Archibald, Bruce; Cannings, Robert A.; Erickson, Robert J.; Bybee, Seth M.; Mathewes, Rolf W.
The Cephalozygoptera, a new, extinct suborder of Odonata with new taxa from the early Eocene Okanagan Highlands, western North America
Archibald & Cannings & Erickson & Bybee & Mathewes, 2021
Archibald & Cannings & Erickson & Bybee & Mathewes
Archibald, Cannings, Erickson, Bybee & Mathewes, 2021
Petrulevicius et al. (Petrulevicius et al. 2007)
Petrulevicius et al. (Petrulevicius et al., 2007)
FIGURE 2. Drawings of wings of Phenacolestes. Top wing, P. mirandus, likely a hind wing, drawn from a photograph on the Florissant National Monument website (US National Parks Service website). Bottom four wings, P. parallelus: UCM-4545 drawn from photograph supplied by the University of Colorado (Boulder) (Paleontology, Colorado Museum of Natural History), see Fig. 3E. All to scale, 5 mm. FW, forewing; HW, hind wing.
FIGURE 3. Phenacolestes parallelus. A, specimen YPMIP-220974 of the Yale Peabody Museum; B, drawing from A, photograph provided by Peabody Museum personnel; C, holotype, UCM-4503 of the University of Colorado (Boulder) paleontology collections; D, drawing of C, photograph provided by University of Colorado personnel; E, UCM-4545, University of Colorado (Boulder). A–D to scale, E to scale, both scale bars 5 mm.
FIGURE 4. Dysagrion packardii cotype MCZ 4656 (Packard number 252): A, drawing; B, photograph; C, holotype (Packard number 146) redrawn from Zittel (1885: his Fig. 979), also redrawn by Scudder (1890: his plate 6, Fig. 3). A, B drawn from a photograph supplied by MCZ personnel. All to scale, 5 mm.
FIGURE 9. Wing drawings of: Valerea multicellulata redrawn from Fig. 1 of Garrouste et al. (2017); Chickaloon Formation (Alaska) specimen redrawn from Fig. 3 of Garrouste & Nel (2017); cf. Dysagrionidae gen. et. sp. A redrawn from Fig. 4 of Petrulevičius et al. (2008) (there as “Megapodagrionidae gen. et. sp. A”); Thanetophilosina menatensis redrawn from Fig. 21 of Nel et al. (1997); NHMUK I.9866 (Isle of Wight) redrawn from Fig. 28 of Nel & Fleck (2014); Palaeodysagrion youlini redrawn from Fig. 2 of Zheng et al. (2018); Electrodysagrion neli redrawn from Fig. 2 of Zheng et al. (2019); Burmadysagrion zhangi redrawn from Fig. 3 of Zheng et al. (2016a). To associated scales, all 5 mm. Asterisks indicate quadrangles.
FIGURE 34. Okanagrion hobani. SRUI 99-71-07: A, photograph; B, drawing. RBCM P1549: C, photograph; D, drawing. All to scale, 5 mm.
FIGURE 52. Okanopteryx fraseri paratype 5, RBCM P1552. A, photograph; B, drawing; paratype 4, F-1045: C, photograph; D, drawing. All to scale, 5 mm.
FIGURE 5. Dysagrion lakesii Scudder type specimen MCZ 4101 (Packard number 259, not previously illustrated): A, photograph; B, drawing from a photograph supplied by MCZ personnel. Both to scale, 5 mm.
FIGURE 6. Dysagrion fredericii Scudder’s number 4167/4168 (now MCZ numbers 381A, B “type”): A, photograph; B, drawing from a photograph supplied by MCZ personnel. Both to scale, 5 mm.
FIGURE 8. Drawings of wings of Dysagrionidae, Petrolestinae. Petrolestes hendersoni, redrawn from Fig. 2 of Garrouste & Nel (2015) the most complete specimen, see their Fig. 3 for Cockerell’s less complete holotype; P. messelensis from Fig. 7 of Garrouste & Nel (2015); Congqingia rhora wings redrawn from Fig. 4 of Zhang (1992). To various scales, all 5 mm.
FIGURE 7. Drawings of the wings of Dysagrionidae, Dysagrioninae (in part). Furagrion jutlandicus, new drawing from new, large file photographs of the part and counterpart, FUM-N-11289 and FUM-N-13856 of the Fur Museum, Museum Salling, Denmark. This is the fossil previously numbered ERK KL T1 (Geological Museum, Copenhagen) and illustrated by Petrulevičius et al. (2008) as their figure 3, which includes a photograph of this specimen. We find the crossvein shown in their drawing between CuP+AA’ and AA’’+AP proximal to AA2 (i.e., crossing the cell posterior to the quadrangle that borders the wing margin, directly posterior to the arculus) to be imperfections in the rock. We further examined photographs of specimens were this region is well-preserved (FUM-N-14704, FUM-N-11616, FUM-N-11574, FUM-N-10781) and saw no crossvein in this position. Primorilestes madseni is redrawn from Rust et al. (2008, their Fig. 2), Primorilestes violetae from Nel et al. (2005b, their Fig. 1), Primorilestes magnificus was drawn from Nel et al. (2016) Fig. 4, and Electrophenacolestes serafini from (Nel & Arillo 2006, their Fig. 2). All scale bars 5 mm.
FIGURE 10. Heads of Zygoptera (A, B) and comparative Anisoptera, Anisozygoptera, Tarsophlebiidae, Stenophlebiidae (C– H); and Cephalozygoptera (I–Q).A, Zygoptera, Heteropodagrion superbum Ris redrawn from Fig. 318 of Garrison et al. (2010); B, Zygoptera, Minagrion ribeiroi (Santos) redrawn from Fig. 1842 of Garrison et al. (2010); C, Anisoptera, Gomphidae, Cyanogomphus waltheri Selys redrawn from Fig. 383 of Garrison et al. (2006); D, Anisozygoptera, Epiophlebia laidlawi Tillyard redrawn from Fig. 2 of Büsse (2016); E, Anisoptera, Aeshnidae, Limnetron antarcticum Förster redrawn from Fig. 16 of Garrison et al. (2006); F, Stenophlebia sp. redrawn from Tillyard & Fraser 1940, Fig, 4C; G, Tarsophlebiidae, Tarsophlebia eximia Hagen redrawn from Fleck et al. (2004) Fig. 1C; H, photograph of Tarsophlebia eximia in MCZ collections; I, Sieblosia jucunda redrawn from Hagen (1858, Plate 24, Fig. 1); J, Cephalozygoptera incertae sedis SR 14-003-004; K, Phenacolestes parallelus UCM-4545; L, Okanopteryx macabeensis, GSC 141101; M, Okanagrion beardi paratype 1, RBCM P1546; N, Okanopteryx fraseri GSC 141104; O, Okanopteryx macabeensis F-790; P, Dysagrion fredericii redrawn from Scudder 1890, plate 6, Fig. 10; Q, Dysagrion fredericii redrawn from Scudder 1890, plate 6, Fig. 2. G and H, I, J to O to scales, all 5 mm; others, originals without scales.
FIGURE 59. Okanopteryx incertae sedis, A–D, and Cephalozygoptera incertae sedis, E. GSC 141103:A, photograph; B, drawing; SR 13-005-015: C, photograph; D, drawing; E, photograph SR 14-003-004. A–D to scale, E to scale, scale bars are 5 mm.
FIGURE 1. Map of Okanagan Highlands localities with Cephalozygoptera fossils: Driftwood Canyon Provincial Park, McAbee, and Republic.
FIGURE 11. Crossvein Ax0 indicated by arrows in: A, Okanagrion beardi holotype, F-791; B, Dysagrion pruettae holotype, SR 13-005-012: C, Okanopteryx jeppesenorum paratype 3, SR 15-003-001. Scale bar is 1 mm.
FIGURE 54. Okanopteryx macabeensis paratype 1, GSC 141101. A, photograph of specimen; B close-up photograph of male anal appendages; C, drawing of male anal appendages labelling abdominal segments 8–10 and indicating paraprocts (red) and cerci (green). A, to 5mm scale, B, C, to 3 mm scale.
FIGURE 31. Okanagrion hobani paratype 7, F-1044. A, photograph of complete specimen; B, close-up of anal appendages; C, drawing of abdominal showing segments 8 to 10 (10 apparently displaced and rotated somewhat clockwise in the view), paraprocts and one cercus; D, close-up showing proximal portions of wings; E, colour-coded wings referring to 22F through H; F, G, H: drawings of wings indicated in 22E: F, green wing, G, red wing; H, blue wing (purple wing very damaged, not informative). A to scale, B–H to scale; scale bars are 5 mm