Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society
Diversity of late Maastrichtian Tyrannosauridae (Dinosauria: Theropoda) from western North America
Figure 2. Dorsal skull roof of LACM 28471. Left frontal (A) and right frontal (B) in dorsal view; joint surface of the parietal in caudal view (C); joint surface of the postorbital in lateral view (D) and cross section of this contact (E); left frontal in ventral (F) and lateral (G) views and cross section through the orbit (H); parietals in left lateral (I), rostral (J), right lateral (K), dorsal (L), and ventral (M) views; nuchal crest fragment in rostral (N), dorsal (O), and caudal (P) views.
Figure 3. Mandibular bones of LACM 28471. Right surangular in lateral (A), dorsal (B), and ventral (C) views; left (D) and right (E) dentaries in lateral view with diagrammatic cross sections of teeth. Cross sections are not to scale.
Figure 3. Mandibular bones of LACM 28471. Right surangular in lateral (A), dorsal (B), and ventral (C) views; left (D) and right (E)
Figure 4. Diagrammatic sketches of cross sections of the dentition of LACM 28471 in comparison with that of another juvenile Tyrannosaurus rex (CMNH 7541). Numbers indicate alveolus position from mesial to distal.
Figure 5. Comparison of the right dentary (reversed) of LACM 28471 with those of other tyrannosaurid juveniles.
Figure 5. Comparison of the right dentary (
Figure 1. Facial bones of LACM 28471. Snout in dorsal view (A); frontal process of nasals in dorsal (B) and ventral (C) views; snout in left lateral (D) and right lateral (E) views, and the nasal process of the right maxilla in lateral (F) and medial (G) views.
Figure 6. Comparison of the snouts of tyrannosaurids in left lateral view showing the contact of the antorbital fossa and nasal suture among tyrannosaurids. AMNH 5027 modified after Osborn (1912), CMN 8506 modified after Russell (1970).
Figure 7. Comparison of tyrannosaurid snouts in dorsal view, showing the appressed state of the nasal processes of the premaxilla in Tyrannosaurus rex. AMNH 5027 modified after Osborn (1912), CMN 8506 modified after Russell (1970).
Figure 8. Comparison of the dorsal skull roof of LACM 28345 with other tyrannosaurids. AMNH 5027 modified after Osborn (1912) and CMN 8506 modified after Russell (1970).
Figure 9. Nasals of LACM 23845 in right lateral (A), dorsal (B), left lateral (C), and ventral (D) views.
Figure 15. Dorsal skull roof of LACM 23845. Left frontal in lateral (A), medial (B), dorsal (C), and ventral (E) views; right frontal in dorsal (D) view; parietals in rostral (F), left lateral (G), dorsal (H), and ventral (I) views; nuchal crest in right lateral (J), left lateral (K), caudal (L), and rostrodorsal (M) views.
Figure 10. Comparison of the lacrimonasal articulation of LACM 23845 with other tyrannosaurids in left lateral view. AMNH 5027 modified after Osborn (
Figure 11. Facial bones of LACM 23845. Left maxilla in lateral view (A); right lacrimal in dorsal (B), lateral (C), and ventral (D) views; left quadratojugal in lateral (E) and medial (F) views; squamosal process of right quadratojugal in lateral (G) and medial (H) views, and the jugal
Figure 11. Facial bones of LACM 23845. Left maxilla in lateral view (A); right lacrimal in dorsal (B), lateral (C), and ventral (D) views; left quadratojugal in lateral (E) and medial (F) views; squamosal process of right quadratojugal in lateral (G) and medial (H) views, and the jugal process of the right quadratojugal in lateral (I) and medial (J) views.
Figure 12. Comparison of the quadratojugal of LACM 23845 with other tyrannosaurids in left lateral view. AMNH 5027 modified after Osborn (1912) and PIN 551–2 after Maleev (1974).
Figure 13. Comparison of the surangular of LACM 23845 with other tyrannosaurids in left lateral view. AMNH 5027 modified after Osborn (1912) and CMN 8506 after Russell (1970).
Figure 14. Pectoral girdle of LACM 23845. Left scapula in medial (A), lateral (B), and caudal (C) views; right ulna in distal (D), medial (E), and lateral (F) views.
Figure 16. Right otoccipital of LACM 23845 in
Figure 17. Mandibular bones of LACM 23845. Right surangular in lateral (A) and medial (B) views; left angular in medial (C) view; right prearticular in lateral (D), dorsal (E), medial (F), and ventral (G) views.
Figure 18. Right dentary of LACM 23845 in lateral (A) and medial (B) views.
Figure 19. Diagram of the results of a quantitative reconstruction of a growth series of five Tyrannosaurus rex specimens.