWP 7361) showing the position of the left uterus, just next to the stomach. Abbreviations: int, intestine; liv, liver; lu, left uterus; na, neural arches; ru, right uterus; st, stomach; vc, vertebral centra. Scale bars: A, B = 10 mm; D = 1 mm." ;
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a fabio:Figure .
<http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/dwcaRecords/03E887962270B04E2565EF19FB01F907.mc.3B293CDD2270B05A273FEA62FA40FCA9>
dwc:catalogNumber "MGP-PD 26275" ;
dwc:typeStatus "holotype" ;
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