@prefix rdf: . @prefix rdfs: . @prefix bibo: . @prefix cito: . @prefix dc: . @prefix dwc: . @prefix dwcFP: . @prefix fabio: . @prefix trt: . @prefix xlink: . cito:cites , , , , , , ; dc:creator "Greenbaum, Eli; Allen, Kaitlin E.; Vaughan, Eugene R.; Pauwels, Olivier S. G.; Wallach, Van; Kusamba, Chifundera; Muninga, Wandege M.; Aris- Tote, Mwenebatu M.; Mali, Franck M. M.; Badjedjea, Gabriel; Penner, Johannes; Rödel, Mark-Oliver; Rivera, Jacqueline; Sterkhova, Viktoria; Johnson, Grant; Tapondjou, Walter P.; Brown, Rafe M." ; dc:title "Toxicodryas blandingii" ; dwc:basisOfRecord , , , , , , , , , ; trt:augmentsTaxonConcept ; trt:citesTaxonName , ; trt:deprecates , , , , , , , , , , , ; trt:publishedIn ; a trt:Treatment . bibo:endPage "44" ; bibo:issue "1" ; bibo:journal "Zootaxa" ; bibo:pubDate "2021-04-27" ; bibo:startPage "1" ; bibo:volume "4965" ; dc:creator "Greenbaum, Eli; Allen, Kaitlin E.; Vaughan, Eugene R.; Pauwels, Olivier S. G.; Wallach, Van; Kusamba, Chifundera; Muninga, Wandege M.; Aris- Tote, Mwenebatu M.; Mali, Franck M. M.; Badjedjea, Gabriel; Penner, Johannes; Rödel, Mark-Oliver; Rivera, Jacqueline; Sterkhova, Viktoria; Johnson, Grant; Tapondjou, Walter P.; Brown, Rafe M." ; dc:date "2021" ; dc:title "Night stalkers from above: A monograph of Toxicodryas tree snakes (Squamata Colubridae) with descriptions of two new cryptic species from Central Africa" ; fabio:hasPart , , , , ; a fabio:JournalArticle . dwc:baseAuthorityName "Hallowell" ; dwc:baseAuthorityYear "1844" ; dwc:class "Reptilia" ; dwc:family "Colubridae" ; dwc:genus "Toxicodryas" ; dwc:kingdom "Animalia" ; dwc:order "Squamata" ; dwc:phylum "Chordata" ; dwc:rank "species" ; dwc:scientificNameAuthorship "(Hallowell, 1844)" ; dwc:species "blandingii" ; trt:hasTaxonName ; a dwcFP:TaxonConcept . dwc:authority ": Dumeril, Bibron & Dumeril (1854: 1101)" ; dwc:authorityName "Dumeril, Bibron & Dumeril" ; dwc:authorityPageNumber "1101" ; dwc:authorityYear "1854" ; dwc:class "Squamata" ; dwc:family "Colubridae" ; dwc:genus "Triglyphodon" ; dwc:kingdom "Animalia" ; dwc:order "Squamata" ; dwc:phylum "Chordata" ; dwc:rank "species" ; dwc:scientificNameAuthorship "Dumeril, Bibron & Dumeril, 1854" ; dwc:species "fuscum" ; rdfs:seeAlso ; trt:hasTaxonName ; a dwcFP:TaxonConcept . dwc:authority ": Fischer (1856: 84)" ; dwc:authorityName ": Fischer" ; dwc:authorityPageNumber "84" ; dwc:authorityYear "1856" ; dwc:class "Reptilia" ; dwc:family "Colubridae" ; dwc:genus "Dipsas" ; dwc:kingdom "Animalia" ; dwc:order "Squamata" ; dwc:phylum "Chordata" ; dwc:rank "species" ; dwc:scientificNameAuthorship "Fischer, 1856" ; dwc:species "fasciata" ; trt:hasTaxonName ; a dwcFP:TaxonConcept . dwc:authority ": Fischer (1856: 87)" ; dwc:authorityName ": Fischer" ; dwc:authorityPageNumber "87" ; dwc:authorityYear "1856" ; dwc:class "Reptilia" ; dwc:family "Colubridae" ; dwc:genus "Dipsas" ; dwc:kingdom "Animalia" ; dwc:order "Squamata" ; dwc:phylum "Chordata" ; dwc:rank "species" ; dwc:scientificNameAuthorship "Fischer, 1856" ; dwc:species "valida" ; trt:hasTaxonName ; a dwcFP:TaxonConcept . dwc:authority ": Fischer (1856: 89)" ; dwc:authorityName ": Fischer" ; dwc:authorityPageNumber "89" ; dwc:authorityYear "1856" ; dwc:class "Reptilia" ; dwc:family "Colubridae" ; dwc:genus "Dipsas" ; dwc:kingdom "Animalia" ; dwc:order "Squamata" ; dwc:phylum "Chordata" ; dwc:rank "species" ; dwc:scientificNameAuthorship "Fischer, 1856" ; dwc:species "globiceps" ; trt:hasTaxonName ; a dwcFP:TaxonConcept . dwc:authority "Blandingii" ; dwc:authorityName "Blandingii" ; dwc:class "Reptilia" ; dwc:family "Colubridae" ; dwc:genus "Toxicodryas" ; dwc:kingdom "Animalia" ; dwc:order "Squamata" ; dwc:phylum "Chordata" ; dwc:rank "species" ; dwc:scientificNameAuthorship "Blandingii" ; trt:hasTaxonName ; a dwcFP:TaxonConcept . dwc:authority "Fischeri" ; dwc:authorityName "Fischeri" ; dwc:class "Reptilia" ; dwc:family "Colubridae" ; dwc:genus "Dipsas" ; dwc:kingdom "Animalia" ; dwc:order "Squamata" ; dwc:phylum "Chordata" ; dwc:rank "species" ; dwc:scientificNameAuthorship "Fischeri" ; trt:hasTaxonName ; a dwcFP:TaxonConcept . dwc:authority ": Dumeril (1861: 211)" ; dwc:authorityName "Dumeril" ; dwc:authorityPageNumber "211" ; dwc:authorityYear "1861" ; dwc:class "Squamata" ; dwc:family "Colubridae" ; dwc:genus "Triglyphodon" ; dwc:kingdom "Animalia" ; dwc:order "Squamata" ; dwc:phylum "Chordata" ; dwc:rank "variety" ; dwc:scientificNameAuthorship "Dumeril, 1861" ; dwc:species "fuscum" ; dwc:variety "obscurum" ; rdfs:seeAlso ; trt:hasTaxonName ; a dwcFP:TaxonConcept . dwc:authority ": Jan" ; dwc:authorityName "Jan" ; dwc:class "Reptilia" ; dwc:family "Colubridae" ; dwc:genus "Dipsas" ; dwc:kingdom "Animalia" ; dwc:order "Squamata" ; dwc:phylum "Chordata" ; dwc:rank "species" ; dwc:scientificNameAuthorship "Jan" ; dwc:species "regalis" ; trt:hasTaxonName ; a dwcFP:TaxonConcept . dwc:authority ": Muller (1885: 688)" ; dwc:authorityName ": Muller" ; dwc:authorityPageNumber "688" ; dwc:authorityYear "1885" ; dwc:class "Reptilia" ; dwc:family "Colubridae" ; dwc:genus "Dipsas" ; dwc:kingdom "Animalia" ; dwc:order "Squamata" ; dwc:phylum "Chordata" ; dwc:rank "variety" ; dwc:scientificNameAuthorship "Muller, 1885" ; dwc:species "globiceps" ; dwc:variety "tumboensis" ; trt:hasTaxonName ; a dwcFP:TaxonConcept . dwc:authority ": Stucki-Stirn (1979: 377)" ; dwc:authorityName ": Stucki-Stirn" ; dwc:authorityPageNumber "377" ; dwc:authorityYear "1979" ; dwc:class "Reptilia" ; dwc:family "Colubridae" ; dwc:genus "Boiga" ; dwc:kingdom "Animalia" ; dwc:order "Squamata" ; dwc:phylum "Chordata" ; dwc:rank "subSpecies" ; dwc:scientificNameAuthorship "Stucki-Stirn, 1979" ; dwc:species "blandingi" ; dwc:subSpecies "occidentalis" ; trt:hasTaxonName ; a dwcFP:TaxonConcept . dwc:authority ": Stucki-Stirn (1979: 381)" ; dwc:authorityName ": Stucki-Stirn" ; dwc:authorityPageNumber "381" ; dwc:authorityYear "1979" ; dwc:class "Reptilia" ; dwc:family "Colubridae" ; dwc:genus "Boiga" ; dwc:kingdom "Animalia" ; dwc:order "Squamata" ; dwc:phylum "Chordata" ; dwc:rank "subSpecies" ; dwc:scientificNameAuthorship "Stucki-Stirn, 1979" ; dwc:species "blandingi" ; dwc:subSpecies "subfulva" ; trt:hasTaxonName ; a dwcFP:TaxonConcept . dwc:authority "(Pel 1852)" ; dwc:class "Reptilia" ; dwc:family "Colubridae" ; dwc:genus "Dipsas" ; dwc:kingdom "Animalia" ; dwc:order "Squamata" ; dwc:phylum "Chordata" ; dwc:rank "species" ; dwc:scientificNameAuthorship "(Pel, 1852)" ; dwc:species "regalis" ; trt:hasTaxonName ; a dwcFP:TaxonConcept . dwc:authority "Cuv." ; dwc:authorityName "Cuv." ; dwc:class "Reptilia" ; dwc:family "Colubridae" ; dwc:genus "Dipsas" ; dwc:kingdom "Animalia" ; dwc:order "Squamata" ; dwc:phylum "Chordata" ; dwc:rank "species" ; dwc:scientificNameAuthorship "Cuv." ; dwc:species "cynodon" ; trt:hasTaxonName ; a dwcFP:TaxonConcept . dwc:authority "Schlegel" ; dwc:authorityName "Schlegel" ; dwc:class "Reptilia" ; dwc:family "Colubridae" ; dwc:genus "Dipsas" ; dwc:kingdom "Animalia" ; dwc:order "Squamata" ; dwc:phylum "Chordata" ; dwc:rank "species" ; dwc:scientificNameAuthorship "Schlegel" ; dwc:species "regalis" ; trt:hasTaxonName ; a dwcFP:TaxonConcept . dwc:class "Reptilia" ; dwc:family "Colubridae" ; dwc:genus "Toxicodryas" ; dwc:kingdom "Animalia" ; dwc:order "Squamata" ; dwc:phylum "Chordata" ; dwc:rank "species" ; dwc:species "blandingii" ; trt:hasParentName ; a dwcFP:TaxonName . dwc:class "Reptilia" ; dwc:family "Colubridae" ; dwc:genus "Toxicodryas" ; dwc:kingdom "Animalia" ; dwc:order "Squamata" ; dwc:phylum "Chordata" ; dwc:rank "genus" ; trt:hasParentName ; a dwcFP:TaxonName . dwc:class "Reptilia", "Squamata" ; dwc:family "Colubridae" ; dwc:kingdom "Animalia" ; dwc:order "Squamata" ; dwc:phylum "Chordata" ; dwc:rank "family" ; trt:hasParentName ; a dwcFP:TaxonName . dwc:class "Reptilia", "Squamata" ; dwc:kingdom "Animalia" ; dwc:order "Squamata" ; dwc:phylum "Chordata" ; dwc:rank "order", "class" ; trt:hasParentName , ; a dwcFP:TaxonName . dwc:class "Reptilia" ; dwc:kingdom "Animalia" ; dwc:phylum "Chordata" ; dwc:rank "class" ; trt:hasParentName ; a dwcFP:TaxonName . dwc:kingdom "Animalia" ; dwc:phylum "Chordata" ; dwc:rank "phylum" ; trt:hasParentName ; a dwcFP:TaxonName . dwc:kingdom "Animalia" ; dwc:rank "kingdom" ; a dwcFP:TaxonName . dwc:class "Squamata" ; dwc:family "Colubridae" ; dwc:genus "Triglyphodon" ; dwc:kingdom "Animalia" ; dwc:order "Squamata" ; dwc:phylum "Chordata" ; dwc:rank "species" ; dwc:species "fuscum" ; trt:hasParentName ; a dwcFP:TaxonName . dwc:class "Squamata" ; dwc:family "Colubridae" ; dwc:genus "Triglyphodon" ; dwc:kingdom "Animalia" ; dwc:order "Squamata" ; dwc:phylum "Chordata" ; dwc:rank "genus" ; trt:hasParentName ; a dwcFP:TaxonName . dwc:class "Reptilia" ; dwc:family "Colubridae" ; dwc:genus "Dipsas" ; dwc:kingdom "Animalia" ; dwc:order "Squamata" ; dwc:phylum "Chordata" ; dwc:rank "species" ; dwc:species "fasciata" ; trt:hasParentName ; a dwcFP:TaxonName . dwc:class "Reptilia" ; dwc:family "Colubridae" ; dwc:genus "Dipsas" ; dwc:kingdom "Animalia" ; dwc:order "Squamata" ; dwc:phylum "Chordata" ; dwc:rank "genus" ; trt:hasParentName ; a dwcFP:TaxonName . dwc:class "Reptilia" ; dwc:family "Colubridae" ; dwc:genus "Dipsas" ; dwc:kingdom "Animalia" ; dwc:order "Squamata" ; dwc:phylum "Chordata" ; dwc:rank "species" ; dwc:species "valida" ; trt:hasParentName ; a dwcFP:TaxonName . dwc:class "Reptilia" ; dwc:family "Colubridae" ; dwc:genus "Dipsas" ; dwc:kingdom "Animalia" ; dwc:order "Squamata" ; dwc:phylum "Chordata" ; dwc:rank "species" ; dwc:species "globiceps" ; trt:hasParentName ; a dwcFP:TaxonName . dwc:class "Squamata" ; dwc:family "Colubridae" ; dwc:genus "Triglyphodon" ; dwc:kingdom "Animalia" ; dwc:order "Squamata" ; dwc:phylum "Chordata" ; dwc:rank "variety" ; dwc:species "fuscum" ; dwc:variety "obscurum" ; trt:hasParentName ; a dwcFP:TaxonName . dwc:class "Reptilia" ; dwc:family "Colubridae" ; dwc:genus "Dipsas" ; dwc:kingdom "Animalia" ; dwc:order "Squamata" ; dwc:phylum "Chordata" ; dwc:rank "species" ; dwc:species "regalis" ; trt:hasParentName ; a dwcFP:TaxonName . dwc:class "Reptilia" ; dwc:family "Colubridae" ; dwc:genus "Dipsas" ; dwc:kingdom "Animalia" ; dwc:order "Squamata" ; dwc:phylum "Chordata" ; dwc:rank "variety" ; dwc:species "globiceps" ; dwc:variety "tumboensis" ; trt:hasParentName ; a dwcFP:TaxonName . dwc:class "Reptilia" ; dwc:family "Colubridae" ; dwc:genus "Boiga" ; dwc:kingdom "Animalia" ; dwc:order "Squamata" ; dwc:phylum "Chordata" ; dwc:rank "subSpecies" ; dwc:species "blandingi" ; dwc:subSpecies "occidentalis" ; trt:hasParentName ; a dwcFP:TaxonName . dwc:class "Reptilia" ; dwc:family "Colubridae" ; dwc:genus "Boiga" ; dwc:kingdom "Animalia" ; dwc:order "Squamata" ; dwc:phylum "Chordata" ; dwc:rank "species" ; dwc:species "blandingi" ; trt:hasParentName ; a dwcFP:TaxonName . dwc:class "Reptilia" ; dwc:family "Colubridae" ; dwc:genus "Boiga" ; dwc:kingdom "Animalia" ; dwc:order "Squamata" ; dwc:phylum "Chordata" ; dwc:rank "genus" ; trt:hasParentName ; a dwcFP:TaxonName . dwc:class "Reptilia" ; dwc:family "Colubridae" ; dwc:genus "Boiga" ; dwc:kingdom "Animalia" ; dwc:order "Squamata" ; dwc:phylum "Chordata" ; dwc:rank "subSpecies" ; dwc:species "blandingi" ; dwc:subSpecies "subfulva" ; trt:hasParentName ; a dwcFP:TaxonName . dwc:class "Reptilia" ; dwc:family "Elapidae" ; dwc:genus "Naja" ; dwc:kingdom "Animalia" ; dwc:order "Squamata" ; dwc:phylum "Chordata" ; dwc:rank "species" ; dwc:species "atropos" ; trt:hasParentName ; a dwcFP:TaxonName . dwc:class "Reptilia" ; dwc:family "Elapidae" ; dwc:genus "Naja" ; dwc:kingdom "Animalia" ; dwc:order "Squamata" ; dwc:phylum "Chordata" ; dwc:rank "genus" ; trt:hasParentName ; a dwcFP:TaxonName . dwc:class "Reptilia" ; dwc:family "Elapidae" ; dwc:kingdom "Animalia" ; dwc:order "Squamata" ; dwc:phylum "Chordata" ; dwc:rank "family" ; trt:hasParentName ; a dwcFP:TaxonName . dwc:class "Reptilia" ; dwc:family "Colubridae" ; dwc:genus "Dipsas" ; dwc:kingdom "Animalia" ; dwc:order "Squamata" ; dwc:phylum "Chordata" ; dwc:rank "species" ; dwc:species "cynodon" ; trt:hasParentName ; a dwcFP:TaxonName . dc:description "FIGURE 6. Photos of the preserved holotype of Toxicodryas blandingii (ANSP 10083) from Liberia, West Africa, with metric rulers for scale (SVL = 1330 mm). (A) Entire body in dorsal view, (B) entire body in ventral view, (C) head in dorsal view, (D) head in ventral view, (E) head in left lateral view, (F) head in right lateral view. Photos: N. Gilmore." ; fabio:hasRepresentation ; a fabio:Figure . dc:description "FIGURE 2. A time-calibrated Bayesian phylogeny of Toxicodryas, based on the cyt b and c-mos genes, modified from Allen et al. (in press). Highly supported nodes (posterior probability ≥ 0.9) are denoted with a black circle. Node bars represent 95% confidence intervals. RADseq (2848 loci) phylogenies showed identical topologies. The five clades supported as distinct species by all species-delimitation analyses of Allen et al. (in press) are shown as black, white, and gray rectangles. Toxicodryas adamanteus sp. nov. includes all populations in Central Africa, including Cameroon, Gabon, and Democratic Republic of the Congo. Outgroups not shown." ; fabio:hasRepresentation ; a fabio:Figure . dc:description "FIGURE 7. Photos of the preserved holotype of Dipsas globiceps var. tumboensis (NMBA-REPT 01825), from Tumbo Insel (= Tumbo Island, Guinea), with metric rulers for scale (SVL = 280 mm). (A) Entire body in dorsal view, (B) entire body in ventral view, (C) head in dorsal view, (D) head in ventral view, (E) head in left lateral view, (F) head in right lateral view. Photos: E. Stöckli." ; fabio:hasRepresentation ; a fabio:Figure . dc:description "FIGURE 5. Photos of Toxicodryas blandingii in life. (A) and (B) adult male (ZMB 86408) from south of Kérouané, Guinea. Photo: J. Penner, (C) and (D) adult female (specimen not collected; tissue sample LI10_102) from the vicinity of Gbarpa, Liberia. Photo: J. Penner, (E) adult male from Kissidougou, Guinea. Photo: J.–F. Trape, (F) adult female in threat display from Ankasa Conservation Area, Ghana. Photo: Y. Francioli, (G) subadult from Mbikiliki, Cameroon. Photo: L. Chirio, (H) juvenile from Gamba, Gabon. Photo: O.S.G. Pauwels." ; fabio:hasRepresentation ; a fabio:Figure . dc:description "FIGURE 8. Diversity of Toxicodryas hemipenes. (A) Toxicodryas blandingii from Ivory Coast, in lateral and “front” views, redrawn from figure 29 of Doucet (1963); scale bar = 1 cm, (B) T. pulverulenta from Ivory Coast, redrawn from photograph of Plate IX, photo K of Doucet (1963), who listed the hemipenis length as 16 mm. Drawings by J. Rivera, (C) Photograph in life of male T. vexator sp. nov. (field no. CRT 3890) from Kona, Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC), showing everted hemipenis in ventrolateral view. Photo: Z. Nagy, (D) Photograph of preserved male T. adamanteus sp. nov. holotype (UTEP 22204) from DRC, showing everted hemipenis in ventrolateral view. Photo: E. Vaughan." ; fabio:hasRepresentation ; a fabio:Figure . dwc:locality "West Africa." ; trt:gbifOccurrenceId "3107378303" ; trt:httpUri ; a dwc:MaterialCitation . dwc:locality "Grand-Bassam" ; trt:gbifOccurrenceId "3107378307" ; trt:httpUri ; a dwc:MaterialCitation . dwc:locality "Peki" ; trt:gbifOccurrenceId "3107378310" ; trt:httpUri ; a dwc:MaterialCitation . dwc:locality "Edina" ; trt:gbifOccurrenceId "3107378308" ; trt:httpUri ; a dwc:MaterialCitation . dwc:locality "Edina" ; trt:gbifOccurrenceId "3107378316" ; trt:httpUri ; a dwc:MaterialCitation . dwc:locality "Cote d'Or" ; trt:gbifOccurrenceId "3107378311" ; trt:httpUri ; a dwc:MaterialCitation . dwc:locality "Cote d'Or" ; trt:gbifOccurrenceId "3107378306" ; trt:httpUri ; a dwc:MaterialCitation . dwc:locality "Tumbo-Insel" ; trt:gbifOccurrenceId "3107378312" ; trt:httpUri ; a dwc:MaterialCitation . dwc:locality "Cameroon" ; trt:gbifOccurrenceId "3107378314" ; trt:httpUri ; a dwc:MaterialCitation . dwc:locality "Nigeria" ; trt:gbifOccurrenceId "3107378304" ; trt:httpUri ; a dwc:MaterialCitation .