@prefix rdf: . @prefix rdfs: . @prefix bibo: . @prefix cito: . @prefix dc: . @prefix dwc: . @prefix dwcFP: . @prefix fabio: . @prefix trt: . @prefix xlink: . cito:cites , , , , , , , , , , , , , ; dc:creator "De, Sarah T.; De, Marcelo R.; Gomes, Ulisses L." ; dc:title "Squalus acanthias Linnaeus 1758" ; trt:augmentsTaxonConcept ; trt:citesTaxonName , , , , , ; trt:deprecates , , , , , , , , , , , , , ; trt:publishedIn ; a trt:Treatment . bibo:endPage "89" ; bibo:issue "1" ; bibo:journal "Zootaxa" ; bibo:startPage "1" ; bibo:volume "4133" ; dc:creator "De, Sarah T.; De, Marcelo R.; Gomes, Ulisses L." ; dc:date "2016" ; dc:title "Taxonomy and morphology of species of the genus Squalus Linnaeus, 1758 from the Southwestern Atlantic Ocean (Chondrichthyes: Squaliformes: Squalidae)" ; fabio:hasPart , , , , , , , , , , , , , ; a fabio:JournalArticle . dwc:authority "Linnaeus, 1758" ; dwc:authorityName "Linnaeus" ; dwc:authorityYear "1758" ; dwc:class "Elasmobranchii" ; dwc:family "Squalidae" ; dwc:genus "Squalus" ; dwc:kingdom "Animalia" ; dwc:order "Squaliformes" ; dwc:phylum "Chordata" ; dwc:rank "species" ; dwc:scientificNameAuthorship "Linnaeus, 1758" ; dwc:species "acanthias" ; rdfs:seeAlso ; trt:hasTaxonName ; a dwcFP:TaxonConcept . dwc:authority "Molina, 1782: 188" ; dwc:authorityName "Molina" ; dwc:authorityPageNumber "188" ; dwc:authorityYear "1782" ; dwc:class "Elasmobranchii" ; dwc:family "Squalidae" ; dwc:genus "Squalus" ; dwc:kingdom "Animalia" ; dwc:order "Squaliformes" ; dwc:phylum "Chordata" ; dwc:rank "species" ; dwc:scientificNameAuthorship "Molina, 1782" ; dwc:species "fernandinus" ; rdfs:seeAlso ; trt:hasTaxonName ; a dwcFP:TaxonConcept . dwc:authority "Bigelow & Schroeder, 1948: 452" ; dwc:authorityName "Bigelow & Schroeder" ; dwc:authorityPageNumber "452" ; dwc:authorityYear "1948" ; dwc:class "Elasmobranchii" ; dwc:family "Squalidae" ; dwc:genus "Acanthorhinus" ; dwc:kingdom "Animalia" ; dwc:order "Squaliformes" ; dwc:phylum "Chordata" ; dwc:rank "species" ; dwc:scientificNameAuthorship "Bigelow & Schroeder, 1948" ; dwc:species "acanthias" ; trt:hasTaxonName ; a dwcFP:TaxonConcept . dwc:authority "Cuvier, 1817: 130" ; dwc:authorityName "Cuvier" ; dwc:authorityPageNumber "130" ; dwc:authorityYear "1817" ; dwc:class "Elasmobranchii" ; dwc:family "Squalidae" ; dwc:genus "Spinax" ; dwc:kingdom "Animalia" ; dwc:order "Squaliformes" ; dwc:phylum "Chordata" ; dwc:rank "species" ; dwc:scientificNameAuthorship "Cuvier, 1817" ; dwc:species "acanthias" ; trt:hasTaxonName ; a dwcFP:TaxonConcept . dwc:authority "Cuvier, 1863: 320" ; dwc:authorityName "Cuvier" ; dwc:authorityPageNumber "320" ; dwc:authorityYear "1863" ; dwc:class "Elasmobranchii" ; dwc:family "Squalidae" ; dwc:genus "Spinax" ; dwc:kingdom "Animalia" ; dwc:order "Squaliformes" ; dwc:phylum "Chordata" ; dwc:rank "species" ; dwc:scientificNameAuthorship "Cuvier, 1863" ; dwc:species "acantheus" ; trt:hasTaxonName ; a dwcFP:TaxonConcept . dwc:authority "Vaillant, 1888: 5" ; dwc:authorityName "Vaillant" ; dwc:authorityPageNumber "5" ; dwc:authorityYear "1888" ; dwc:class "Elasmobranchii" ; dwc:family "Squalidae" ; dwc:genus "Squalus" ; dwc:kingdom "Animalia" ; dwc:order "Squaliformes" ; dwc:phylum "Chordata" ; dwc:rank "species" ; dwc:scientificNameAuthorship "Vaillant, 1888" ; dwc:species "lebruni" ; rdfs:seeAlso ; trt:hasTaxonName ; a dwcFP:TaxonConcept . dwc:authority "Berg, 1895: 6" ; dwc:authorityName "Berg" ; dwc:authorityPageNumber "6" ; dwc:authorityYear "1895" ; dwc:class "Elasmobranchii" ; dwc:family "Squalidae" ; dwc:genus "Squalus" ; dwc:kingdom "Animalia" ; dwc:order "Squaliformes" ; dwc:phylum "Chordata" ; dwc:rank "species" ; dwc:scientificNameAuthorship "Berg, 1895" ; dwc:species "lebruni" ; rdfs:seeAlso ; trt:hasTaxonName ; a dwcFP:TaxonConcept . dwc:authority "Schreiner & Ribeiro, 1903: 79" ; dwc:authorityName "Schreiner & Ribeiro" ; dwc:authorityPageNumber "79" ; dwc:authorityYear "1903" ; dwc:class "Elasmobranchii" ; dwc:family "Squalidae" ; dwc:genus "Squalus" ; dwc:kingdom "Animalia" ; dwc:order "Squaliformes" ; dwc:phylum "Chordata" ; dwc:rank "species" ; dwc:scientificNameAuthorship "Schreiner & Ribeiro, 1903" ; dwc:species "blainvillei" ; rdfs:seeAlso ; trt:hasTaxonName ; a dwcFP:TaxonConcept . dwc:authority "Howell-Rivero, 1936: 47" ; dwc:authorityName "Howell-Rivero" ; dwc:authorityPageNumber "47" ; dwc:authorityYear "1936" ; dwc:class "Elasmobranchii" ; dwc:family "Squalidae" ; dwc:genus "Squalus" ; dwc:kingdom "Animalia" ; dwc:order "Squaliformes" ; dwc:phylum "Chordata" ; dwc:rank "species" ; dwc:scientificNameAuthorship "Howell-Rivero, 1936" ; dwc:species "barbouri" ; rdfs:seeAlso ; trt:hasTaxonName ; a dwcFP:TaxonConcept . dwc:authority "Howell-Rivero, 1936" ; dwc:authorityName "Howell-Rivero" ; dwc:authorityYear "1936" ; dwc:class "Elasmobranchii" ; dwc:family "Squalidae" ; dwc:genus "Squalus" ; dwc:kingdom "Animalia" ; dwc:order "Squaliformes" ; dwc:phylum "Chordata" ; dwc:rank "species" ; dwc:scientificNameAuthorship "Howell-Rivero, 1936" ; dwc:species "tasmaniensis" ; rdfs:seeAlso ; trt:hasTaxonName ; a dwcFP:TaxonConcept . dwc:authority "Whitley, 1940: 139" ; dwc:authorityName "Whitley" ; dwc:authorityPageNumber "139" ; dwc:authorityYear "1940" ; dwc:class "Elasmobranchii" ; dwc:family "Squalidae" ; dwc:genus "Flakeus" ; dwc:kingdom "Animalia" ; dwc:order "Squaliformes" ; dwc:phylum "Chordata" ; dwc:rank "species" ; dwc:scientificNameAuthorship "Whitley, 1940" ; dwc:species "tasmaniensis" ; trt:hasTaxonName ; a dwcFP:TaxonConcept . dwc:authority "Whitley, 1940: 139" ; dwc:authorityName "Whitley" ; dwc:authorityPageNumber "139" ; dwc:authorityYear "1940" ; dwc:class "Elasmobranchii" ; dwc:family "Squalidae" ; dwc:genus "Koinga" ; dwc:kingdom "Animalia" ; dwc:order "Squaliformes" ; dwc:phylum "Chordata" ; dwc:rank "species" ; dwc:scientificNameAuthorship "Whitley, 1940" ; dwc:species "whitleyi" ; trt:hasTaxonName ; a dwcFP:TaxonConcept . dwc:authority "Whitley, 1940: 140" ; dwc:authorityName "Whitley" ; dwc:authorityPageNumber "140" ; dwc:authorityYear "1940" ; dwc:class "Elasmobranchii" ; dwc:family "Squalidae" ; dwc:genus "Koinga" ; dwc:kingdom "Animalia" ; dwc:order "Squaliformes" ; dwc:phylum "Chordata" ; dwc:rank "species" ; dwc:scientificNameAuthorship "Whitley, 1940" ; dwc:species "kirki" ; trt:hasTaxonName ; a dwcFP:TaxonConcept . dwc:authority "Phillipps, 1931" ; dwc:authorityName "Phillipps" ; dwc:authorityYear "1931" ; dwc:class "Elasmobranchii" ; dwc:family "Squalidae" ; dwc:genus "Squalus" ; dwc:kingdom "Animalia" ; dwc:order "Squaliformes" ; dwc:phylum "Chordata" ; dwc:rank "species" ; dwc:scientificNameAuthorship "Phillipps, 1931" ; dwc:species "kirki" ; rdfs:seeAlso ; trt:hasTaxonName ; a dwcFP:TaxonConcept . dwc:authority "Girard, 1854" ; dwc:authorityName "Girard" ; dwc:authorityYear "1854" ; dwc:class "Elasmobranchii" ; dwc:family "Squalidae" ; dwc:genus "Squalus" ; dwc:kingdom "Animalia" ; dwc:order "Squaliformes" ; dwc:phylum "Chordata" ; dwc:rank "species" ; dwc:scientificNameAuthorship "Girard, 1854" ; dwc:species "suckleyi" ; rdfs:seeAlso ; trt:hasTaxonName ; a dwcFP:TaxonConcept . dwc:class "Elasmobranchii" ; dwc:family "Squalidae" ; dwc:genus "Squalus" ; dwc:kingdom "Animalia" ; dwc:order "Squaliformes" ; dwc:phylum "Chordata" ; dwc:rank "species" ; dwc:species "acanthias" ; trt:hasParentName ; a dwcFP:TaxonName . dwc:class "Elasmobranchii" ; dwc:family "Squalidae" ; dwc:genus "Squalus" ; dwc:kingdom "Animalia" ; dwc:order "Squaliformes" ; dwc:phylum "Chordata" ; dwc:rank "genus" ; trt:hasParentName ; a dwcFP:TaxonName . dwc:class "Elasmobranchii" ; dwc:family "Squalidae" ; dwc:kingdom "Animalia" ; dwc:order "Squaliformes" ; dwc:phylum "Chordata" ; dwc:rank "family" ; trt:hasParentName ; a dwcFP:TaxonName . dwc:class "Elasmobranchii" ; dwc:kingdom "Animalia" ; dwc:order "Squaliformes" ; dwc:phylum "Chordata" ; dwc:rank "order" ; trt:hasParentName ; a dwcFP:TaxonName . dwc:class "Elasmobranchii" ; dwc:kingdom "Animalia" ; dwc:phylum "Chordata" ; dwc:rank "class" ; trt:hasParentName ; a dwcFP:TaxonName . dwc:kingdom "Animalia" ; dwc:phylum "Chordata" ; dwc:rank "phylum" ; trt:hasParentName ; a dwcFP:TaxonName . dwc:kingdom "Animalia" ; dwc:rank "kingdom" ; a dwcFP:TaxonName . dwc:class "Elasmobranchii" ; dwc:family "Squalidae" ; dwc:genus "Squalus" ; dwc:kingdom "Animalia" ; dwc:order "Squaliformes" ; dwc:phylum "Chordata" ; dwc:rank "species" ; dwc:species "fernandinus" ; trt:hasParentName ; a dwcFP:TaxonName . dwc:class "Elasmobranchii" ; dwc:family "Squalidae" ; dwc:genus "Acanthorhinus" ; dwc:kingdom "Animalia" ; dwc:order "Squaliformes" ; dwc:phylum "Chordata" ; dwc:rank "species" ; dwc:species "acanthias" ; trt:hasParentName ; a dwcFP:TaxonName . dwc:class "Elasmobranchii" ; dwc:family "Squalidae" ; dwc:genus "Acanthorhinus" ; dwc:kingdom "Animalia" ; dwc:order "Squaliformes" ; dwc:phylum "Chordata" ; dwc:rank "genus" ; trt:hasParentName ; a dwcFP:TaxonName . dwc:class "Elasmobranchii" ; dwc:family "Squalidae" ; dwc:genus "Spinax" ; dwc:kingdom "Animalia" ; dwc:order "Squaliformes" ; dwc:phylum "Chordata" ; dwc:rank "species" ; dwc:species "acanthias" ; trt:hasParentName ; a dwcFP:TaxonName . dwc:class "Elasmobranchii" ; dwc:family "Squalidae" ; dwc:genus "Spinax" ; dwc:kingdom "Animalia" ; dwc:order "Squaliformes" ; dwc:phylum "Chordata" ; dwc:rank "genus" ; trt:hasParentName ; a dwcFP:TaxonName . dwc:class "Elasmobranchii" ; dwc:family "Squalidae" ; dwc:genus "Spinax" ; dwc:kingdom "Animalia" ; dwc:order "Squaliformes" ; dwc:phylum "Chordata" ; dwc:rank "species" ; dwc:species "acantheus" ; trt:hasParentName ; a dwcFP:TaxonName . dwc:class "Elasmobranchii" ; dwc:family "Squalidae" ; dwc:genus "Squalus" ; dwc:kingdom "Animalia" ; dwc:order "Squaliformes" ; dwc:phylum "Chordata" ; dwc:rank "species" ; dwc:species "lebruni" ; trt:hasParentName ; a dwcFP:TaxonName . dwc:class "Elasmobranchii" ; dwc:family "Squalidae" ; dwc:genus "Squalus" ; dwc:kingdom "Animalia" ; dwc:order "Squaliformes" ; dwc:phylum "Chordata" ; dwc:rank "species" ; dwc:species "blainvillei" ; trt:hasParentName ; a dwcFP:TaxonName . dwc:class "Elasmobranchii" ; dwc:family "Squalidae" ; dwc:genus "Squalus" ; dwc:kingdom "Animalia" ; dwc:order "Squaliformes" ; dwc:phylum "Chordata" ; dwc:rank "species" ; dwc:species "barbouri" ; trt:hasParentName ; a dwcFP:TaxonName . dwc:class "Elasmobranchii" ; dwc:family "Squalidae" ; dwc:genus "Squalus" ; dwc:kingdom "Animalia" ; dwc:order "Squaliformes" ; dwc:phylum "Chordata" ; dwc:rank "species" ; dwc:species "tasmaniensis" ; trt:hasParentName ; a dwcFP:TaxonName . dwc:class "Elasmobranchii" ; dwc:family "Squalidae" ; dwc:genus "Flakeus" ; dwc:kingdom "Animalia" ; dwc:order "Squaliformes" ; dwc:phylum "Chordata" ; dwc:rank "species" ; dwc:species "tasmaniensis" ; trt:hasParentName ; a dwcFP:TaxonName . dwc:class "Elasmobranchii" ; dwc:family "Squalidae" ; dwc:genus "Flakeus" ; dwc:kingdom "Animalia" ; dwc:order "Squaliformes" ; dwc:phylum "Chordata" ; dwc:rank "genus" ; trt:hasParentName ; a dwcFP:TaxonName . dwc:class "Elasmobranchii" ; dwc:family "Squalidae" ; dwc:genus "Koinga" ; dwc:kingdom "Animalia" ; dwc:order "Squaliformes" ; dwc:phylum "Chordata" ; dwc:rank "species" ; dwc:species "whitleyi" ; trt:hasParentName ; a dwcFP:TaxonName . dwc:class "Elasmobranchii" ; dwc:family "Squalidae" ; dwc:genus "Koinga" ; dwc:kingdom "Animalia" ; dwc:order "Squaliformes" ; dwc:phylum "Chordata" ; dwc:rank "genus" ; trt:hasParentName ; a dwcFP:TaxonName . dwc:class "Elasmobranchii" ; dwc:family "Squalidae" ; dwc:genus "Koinga" ; dwc:kingdom "Animalia" ; dwc:order "Squaliformes" ; dwc:phylum "Chordata" ; dwc:rank "species" ; dwc:species "kirki" ; trt:hasParentName ; a dwcFP:TaxonName . dwc:class "Elasmobranchii" ; dwc:family "Squalidae" ; dwc:genus "Squalus" ; dwc:kingdom "Animalia" ; dwc:order "Squaliformes" ; dwc:phylum "Chordata" ; dwc:rank "species" ; dwc:species "kirki" ; trt:hasParentName ; a dwcFP:TaxonName . dwc:class "Elasmobranchii" ; dwc:family "Squalidae" ; dwc:genus "Squalus" ; dwc:kingdom "Animalia" ; dwc:order "Squaliformes" ; dwc:phylum "Chordata" ; dwc:rank "species" ; dwc:species "suckleyi" ; trt:hasParentName ; a dwcFP:TaxonName . dc:description "FIGURE 3. Anterior margin of nostrils of Squalus acanthias. (A) HUMZ 30285, adult male, 720 mm TL; (B) HUMZ 104416, adult female, 755 mm TL; (C) BMNH 1999.5. 4.13, juvenile female, 448 mm TL." ; fabio:hasRepresentation ; a fabio:Figure . dc:description "FIGURE 4. Upper (A, C) and lower (B, D) teeth of Squalus acanthias in labial view. (A, B) ZMH 104416, adult male, 725 mm TL; (B, D) HUMZ 30178, adult male, 693 mm TL. Scale bar: 1 mm." ; fabio:hasRepresentation ; a fabio:Figure . dc:description "FIGURE 5. Left clasper of Squalus acanthias in dorsal view (ZMH 104951, adult male, 715 mm TL). Abbreviations: ap, apopyle; cg, clasper groove; hp, hypopyle; p 2, pelvic fin; rh, rhipidion; td, dorsal terminal cartilage (claw); t 3, accessory terminal cartilage (spur). Scale bar: 10 mm." ; fabio:hasRepresentation ; a fabio:Figure . dc:description "FIGURE 7. Dermal denticles of Squalus acanthias. (A, C) HUMZ 30200, adult male; (B) HUMZ 30303, juvenile female; (D) BMNH 1999.5. 4.15, adult female. Scale bars: 200 ìm (A, B); 50 ìm (C); 100 ìm (D)." ; fabio:hasRepresentation ; a fabio:Figure . dc:description "FIGURE 2. Squalus acanthias from the Southwestern Atlantic Ocean, ZMH 108038, adult male, 670 mm TL in (A) lateral and (B) ventral views (scale bar: 50 mm); (C) detail of first and (D) second dorsal fins (scale bar: 20 mm)." ; fabio:hasRepresentation ; a fabio:Figure . dc:description "FIGURE 6. Variations of dorsolateral white spots on Squalus acanthias. (A) single and isolated (HUMZ 30285, adult male); (B) fused (HUMZ 30200, adult male); (C) double series (HUMZ 104955, neonate male). Scale bar: 50 mm." ; fabio:hasRepresentation ; a fabio:Figure . dc:description "FIGURE 8. Neurocranium of Squalus acanthias (ZMH 104416, adult male). (A) dorsal view; (B) ventral view; (C) lateral view. Abbreviations: ba, basal angle; bp, basal plate; btp, basitrabecular process; cp 1, first cartilaginous process; cr, cranial roof; csa, anterior semicircular canal; csl, lateral semicircular canal; csp, posterior semicircular canal; ec, ethmoidal canal; eec, ectethmoid chamber; elf, endolymphatic foramen; ep, epiphysial pit; es, eye-stalk; fca, foramen for carotid artery; feld, endolymphatic fossa; foa, foramen for orbital artery; fopp, profundus canal; fops, series of foramina for superficial ophthalmic branch of trigeminal and facial nerves; gb, glossopharyngeal base; hmf, hyomandibular facet; hmVII, foramen for hyomandibularis facialis; lag, lateral auditory groove; lra, lateral rostral appendage; mrp, median rostral prominence; ns, nasal capsule; oc, otic capsule; occ, occipital condyle; opp, opisthotic process; otc, otic crest; pcf, precerebral fossa; pecet, ectethmoid process; plf, perilymphatic foramen; poc, preorbital canal; pop, postorbital process; potp, prootic process; pow, preorbital wall; ppe, preorbital process; psb, efferent pseudobranchial artery foramen; r, rostrum; rk, rostral keel; sec, subethmoid chamber; sep, supraethmoidal process; ser, subethmoidean ridge; snf, subnasal fenestra; soc, supraorbital crest; sphr, sphenopterotic ridge; II, optic foramen; III, oculomotor foramen; IV, trochlear foramen; V, V I I, foramen prooticum; VI, abducens foramen; IX, foramen for glossopharyngeal nerve. Scale bars: 10 mm." ; fabio:hasRepresentation ; a fabio:Figure . dc:description "FIGURE 9. Pectoral fin (A) and girdle (B) of Squalus acanthias (HUMZ 30173, adult male). Abbreviations: co, coracoid bar; dpf, m. depressor pectoralis facet; fd, diazonal foramen; ms, mesopterygium; mt, metapterygium; mtx, metapterygial axis; pr, propterygium; rl, radials; sc, scapula; *, segmented processes of coracoid bar. Scale bar: 10 mm." ; fabio:hasRepresentation ; a fabio:Figure . dc:description "FIGURE 10. Radiograph of Squalus acanthias in ventral view (ZMH 104461, adult female) showing the pectoral girdle. Abbreviations: co, coracoid bar; ms, mesopterygium; p 1, pectoral fin; rl, radials; *, segmented processes of coracoid bar." ; fabio:hasRepresentation ; a fabio:Figure . dc:description "FIGURE 11. Right pelvic clasper of Squalus acanthias (ZMH 104416) in ventral view. Abbreviations: abv, anterior pelvic basal; bpt, basipterygium; fvn, foramen for ventral fin nerves; lpp, lateral prepelvic process; pub, puboischiadic bar; p 2, pelvic fin; rl, radials. Scale bar: 10 mm." ; fabio:hasRepresentation ; a fabio:Figure . dc:description "FIGURE 12. Clasper cartilages, right side, of Squalus acanthias (ZMH 104416, adult male). (A) detail of terminal cartilages in dorsal view; (B) ventral view. Abbreviations: ax, axial cartilage; b 1, intermediate segment; rd, dorsal marginal cartilage; rv, ventral marginal cartilage; td, dorsal terminal cartilage (claw); td 2, dorsal terminal 2 cartilage; tv, ventral terminal cartilage; t 3, accessory terminal cartilage (spur). Scale bars: 10 mm." ; fabio:hasRepresentation ; a fabio:Figure . dc:description "FIGURE 13. Map of the Southwestern Atlantic Ocean, showing the distribution of Squalus acanthias based on material examined." ; fabio:hasRepresentation ; a fabio:Figure . dc:description "FIGURE 14. Teeth of holotypes of (A) Squalus tasmaniensis (MCZ 146 - S, neonate female) and (B) Squalus barbouri (MCZ 1463 - S, neonate female)." ; fabio:hasRepresentation ; a fabio:Figure . dc:description "FIGURE 15. Dermal denticles of holotypes of (A) Squalus tasmaniensis (MCZ 146 - S) and (B) Squalus barbouri (MCZ 1463 - S) in ventral view." ; fabio:hasRepresentation ; a fabio:Figure .