Rodríguez, Fredy Palacino; Sarmiento, Carlos E.; González-Soriano, Enrique
Morphological variability and evaluation of taxonomic characters in the genus Erythemis Hagen, 1861 (Odonata: Libellulidae: Sympetrinae)
Figure 1. a) Plot showing continuous variation for the character distance between lateral and ventral carinae (dlvc), opposite to meeting point of lateral and medial transverse carinae on S3 (lmt). Numbers represent the following species: 1) E. attala, 2) E. carmelita, 3) E. collocata, 4) E. credula, 5) E. haematogastra, 6) E. mithroides, 7) E. peruviana, 8) E. plebeja, 9) E. simplicicollis, 10) E. vesiculosa. b) S1-3 E. carmelita males showing the measures from Williamson (1923): distance between lateral and ventral carinae (dlvc), divided by the measure of distance between meeting point of lateral and medial transverse carinae and ventral carinae (lmt).
Figure 2. Plots of the first two discriminant functions of the discriminant analysis. a) The first two discriminant functions explain 72.5% in males, the cases in where species are overlapped were analyzed by separated in b. b) The first two discriminant functions explain 88.3% in males, and c) The first two discriminant functions explain 83.7% in F. Polygons define the limits of proposed groups.
Figures 4–9. Morphometric characters. 4) S1-3 of E. carmelita male, 5-6) E. simplicicollis male; 7) E. peruviana female; 8) FW of E. vesiculosa male; 9) E. simplicicollis male. Abbreviations indicate the following characters, LFW, LHW: FW or HW length; Lnpt: Nodus-pterostigma length; Antr: Triangle width; Lar: Arculus-second antenodal length; Lba: wing base-arculus length; Lban: Wing base-nodus length; Anpt: Pterostigma width; Lopt: Pterostigma length; Ansbt: Subtriangle width; Acd: HW discoidal field posterior border width; Anb: HW base width; Lasa-ca: Supplementary anal vein-Cu-A crossvein, Lab: Abdomen length; Las: Cercus length; Ddas: reach of teeth on ventral region of cercus; Anas: Anterolateral width of cercus; S: Abdominal segment 3; LclS3: Lateral carina length; LcaS3: 3 Apical carina length; Lecv: Ventral carina length; Lecv-clS3: Basal area between ventral-lateral carinae on S3; Wm: Width medial region of the abdominal segment; S 8: Abdominal segment 8; S 9: Abdominal segment 9; Lal: Female lamina length from base of basal lobe to apex.
Figures 10–17. Discrete characters of vulvar lamina, abdominal appendages, thorax, and femur.Numbers represent the following species: 10) E. peruviana female; 11) E. plebeja female; 12) E. simplicicollis male; 13) E. mithroides male; 14) E. vesiculosa male; 15) E. peruviana female; 16) E. vesiculosa female, 17) E. attala male. Abbreviations indicate the following characters, S 8 -S 9: Abdominal segments 8-9; LV: Vulvar lamina; Pb: Posterior border; Vt: Teeth ventral; Ai: Inferior appendage; As: Antehumeral stripe.
Figures 18–25. Discrete characters of vesica spermalis. Numbers represent the following species:18) E. mithroides, dorsal view; 19) E. carmelita, left side view; 20) E. vesiculosa, left side view; 21) E. peruviana, left side view; 22) E. credula, dorsal wiew; 23) E. haematogastra, right side view; 24) E. credula, finger-shaped structures, dorsal view; 25) E. plebeja, dorsal view. Abbreviations indicate the following characters, C: Cornua; L: Lateral lobe; H: Hook; Pb: Posterior border; M: Medial lobe; P: Posterior lobe; NH: Hook not bilobed.
Figure 38. Erythemis vesiculosa distribution map.
Brasilia D. F. & N. Santos & L. F. Netto & H. Mezquita