Fikáček, Martin; Minoshima, Yûsuke; Vondráček, Dominik; Gunter, Nicole; Leschen, Richard A. B.
Acta Entomologica Musei Nationalis Pragae
Morphology of adults and larvae and integrative taxonomy of southern hemisphere genera Tormus and Afrotormus (Coleoptera: Hydrophilidae)
Fig. 1. Habitus of Tormus helmsi Sharp, 1884. A – adult; B–D – larva, first (B), second (C), and third (D) instar.
Fig. 7. Morphology of Tormus helmsi Sharp, 1884.A – prothoracic leg; B – mesothoracic leg; C – metathoracic leg; D – metafurca; E– female genitalia; F – male sternite 9.
Fig. 9. Variability of the aedeagus morphology in Tormus posticalis (Broun, 1917) (A–B) and T. helmsi Sharp, 1884 (C–N). Data on the specimens: A – Westland, Jackson Bay (voucher COL1770); B – Fiordland: Milford Sound (voucher D2); C – Taranaki, Mt. Egmont NP (voucher MF500); D – Bay of Plenty, Mt. Te Aroha (voucher D5); E – Waikato, Mt. Pirongia; F – Buller, Bullock Creek; G – Nelson, Oparara Arches (voucher MF499); H – Buller, Paparoa NP (voucher MF503); I – Buller, Italians Creek; J – Westland, Three Mile Lagoon (voucher MF506); K – Westland, Pleasant Flat; L – Westland, Cross Creek (voucher MF498); M – Westland, Gillespies; N – Westland, Matheson Lake (voucher COL1802).
Fig. 8. Results of phylogenetic analyses of Tormus Sharp, 1884 and its genetic diversity. A – map of localities of the sequenced specimens. B – Bayesian analysis with posterior probabilities above/below branches (outgroup and values lower than 50 omitted).C – maximum likelihood analysis with bootstrap support values above/below branches (outgroup and values below 50 omitted) and mapped clade specific morphological character and conserved amino acid changes. D – haplotype network with grey numbers indicating the number of substitutions on each branch. Color marking indicates the clades/clusters, numbers in color circles indicate different localities.
Fig. 14. Tormus helmsi Sharp, 1884, second (F) and third (A–E, G) instar larva.A – head, dorsal view; B – detail of anterior margin of head capsule, dorsal view; C – anterior part of dorsal surface of pronotum; D – detail of seta on anterior margin of pronotum; E – prosternum, ventral view; F – meso- and metanotal sclerites, dorsal view; G – spiracular atrium, dorsal view.
Fig. 15. Head appendages of Tormus helmsi Sharp, 1884, third instar larva.A–B – antenna, dorsal (A) and ventral (B) view; C–D – mandibles, dorsal view; E–F – maxilla, dorsal (E) and ventral (F) view; G–J – labium, dorsal (G), lateral (palpus omitted) (H), ventral (I) view, and detail of anteromedian surface of prementum, anterior view (J) (palpomere 2 of right palpus missing).
Fig. 10. First instar larva of Tormus helmsi Sharp, 1884. A–B – head capsule, dorsal (A) and ventral (B) view; C – detail of anterior margin of head capsule, dorsal view.
Fig. 12. First instar larva of Tormus helmsi Sharp, 1884. A – prosternum, ventral view; B – mesothoracic leg, anterior view; C – tubercle on dorsal surface of abdomen.
Fig. 13. Head appendages of Tormus helmsi Sharp, 1884, second instar larva.A–B – antenna, dorsal (A) and ventral (B) view; C–D – mandibles, dorsal view; E–F – maxilla, dorsal (E) and ventral (F) view; G–H – labium, dorsal (G) and ventral (H) view.
Fig. 11. Head appendages of Tormus helmsi Sharp, 1884 first instar larva. A–B – antenna, dorsal (A) and ventral (B) view; C–D – mandibles, dorsal view; E–F – maxilla, dorsal (E) and ventral (F) view; G–I – labium, dorsal view (G), detail of dorsal surface of labial palpus (H) and ventral view (I).
Fig. 16. Summary of known distribution of Tormus Sharp, 1884, combining the distribution data of the museum specimens (black and grey symbols), known distribution of genetically distict clades based on sequenced specimens (color symbols: colors and locality numbers correspond to those in Fig. 8) and the position of the type localities of all five described species of Tormus and Stygnohydrus Broun, 1893.