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dc:creator "Carvalho, Marcelo Rodrigues De" ;
dc:title "Gymnura lessae Carvalho 2017, sp. nov." ;
trt:definesTaxonConcept <http://taxon-concept.plazi.org/id/Animalia/Gymnura_lessae_Carvalho_2017> ;
trt:deprecates <http://taxon-concept.plazi.org/id/Animalia/Gymnura_altavela_Fowler_1945>, <http://taxon-concept.plazi.org/id/Animalia/Gymnura_micrura_Bigelow_1953>, <http://taxon-concept.plazi.org/id/Animalia/Pteroplatea_maclura_Puyo_1936>, <http://taxon-concept.plazi.org/id/Animalia/Pteroplatea_micrura_Garman_1913> ;
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bibo:endPage "74" ;
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bibo:journal "Zootaxa" ;
bibo:pubDate "2017-10-12" ;
bibo:startPage "1" ;
bibo:volume "4332" ;
dc:creator "Carvalho, Marcelo Rodrigues De" ;
dc:date "2017" ;
dc:title "Taxonomic and morphological revision of butterfly rays of the Gymnura micrura (Bloch & Schneider 1801) species complex, with the description of two new species (Myliobatiformes: Gymnuridae)" ;
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dwc:authority "Carvalho, 2017" ;
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dwc:authorityYear "2017" ;
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dwc:family "Gymnuridae" ;
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dwc:phylum "Chordata" ;
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dwc:authorityName ": Puyo" ;
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dwc:authority ": Bigelow & Schroeder, 1953: 408" ;
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dwc:family "Gymnuridae" ;
dwc:genus "Gymnura" ;
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dwc:order "Myliobatiformes" ;
dwc:phylum "Chordata" ;
dwc:rank "species" ;
dwc:scientificNameAuthorship "Bigelow & Schroeder, 1953" ;
dwc:species "micrura" ;
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dwc:authority ": Fowler, 1945: 162" ;
dwc:authorityName ": Fowler" ;
dwc:authorityPageNumber "162" ;
dwc:authorityYear "1945" ;
dwc:class "Elasmobranchii" ;
dwc:family "Gymnuridae" ;
dwc:genus "Gymnura" ;
dwc:kingdom "Animalia" ;
dwc:order "Myliobatiformes" ;
dwc:phylum "Chordata" ;
dwc:rank "species" ;
dwc:scientificNameAuthorship "Fowler, 1945" ;
dwc:species "altavela" ;
rdfs:seeAlso <https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/3HVPT> ;
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dwc:kingdom "Animalia" ;
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dwc:class "Elasmobranchii" ;
dwc:family "Gymnuridae" ;
dwc:genus "Pteroplatea" ;
dwc:kingdom "Animalia" ;
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dwc:class "Elasmobranchii" ;
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dwc:genus "Pteroplatea" ;
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dwc:class "Elasmobranchii" ;
dwc:family "Gymnuridae" ;
dwc:genus "Gymnura" ;
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dwc:class "Elasmobranchii" ;
dwc:family "Gymnuridae" ;
dwc:genus "Gymnura" ;
dwc:kingdom "Animalia" ;
dwc:order "Myliobatiformes" ;
dwc:phylum "Chordata" ;
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<http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1052109>
dc:description "FIGURE 34. Ventral lateral line system. A) Gymnura micrura (RN F 43, female, 339 mm DW); B) Gymnura lessae, sp. nov. (NCSM 49395, female, 292 mm DW); C) Gymnura sereti, sp. nov. (FLMNH 29993, juvenile male, 290 mm DW). Subpleural tubules omitted. Canals on the left side not shown in their entirety. Differences between species observed in the pictures but not mentioned in the text were not considered consistent enough to be diagnostic. Colors: red, hyomandibular canal; green, infraorbital canal; brown, supraorbital canal; blue, nasal canal; yellow, prenasal canal. inl, innernasal loop; lh, lateral hook; pl, prenasal loop; spl, subpleural loop." ;
fabio:hasRepresentation <https://zenodo.org/record/1052109/files/figure.png> ;
a fabio:Figure .
<http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1052113>
dc:description "FIGURE 36. Outline of dorsal cranial fontanelle, dorsal view. A) Gymnura micrura (ANSP 120086, 185 mm DW); B) Gymnura lessae, sp. nov. (USNM 155734, 336 mm DW); C D) Gymnura sereti, sp. nov. (C. BMNH 1963.8. 9.3, 337 mm DW; D. FMNH 118133, 368 mm DW)." ;
fabio:hasRepresentation <https://zenodo.org/record/1052113/files/figure.png> ;
a fabio:Figure .
<http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1052117>
dc:description "FIGURE 38. Mandibular arches, radiograph, dorsoventral view. A) Gymnura micrura (USNM 222622, 323 mm DW); B) Gymnura lessae, sp. nov. (USNM 25452, 390 mm DW) C) Gymnura sereti, sp. nov. (holotype, USNM 193741, 383 mm DW). Abbreviations: ap, anterior process; hyo, hyomandibula; mc, Meckels cartilage; pq, palatoquadrate; tb, tooth band. Black arrows indicate the most convex dorsal portion of the palatoquadrate; white arrow indicates the furrow at the ventral border of palatoquadrate of G. lessae." ;
fabio:hasRepresentation <https://zenodo.org/record/1052117/files/figure.png> ;
a fabio:Figure .
<http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1052125>
dc:description "FIGURE 42. Synarcual cartilage (radiograph, dorsolateral view). A) Gymnura micrura (USNM 222622, 323 mm DW); B) Gymnura lessae, sp. nov. (SU 14336, 312 mm DW); C) Gymnura sereti, sp. nov. (holotype, USNM 193741, 383 mm DW). Abbreviations: assp, articular surface for scapular process; isv, intersynarcual vertebrae; lap, lateral anterior process; ls, lateral stay; mdc, medial crest; op, odontoid process; sc, suprasynarcual cartilage; snf, spinal nerve foramina; sp, scapular process; scp, scapulocoracoid. Arrows indicate the point where the synarcual base projects laterally and extends posteriorly." ;
fabio:hasRepresentation <https://zenodo.org/record/1052125/files/figure.png> ;
a fabio:Figure .
<http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1052129>
dc:description "FIGURE 44. Scapulocoracoid (radiograph, dorsoventral view). A) Gymnura micrura (USNM 222622, 323 mm DW); B) Gymnura lessae, sp. nov. (CSIRO H 7511.01, 363 mm DW); C) Gymnura sereti, sp. nov. (holotype, USNM 193741, 383 mm DW). Abbreviations: adf, anterodorsal fenestra; avf, anteroventral fenestra; co, coracoid cartilage; fmes, fragments of mesopterygium; mes 1, mesopterygium 1; mes 2, mesopterygium 2; met, metapterygium; msc, mesocondyle; mtc, metacondyle; pc, procondyle; pdf, postdorsal fenestra; pro, propterygium; S, synarcual; ssc, suprascapular cartilage." ;
fabio:hasRepresentation <https://zenodo.org/record/1052129/files/figure.png> ;
a fabio:Figure .
<http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1052133>
dc:description "FIGURE 46. Radiograph of head region (dorsoventral view) showing the arching of propterygium and shape of the inner space between propterygia (black line). A) Gymnura micrura (USNM 222622, 323 mm DW); B) Gymnura lessae, sp. nov. (CSIRO H 7511.01, 363 mm DW); C) Gymnura sereti, sp. nov. (holotype, USNM 193741, 383 mm DW). Abbreviations: anto, antorbital cartilage; f, fontanelle; mc, Meckels cartilage; mes, mesopterygium; nc, nasal capsule; pq, palatoquadrate; pro, propterygium; rad, radials; scp, scapulocoracoid; S, synarcual." ;
fabio:hasRepresentation <https://zenodo.org/record/1052133/files/figure.png> ;
a fabio:Figure .
<http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1052137>
dc:description "FIGURE 48. Pelvic girdle and pelvic fin (radiography, dorsoventral view). A) Gymnura micrura (USNM 222622, 323 mm DW); B) Gymnura lessae, sp. nov. (holotype, USNM 51940, 420 mm DW); C) Gymnura sereti, sp. nov. (holotype, USNM 193741, 383 mm DW). Abbreviations: bpt, basipterygium; ip, iliac process; isp, isquial process; lpp, lateral prepelvic process; of, obturator foramina; pb, puboischiadic bar; ppp, medial prepelvic process; ppv, pelvic propterygium; rad, radials." ;
fabio:hasRepresentation <https://zenodo.org/record/1052137/files/figure.png> ;
a fabio:Figure .
<http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1052063>
dc:description "FIGURE 11. Dorsal (A) and ventral (B) views of holotype of Gymnura lessae, sp. nov. (USNM 51940, adult male, 420 mm DW)." ;
fabio:hasRepresentation <https://zenodo.org/record/1052063/files/figure.png> ;
a fabio:Figure .
<http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1052077>
dc:description "FIGURE 18. Clasper of Gymnura lessae, sp. nov. A) Illustration in dorsal view, right clasper, showing external morphology; B) Radiograph, dorsoventral view (holotype, USNM 51940) showing skeleton. Abbreviations: ap, apopyle; at, accessory terminal cartilage; ax, axial cartilage; B, beta cartilage; b 1, first basal segment; b 2, second basal segment; cg, clasper groove; dp, dorsal pseudosiphon; DT 1, dorsal terminal 1 cartilage; DT 2, dorsal terminal 2 cartilage; hpp, hypopyle; pf, pelvic fin; VM, ventral marginal cartilage; vp, ventral pseudosiphon; VT, ventral terminal cartilage." ;
fabio:hasRepresentation <https://zenodo.org/record/1052077/files/figure.png> ;
a fabio:Figure .
<http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1052079>
dc:description "FIGURE 19. Dorsal view of disc of Gymnura lessae, sp. nov., showing variation in vermiculate color pattern. B, D, F and H are amplifications of the white squares in A, C, E and G, respectively. A. NCSM 49395, 292 mm DW; C. AMNH 84277, 308 mm DW; E. CSIRO H 7511.01, 363 mm DW; G. FLMNH 29981, 695 mm DW." ;
fabio:hasRepresentation <https://zenodo.org/record/1052079/files/figure.png> ;
a fabio:Figure .
<http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1052081>
dc:description "FIGURE 20. Specimens of Gymnura lessae, sp. nov., showing variation in dorsal color. A) Dorsal view of anterolateral disc region showing light bands on outer anterior margin of disc (CAS 19834, 296 mm DW); B) Dorsal view of head showing light bands on outer anterior margin of disc (CSIRO H 7511.01, 363 mm DW); C) Detail of central region of dorsal disc showing vermiculate pattern (USNM 26551, 327 mm DW); D) Tail cross-banded (CAS 19834, 296 mm DW); E) Tail of a larger specimen, with diffuse, less distinct bands (FLMNH 29981, 695 mm DW)." ;
fabio:hasRepresentation <https://zenodo.org/record/1052081/files/figure.png> ;
a fabio:Figure .
<http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1052071>
dc:description "FIGURE 15. Specimens of Gymnura lessae, sp. nov., dorsal view. A) Adult male, 440 mm DW (AMS IA- 78); B) Adult female, 695 mm DW (FLMNH 29981); C) Juvenile male, 244 mm DW (CAS 19835); D) Juvenile female, 296 mm DW (CAS 19834)." ;
fabio:hasRepresentation <https://zenodo.org/record/1052071/files/figure.png> ;
a fabio:Figure .
<http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1052073>
dc:description "FIGURE 16. Ventral view of pelvic fin of Gymnura lessae, sp. nov. A) Male (AMNH 84277, unregistered size); B) Female (CAS 19834, 296 mm DW)." ;
fabio:hasRepresentation <https://zenodo.org/record/1052073/files/figure.png> ;
a fabio:Figure .
<http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1052075>
dc:description "FIGURE 17. Morphological details of Gymnura lessae, sp. nov. A) Dorsal view of head (CSIRO H 7511.01, 363 mm DW); B) Detail of eye and spiracle, showing straight contour of inner margin of spiracle (CSIRO H 7511.01); C) Detail of eye and spiracle, showing concave contour of inner margin of spiracle (AMNH 84277); D) Ventral view of head (paratype, USNM 440342, 280 mm DW)." ;
fabio:hasRepresentation <https://zenodo.org/record/1052075/files/figure.png> ;
a fabio:Figure .
<http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1052083>
dc:description "FIGURE 21. Map showing geographical distribution of Gymnura lessae, sp. nov. Black star represent approximate locality of holotype, red circles represent approximate localities of material examined in the present study; grey circles represent approximate localities based on literature (as G. micrura; Fowler 1920, Nichols & Breder 1927, Breder 1931, Müller & Henle 1841, Bigelow & Schroeder 1953, Daiber & Booth 1960, Schwartz 1961, González-Isáis 2003, 2004, Kobelkowsky 2004, Cu- Salazar et al. 2014). B is a detailed view of darker rectangle in A. Localities may represent more than one specimen. Abbreviations: NC, North Carolina; VA, Virginia; DE, Delaware; NJ, New Jersey; PA, Pennsylvania; NY, New York; MA, Massachusetts." ;
fabio:hasRepresentation <https://zenodo.org/record/1052083/files/figure.png> ;
a fabio:Figure .