Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences
Avicennia (Acanthaceae: Avicennioideae) in North America and Mesoamerica
FIGURE 1 (left). Pollen of Avicennia spp. A–C. Avicennia bicolor (Sediles 461). A. Interapertural view. B. Apertural view. C. Polar view. D–G. Avicennia germinans (D, Palmer 484; E–G, Salywon 1188). D. Interapertural view. E. Apertural view. F. Polar view. G. Interapertural view. H–K. Avicennia marina subsp. australasica (Moran 28024). H. Interapertural view. I. Apertural view. J. Polar view. K. Apertural view. Scales = 5 µm. Pollen measurements (n = number of grains measured, P = polar diameter, and E = equatorial diameter). Many additional grains from each specimen were examined, but data summarized below were made on a subset of those oriented to permit accurate measurements and photographic documentation.
FIGURE 2. Map showing distribution of Avicennia spp. in North America and Mesoamerica. The generalized distribution of A. germinans is shown. The distribution of A. germinans in Cuba and other West Indian islands is not shown.
FIGURE 3. Avicennia spp. A. Flower of A. germinans in Florida (photo by Bob Peterson, cropped, creative commons license, <https://www.flickr.com/photos/pondapple/7270558948/in/photostream>). B Flower of A. marina subsp. australasica in Australia (photo by M. Fagg, cropped, source: Australian National Botanic Gardens at <http://www.anbg. gov.au/photo>). C. Inflorescence of A. biflora (Sediles 461, CAS). D. Fruits of A. bicolor (top; Barrera 8, CAS), A. germinans showing dehiscence (middle; Ferris 5396, DS), and A. marina subsp. australasica (bottom; Nickerson 6445a from New Zealand, CAS).
FIGURE 4. Avicennia germinans. A. Habit (composite from photos of living plants). B. Pneumatophore (Schwartz & Nickerson 9119). C. Fertile shoot (Calzada 434, Pipoly 9034, Sousa 3112). D. Inflorescence with flower in profile (Lakela 29824, Sousa 3112). E. Flower, front-view (Lakela 29824, Sousa 3112). F. Stamen (Sousa 3112). G. Gynoecium (Lakela 29824). H. Fruit with detail of surface (Lundell 7009). Drawn by Tom Davis from specimens at CAS.
Estacion Biologica El Morro de la Mancha
trail from Cangandi to dock by Mandinga airport