Steinpress, Igor Armiach; Cohen, Mira; Pétillon, Julien; Chipman, Ariel D.; Gavish-Regev, Efrat
Lycosa Latreille, 1804 (Araneae, Lycosidae) of Israel, with a note on Geolycosa Montgomery, 1904
Fig. 1. Collecting localities for this study (small map points to a locality in southern Sinai). ■: Geolycosa vultuosa C.L. Koch, 1838.x: Lycosa gesseritsp. nov. o: Lycosasp. ★: Lycosa hyraculussp. nov. ●: Lycosa piochardi Simon, 1876. Isohyets represent mean annual precipitation in mm. Arrows point to localities represented in molecular phylogeny.
Fig. 2. ♂♂ Pedipalps, ventral view. A. Geolycosa vultuosa C.L. Koch, 1838 (HUJ INV-AR20960). B. Lycosa gesserit sp. nov., holotype (HUJ INV-AR20631). C. Lycosa hyraculus sp. nov., holotype (HUJ INV-AR20818). D. Lycosa piochardi Simon, 1876 (HUJ INV-AR20948). E. Lycosa praegrandis C.L. Koch, 1836 (Veles, North Macedonia; 1 Jun. 2002; courtesy of Marjan Komnenov). Scale bars = 0.5 mm. Photos by I. Armiach Steinpress.
Fig. 3. Male pedipalps, prolateral view. A. Geolycosa vultuosa C.L. Koch, 1838 (HUJ INV-AR20960). B. Lycosa gesserit sp. nov., holotype (HUJ INV-AR20631). C. Lycosa hyraculus sp. nov., holotype (HUJ INV-AR20818). D. Lycosa piochardi Simon, 1876 (HUJ INV-AR20948). Scale bars = 0.5 mm. Photos by I. Armiach Steinpress.
Fig. 4. Male pedipalps retrolateral view. A. Geolycosa vultuosa C.L. Koch, 1838 (HUJ INV-AR20960). B. Lycosa gesserit sp. nov., holotype (HUJ INV-AR20631). C. Lycosa hyraculus sp. nov., holotype (HUJ INV-AR20818). D. Lycosa piochardi Simon, 1876 (HUJ INV-AR20948). Scale bars = 0.5 mm. Photos by I. Armiach Steinpress.
Fig. 5. Male pedipalps, distal view. A. Geolycosa vultuosa C.L. Koch, 1838 (HUJ INV-AR20960). B. Lycosa gesserit sp. nov., holotype (HUJ INV-AR20631). C. Lycosa hyraculus sp. nov., holotype (HUJ INV-AR20818). D. Lycosa piochardi Simon, 1876 (HUJ INV-AR20948). Scale bars = 0.5 mm. Photos by I. Armiach Steinpress.
Fig. 6.Habitus, dorsal view. A. Geolycosa vultuosa C.L. Koch, 1838, ♂ (HUJ INV-AR20961). B. Lycosa gesserit sp. nov., holotype, ♂ (HUJ INV-AR20631). C. Lycosa hyraculus sp. nov., holotype, ♂ (HUJ INV-AR20818). D. Lycosa piochardi Simon, 1876, ♂ (HUJ INV-AR20597). E. Lycosa sp., ♀ (HUJ INV-AR20573). F. Lycosa hyraculus sp. nov., paratype, ♀ (HUJ INV-AR20817). G. Lycosa piochardi Simon, 1876, ♀ (SMFD11934). Scale bars = 10 mm. Photos by I. Armiach Steinpress.
Fig. 7. Habitus, ventral view. A. Geolycosa vultuosa C.L. Koch, 1838, ♂ (HUJ INV-AR20961). B. Lycosa gesserit sp. nov., holotype, ♂ (HUJ INV-AR20631). C. Lycosa hyraculus sp. nov., holotype, ♂ (HUJ INV-AR20818). D. Lycosa piochardi Simon, 1876, ♂ (HUJ INV-AR20597). E. Lycosa sp., ♀ (HUJ INV-AR20573). F. Lycosa hyraculus sp. nov., paratype, ♀ (HUJ INV-AR20817). G. Lycosa piochardi Simon, 1876, ♀ (SMFD11934). Scale bars = 10 mm. Photos by I. Armiach Steinpress.
Fig. 9. Epigynes, ventral view. A. Lycosa sp. (HUJ INV-AR20573). B. Lycosa hyraculus sp. nov., paratype (HUJ INV-AR20817). C–L. Lycosa piochardi Simon, 1876. C. HUJ INV-AR20607. D. HUJ INV-AR20912. E. HUJ INV-AR20671. F. SMFD2184. G. HUJ INV-AR20963. H. HUJ INV-AR20709. I. HUJ INV-AR20897. J. HUJ INV-AR20530. K. HUJ INV-AR20860. L. HUJ INV-AR20758. M. Lycosa praegrandis C.L. Koch, 1836 (Veles, North Macedonia, 1 Jun. 2002; courtesy of Marjan Komnenov). Scale bars = 0.5 mm. Photos by I. Armiach Steinpress.
Fig. 10. Epigynes, dorsal view. A. Lycosa sp. (HUJ INV-AR20573). B. Lycosa hyraculus sp. nov., paratype (HUJ INV-AR20817). C–L. Lycosa piochardi Simon, 1876 (HUJ INV-AR20607). D. HUJ INV-AR20912. E. HUJ INV-AR20671. F. SMFD2184. G. HUJ INV-AR20963. H. HUJ INV-AR20709. I. HUJ INV-AR20897. J. HUJ INV-AR20530. K. HUJ INV-AR20860. L. HUJ INV-AR20758. M. Lycosa praegrandis C.L. Koch, 1836 (Veles, North Macedonia, 1 Jun. 2002; courtesy of Marjan Komnenov). Scale bars = 0.5 mm. Photos by I. Armiach Steinpress.
Fig. 11. Lycosa female epigyne, line drawings. A–B. Lycosa sp. (HUJ INV-AR20573). A. Ventral view. B. Dorsal view. C–D. Lycosa hyraculus sp. nov., paratype (HUJ INV-AR20817). C. Ventral view. D. Dorsal view. E–F. Lycosa piochardi Simon, 1876 (HUJ INV-AR20709). E. Ventral view. F. Dorsal view. Scale bars = 0.5 mm. Drawings by I. Armiach Steinpress.
Fig. 12. Lycosa ♂♂, conductor tip, photograph and outline. A. Lycosa praegrandis C.L. Koch, 1836. B. Lycosa gesserit sp. nov., holotype (HUJ INV-AR20631). C. Lycosa hyraculus sp. nov., holotype (HUJ INV-AR20818). D. Lycosa piochardi Simon, 1876 (HUJ INV-AR20855). Scale bar = 0.5 mm. Photos and drawings by I. Armiach Steinpress.
Fig. 21. Typical habitats. A. Mediterranean grassland, Karmiel. B. Desert loess plain, Yeruham. C. Desert rocky slope, Yeruham. D. Mediterranean dwarf scrub (batha), Yodfat. Photos by I. Armiach Steinpress.
Fig. 22. Retreats. A. Geolycosa vultuosa C.L. Koch, 1838, burrow with turret made of soil. B. Lycosa hyraculus sp. nov., burrow with door, Midreshet Ben-Gurion. C–E. Lycosa piochardi Simon, 1876. C. Burrow with turret made of plant material, Midreshet Ben-Gurion. D. Burrow without turret, Tel Kofer. E. Retreat under stone, Ariel Sharon camp. Photos by I. Armiach Steinpress.
Fig. 13. Lycosa piochardi Simon, 1876, ♂ (HUJ INV-AR20948) right pedipalp (flipped) line drawings. A. Ventral view. B. Prolateral view. C. Retrolateral view. D. Distal view. Scale bars = 0.5 mm. Drawings by I. Armiach Steinpress.
Fig. 17. Lycosa piochardi Simon, 1876, live females demonstrating common dorsal coloration morphs. A. Sandy morph, Midreshet Ben-Gurion. B. Dark brown morph, Mt. Gilboa. C. Light brown with dark brown median bands, Mt. Hermon. D. Light brown morph, Modi’in. Photos by I. Armiach Steinpress.
Fig. 14. Lycosa piochardi Simon,1876, size comparison of largest and smallest ♀♀ in the dataset. A. HUJ INV-AR20671. B. HUJ INV-AR20897. Scale bar = 5 mm. Photo by I. Armiach Steinpress.
Fig. 27. Lycosa ♀♀ raised in laboratory for more than one molt, possibly aberrant epigynes, ventral view. A. L. hyraculus sp. nov. HUJ INV-AR20665. B–G. Lycosa piochardi Simon, 1876. B. HUJ INV-AR20576. C. HUJ INV-AR20552. D. HUJ INV-AR20668. E. HUJ INV-AR20563. F. HUJ INV- AR20783. G. HUJ INV-AR20549. Scale bars = 0.5 mm. Photos by I. Armiach Steinpress.
Fig. 26. Lycosa piochardi Simon, 1876, ten carapace molts shed between 9 Mar. 2018–1 Jun. 2020, by a single specimen (HUJ INV-AR20813) in laboratory conditions. Scale bar = 10 mm. Photo by I. Armiach Steinpress.
Fig. 18. Lycosa piochardi Simon, 1876, paratype, ♀ (MNHN 1266, vial 2076). A. Epigyne, ventral view. B. Epigyne, dorsal view. C. Habitus, dorsal view. D. Habitus, ventral view. Scale bars A–B = 0.5 mm; C–D = 10 mm. Photos by I. Armiach Steinpress.