@prefix rdf: . @prefix rdfs: . @prefix bibo: . @prefix cito: . @prefix dc: . @prefix dwc: . @prefix dwcFP: . @prefix fabio: . @prefix trt: . cito:cites , , , , ; dc:creator "Montesanto, Federica; Chimienti, Giovanni; Gissi, Carmela; Mastrototaro, Francesco" ; dc:title "Polyclinum constellatum Savigny 1816" ; dwc:basisOfRecord , , ; trt:augmentsTaxonConcept ; trt:publishedIn ; a trt:Treatment . bibo:endPage "83" ; bibo:issue "1" ; bibo:journal "Mediterranean Marine Science" ; bibo:pubDate "2022-02-07" ; bibo:startPage "69" ; bibo:volume "23" ; dc:creator "Montesanto, Federica; Chimienti, Giovanni; Gissi, Carmela; Mastrototaro, Francesco" ; dc:date "2021" ; dc:title "Polyclinum constellatum (Tunicata, Ascidiacea), an emerging non-indigenous species of the Mediterranean Sea: integrated taxonomy and the importance of reliable DNA barcode data Abstract" ; fabio:hasPart , , , , ; a fabio:JournalArticle . dwc:authority "Savigny, 1816" ; dwc:authorityName "Savigny" ; dwc:authorityYear "1816" ; dwc:class "Ascidiacea" ; dwc:family "Polyclinidae" ; dwc:genus "Polyclinum" ; dwc:kingdom "Animalia" ; dwc:order "Aplousobranchia" ; dwc:phylum "Chordata" ; dwc:rank "species" ; dwc:scientificNameAuthorship "Savigny, 1816" ; dwc:species "constellatum" ; rdfs:seeAlso ; trt:hasTaxonName ; a dwcFP:TaxonConcept . dwc:class "Ascidiacea" ; dwc:family "Polyclinidae" ; dwc:genus "Polyclinum" ; dwc:kingdom "Animalia" ; dwc:order "Aplousobranchia" ; dwc:phylum "Chordata" ; dwc:rank "species" ; dwc:species "constellatum" ; trt:hasParentName ; a dwcFP:TaxonName . dwc:genus "Polyclinum" ; dwc:rank "genus" ; trt:hasParentName ; a dwcFP:TaxonName . dwc:family "Polyclinidae" ; dwc:rank "family" ; trt:hasParentName ; a dwcFP:TaxonName . dwc:order "Aplousobranchia" ; dwc:rank "order" ; trt:hasParentName ; a dwcFP:TaxonName . dwc:class "Ascidiacea" ; dwc:rank "class" ; trt:hasParentName ; a dwcFP:TaxonName . dwc:phylum "Chordata" ; dwc:rank "phylum" ; trt:hasParentName ; a dwcFP:TaxonName . dwc:kingdom "Animalia" ; dwc:rank "kingdom" ; a dwcFP:TaxonName . dc:description "Fig. 2: A) Orange colony of Polyclinum constellatum from Taranto harbour (colony P1); B) Magnification of the oral (arrow pointing put the oral tentacles of different size) and cloacal aperture (asterisk); C) P. constellatum collected in Heraklion (colony K19) with zooids arranged in systems around the cloacal apertures; D) Section of the colony showing the zooids located only around the outer edge (arrow)." ; fabio:hasRepresentation ; a fabio:Figure . dc:description "Fig. 4: A, C) Colonies of Polyclinum constellatum with different colours photographed and collected in the Heraklion marina (Crete) (A: colony K11 and C: colony K12); B) Transversal section of the colonies, joined only at the surface layer (upper white arrow); D) Zooid extracted from the red-orange colony (K11), with magnification of the 6-lobed anus; E) Zooid extracted from the dark blue colony (K12) with magnification of the 6-lobed anus. Both K11 and K12 have the same COI haplotype (sequence AC number: MT873559)." ; fabio:hasRepresentation ; a fabio:Figure . dc:description "Fig. 3: A) Whole zooid of Polyclinum constellatum, showing a clear division into thorax, abdomen and post-abdomen with a long vascular stolon. ab, abdomen; pa, post-abdomen; th, thorax; vs, vascular stolon; B) Zooid with evident pharynx, rectum, anus and four embryos incubated in the atrial cavity. The funnel-shaped oesophagus, the smooth stomach and the twisted gut loop are visible in the abdomen. The post-abdomen shows the heart at its terminal end, as well as several rounded testicular follicles and the ovary, with the gonoducts running parallel to the rectum. an, anus; e, embryos; gd, gonoducts; gl, gut loop; oe, oesophagus; ov, ovary; h, heart; r, rectum; st, stomach; tf, testicular follicles; C) Magnification of the oral siphon with six pointed lobes (arrows) and six longitudinal muscle bands (indicated with numbers 1-6); D) Branchial sac with 18 rows of stigmata and narrow languets of the dorsal lamina (arrows); E) Magnification of the pharynx, with minute papillae (arrows) at the level of the transverse vessels; F) Magnification of the six-lobed anus (lobes indicated with numbers 1-6)." ; fabio:hasRepresentation ; a fabio:Figure . dc:description "Fig. 5: A) Larva of P. constellatum, showing the ocellus, four long narrow ampullae, three adhesive papillae and a group of a few small ventral vesicles (red arrow). am, ampullae; ap, adhesive papillae; oc, ocellus; B) Larva of P. constellatum, red arrow pointing out the calcite crystal in the middle of the body." ; fabio:hasRepresentation ; a fabio:Figure . dc:description "Fig. 6: ML phylogenetic tree of the genus Polyclinum (sequences abbreviation: Pln) based on COI nucleotide sequences (1560 aligned nucleotide sites; best-fit substitution model GTR+I+G; bootstrap on 100 replicates). Eudistoma and Pseudodistoma species were used as outgroups. The sequence list and species abbreviations are reported in Supplementary table S1. Black dots: bootstrap values ≥ 70 %; red: P. constellatum sequences; blue: P. indicum sequences; yellow background: our sequences." ; fabio:hasRepresentation ; a fabio:Figure . dwc:verbatimLatitude "40.478966" ; dwc:verbatimLongitude "17.225649" ; trt:gbifOccurrenceId "4899927302" ; trt:httpUri ; a dwc:MaterialCitation . dwc:verbatimLatitude "35.3433" ; dwc:verbatimLongitude "25.136614" ; trt:gbifOccurrenceId "4899927301" ; trt:httpUri ; a dwc:MaterialCitation . trt:gbifOccurrenceId "4899927303" ; trt:httpUri ; a dwc:MaterialCitation .