Systematic position of Thraulodes Ulmer 1920 (Ephemeroptera: Leptophlebiidae) and descriptions of new and little-known species
McCafferty, Baumbgardner & Guenter, 2004
Mariano & Froehlich (in Mariano, Flowers & Froehlich)
Dominguez, Molineri & Zuniga (in Zuniga, Molineri, Dominguez & Cardona)
Mariano & Flowers (in Mariano, Flowers & Froehlich 2011)
Mariano & Flowers (in Mariano, Flowers & Froehlich
FIGURES 35–41. Thraulodes ludmilae sp. n.: 35, genitalia of male imago in ventral view; 36, subimaginal exuviae of styliger and gonostyli at the same magnification; 37, larval exuviae of protogonostyli and protopenis at the same magnification; 38, imaginal styliger and penis enlarged; 39, subimaginal exuviae of penis at the same magnification; 40, genitalia of male imago in lateral view; 41, hind wing (35–39, 41, holotype). Abbreviations: bl, basal lobe; gr, groove of telopenis; dp, dorsal projection of styliger; m-v.r, medio-ventral ridge (recurved flap); tp, telopenis.
FIGURES 464–473. Thraulodes nigrabdominalis sp. n. (holotype). 464, left half of subimaginal exuviae of mesonotum; 465, 466, male imago; 467–469, fore, middle and hind legs of male imago; 470, subimaginal exuviae of fore leg; 471, genitalia of male imago; 472, apex of penis; 473, subimaginal exuviae of tarsus.
FIGURES 491–497. Thraulodes nigripes sp. n. 491–492, fore and middle legs of female imago; 493–494, female imago in dorsal and lateral view; 495, abdominal terga and sterna of male subimago extracted from larva; 496, genitalia of male subimago extracted from larva; 497, right half of subimaginal exuviae of mesonotum (495–496, holotype).
FIGURES 522–531. Thraulodes nigrotibialis sp. n. 522, right half of subimaginal exuviae of mesonotum; 523, head and thorax of male imago in lateral view; 524–525, female imago in dorsal and lateral view; 526–527, fore and middle leg of male imago; 528, abdominal terga and sterna of male imago; 529–530, genitalia of male imago with focus on styliger and on penis; 531, genitalia of male subimago extracted from larva (522–523, 526–530, holotype).
FIGURES 427–438. Thraulodes niger sp. n. 427–428, head and thorax of male imago in lateral and dorsal view; 429, abdominal terga and sterna of male imago; 430, the same of male subimago; 431, subimaginal mesonotum; 432–433, genitalia of male imago with focus on styliger and on penis; 434, female imago; 435, its left fore wing; 436–437, its fore and middle legs; 438, subimaginal exuviae of fore wing (427–429, 432–433, 438, holotype).
FIGURES 25–34. Thraulodes ludmilae sp. n.: 25, 27, male imago; 26, apex of fore wing; 28–30, fore, middle and hind legs of male imago; 31, subimaginal exuviae of hind leg; 32, costal margin of fore wing (arrows show proximal costal cross veins); 33, genitalia of male imago; 34, left half of subimaginal exuviae of mesonotum (25–26, 28–34, holotype).
FIGURES 297–308. Thraulodes fascipennis sp. n. 297, left half of subimaginal exuviae of mesonotum; 298–300, male imago in dorsal, ventral and lateral view; 301, abdominal terga and sterna of male imago; 302–303, male imaginal genitalia in ventral and lateral view; 304, male imaginal penis; 305–307, fore, middle and hind legs of male imago; 308, subimaginal exuviae of fore leg (301, holotype).
FIGURES 654–665. Thraulodes? consortis. 654, larval protogonostyli and protopenis; 655, fore protopteron; 656, hind protopteron; 657, larva with ocher cuticular coloration and blackish hypodermal markings on head and abdomen; 658–660, fore, middle and hind legs of male subimago; 661, abdominal terga and sterna of male subimago; 662, anterior side of hind femur; 663, anterior side of fore tibia; 664, hind tibia with focus on outer-posterior row of stout setae; 665, the same with focus on outer-anterior and inner-anterior rows of stout setae.
FIGURES 591–602. Thraulodes lepidus. 591, larva in dorso-lateral view with brown cuticular markings and blackish hypodermal markings on head, thorax, protoptera, legs and abdomen; 592–598, larval exuviae at the same magnification; 597–598, fore and hind larval legs with subimaginal legs inside; 599, larval fore tibia; 600, anterior side of hind femur; 601, hind tibia with focus on outer-posterior row of stout setae; 602, the same with focus on outer-anterior and inner-anterior rows of stout setae.
FIGURES 337–345. Thraulodes zonalis. 337, left half of subimaginal exuviae of mesonotum; 338, female imago with its subimaginal exuviae; 339–341, fore, middle and hind legs of female imago; 342, hind wing; 343, abdominal terga and sterna of male subimago extracted from larva (sterna VIII–IX with larval cuticle); 344–345, anterior-proximal part of fore wing.
FIGURES 365–370. Thraulodes flavus sp. n. 365–366, male imago in lateral and dorsal view; 367, female imago; 368, left half of subimaginal exuviae of mesonotum; 369, subimaginal exuviae of fore leg of male; 370, genitalia of male imago (368–370, holotype).
FIGURES 569–577. Thraulodes alboniger sp. n. 569, female subimago extracted from larva; 570, apex of fore wing; 571–573, abdominal terga of three different male imagines; 574–575, two male imagines in lateral view; 576, head and thorax of male imago in dorsal view; 577, right half of subimaginal exuviae of mesonotum (570, 572, 577, holotype).
FIGURES 94–100. Thraulodes telegraphicus. 94–95, right half of subimaginal exuviae of mesonotum of two different specimens; 96, apex of fore wing; 97–98, male imago in lateral and ventral view; 99, abdominal terga and sterna of male imago (black dots are algae under cuticle); 100, female imago. Abbreviations: acz.ms, achromozone of medioscutum; acz.sms, achromozone of submedioscutum; cz.ms, chromozone of medioscutum; cz.sms, chromozone of submedioscutum; mp.s, medioparapsidal suture; ms.cz.s, medioscutal chromozonal suture; sms.cz.s, submedioscutal chromozonal suture.
FIGURES 396–402. Thraulodes spangleri. 396–397, left half of subimaginal exuviae of mesonotum of two different specimens; 398–400, male imago in lateral, dorsal and ventral view; 401, female imago; 402, genitalia of male imago.
FIGURES 209–314. Thraulodes fascipennis sp. n. 309, hind wing; 310, genitalia of male imago in ventral view; 311, apex of penis in dorsal view; 312, genitalia in lateral view; 313, larval exuviae of protogonostyli and protopenis; 314, subimaginal exuviae of genitalia (313, holotype).
FIGURES 439–447. Thraulodes niger sp. n. 439, apex of penis in dorsal view; 440, genitalia of male imago in ventral view; 441, their subimaginal exuviae; 442, larval protogonostyli and protopenis; 443, hind wing; 444–447, tergalii I, III, VI and VII.
FIGURES 198–202. Thraulodes schlingeri. 198–199, male imago in lateral and ventral view; 200, penis in apical view; 201, penis in ventral view; 202, left half of subimaginal exuviae of mesonotum.
FIGURES 232–239. Thraulodes marreroi. 232–234, male imago in dorsal, ventral and lateral view; 235, left half of subimaginal exuviae of mesonotum; 236–239, male imaginal genitalia in apical, dorsal ventral and lateral view.
FIGURES 260–266. Thraulodes quevedoensis. 260–261, genitalia of male imago with focus on penis and on styliger; 262, right half of subimaginal exuviae of mesonotum; 263–264, male imago in ventral and lateral view; 265, abdominal terga and sterna of male imago; 266, apex of fore wing.
FIGURES 203–206. Thraulodes schlingeri. 203–204, male imaginal genitalia in lateral and ventral view; 205, larval protogonostyli and protopenis; 206, hind wing.
FIGURES 240–245. Thraulodes marreroi. 240, genitalia of male imago in lateral view; 241, apex of penis in dorsal view; 242, genitalia in ventral view; 243, sibimaginal exuviae of styliger, gonostyli and telopenes; 244, larval protogonostyli and protopenis; 245, hind wing.
FIGURES 267–273. Thraulodes quevedoensis. 267, genitalia of male imago in lateral view; 268, styliger and penis in ventral view; 269, genitalia of another specimen in ventral view; 270, the same, apex of penis in dorsal view; 271, larval protogonostyli and protopenis; 272, hind wing; 273, larval claw of middle leg.
FIGURES 52–59. Thraulodes sinuosus. 52–53, male imago in dorsal and ventral view; 54, genitalia of male imago with focus on gonostyli; 55, the same, with focus on penis; 56, right half of subimaginal exuviae of mesonotum; 57–58, female imago in ventral and lateral view; 59, pterostigma of fore wing.
FIGURES 133–142. Thraulodes panamensis sp. n. 133, pterostigma; 134–136, male imago in lateral in ventral and dorsal view; 137–138, left half of subimaginal exuviae of mesonotum of two different specimens; 139, female imago; 140–141, genitalia in lateral and ventral view; 142, costal margin of fore wing (arrows show proximal costal cross veins) (133, 134, 136, 137, 141, 142, holotype).
FIGURES 156–168. Thraulodes viviparus sp. n. 156, pterostigma; 157–159, head and thorax of male imago in lateral in ventral and dorsal view; 160–161, fore and hind legs of male imago; 162–164, female imago in ventral in dorsal and lateral view; 165, left half of subimaginal exuviae of mesonotum; 166, abdominal terga and sterna; 167–168, penis with focus on dorsal and ventral side (156–161, 165–168, holotype).
FIGURES 60–63. Thraulodes sinuosus. 60, genitalia of male imago in ventral view; 61, their subimaginal exuviae at the same magnification; 62, larval exuviae of protogonostyli and protopenis at the same magnification; 63, hind wing.
FIGURES 112–120. Thraulodes telegraphicus. 112, genitalia of male imago in lateral view; 113, apex of penis with spear-like roll in dorsal view; 114, genitalia of the same specimen in ventral view; 115, their subimaginal exuviae at the same magnification; 116, hind wing; 117–120, penis of four different specimens. Abbreviations: dp, dorsal projection of styliger; tp, spear-like roll (telopenis).
FIGURES 143–148. Thraulodes panamensis sp. n. 143, genitalia of male imago in lateral view; 144, apex of penis with spearlike roll in dorsal view; 145, genitalia of the same specimen in ventral view; 146, subimaginal exuviae of genitalia at the same magnification; 147, larval exuviae of protogonostyli and protopenis at the same magnification; 148, hind wing (146, 147, holotype). Abbreviations: lp, pateral pouch; tp, telopenis.
FIGURES 169–173. Thraulodes viviparus sp. n. 169, genitalia of male imago in ventral view; 170, their subimaginal exuviae at the same magnification; 171, apex of penis in dorsal view; 172, protogonostyli and protopenis of presumably associated larva; 173, hind wing (169–171, 173, holotype). Abbreviations: lp, pateral pouch; tp, telopenis.
FIGURES 190–197. Thraulodes schlingeri, labrum. 190–193, labrum on slide: 190, total view; 191, anterior margin with focus on posterior transverse setal row; 192–193, with focus on ventral side, median emargination and anterior setal row (represented by field of irregularly situated setae); 194–197, labrum of another specimen in anterior view: 194, total view; 195, median part with focus on anterior and posterior setal rows; 196, the same with focus on median emargination; 197, the same enlarged (arrows show six sensilla separating five denticles). Abbreviations: anter.r, anterior transverse row of setae (actually field of setae); poster.r, posterior transverse row of setae.
FIGURES 208–231. Thraulodes marreroi. 208, margin of labrum with focus on posterior transverse setal row; 209, the same with focus on anterior transverse setal row (represented by field of irregularly situated setae) (arrows show four sensilla separating three denticles). 210–215 and 216–219, larval exuviae of two different specimens at the same magnification; 220–226, tergalii I–VII; 227, immature larva (with ocher and whitish cuticular coloration and blackish paired hypodermal markings on abdomen); 228, anterior side of hind femur; 229, anterior side of fore tibia; 230, hind tibia with focus on outer-posterior row of stout setae; 231, the same with focus on outer-anterior and inner-anterior rows of stout setae.
FIGURES 389–395. Thraulodes spangleri, labrum. 389–391, one specimen: 389, general view with focus on dorsal side and posterior transverse setal row; 390, focus on ventral side and denticles; 391, outline of denticles separated by four sensilla (shown as dots). 392–395, another specimen: 392, focus on dorsal side and posterior setal row; 393, focus on anterior transverse setal row (transformed to field of irregularly situated setae); 394, focus on denticles and tips of irregularly situated setae of the anterior row; 395, outlines of vestigial denticles separated by incisions and two sensilla.
FIGURES 650–653. Thraulodes sp. «Itaya», labrum. 650, general view; 651, focus on ventral side and six sensilla (shown by arrows); 652, with focus on anterior transverse setal row (transformed to field of irregularly situated setae); 653, with focus on posterior transverse setal row.
FIGURES 637–649. Thraulodes sp. «Itaya», larva. 637, tergalius III; 638–645, larval exuviae at the same magnification: 638, part of head with labrum; 639–640, left and right mandibles; 641, right half of pronotum and mesonotum; 642–644, fore, middle and hind legs; 645, abdominal terga and sterna; 646, anterior side of hind femur; 647, anterior side of fore tibia; 648, hind tibia with focus on outer-posterior row of stout setae; 649, the same with focus on outer-anterior and inner-anterior rows of stout setae.
FIGURES 174–189. Thraulodes schlingeri. 174–184, larval exuviae at the same magnification: 174, head with labrum and mandibles; 175, right pronotum and mesonotum; 176, part of sternum and left pleura with half of metanotum and hind protopteron, left fore, middle and hind legs; 177, abdominal terga and sterna; 178–184, tergalii I–VII; 185, immature larva (with ocher and whitish cuticular coloration and blackish paired hypodermal markings on abdomen); 186, anterior side of hind femur; 187, anterior side of fore tibia; 188, hind tibia with focus on outer-posterior row of stout setae; 189, the same with focus on outeranterior and inner-anterior rows of stout setae.
FIGURES 379–388. Thraulodes spangleri. 379–383, larval exuviae at the same magnification: 379–381, parts of head with labrum and mandibles; 382, right half of pronotum and mesonotum; 383, abdominal terga and sterna; 384, abdominal terga and sterna of male subimago extracted from larva; 385, tergalius; 386, larval fore tibia with subimaginal tibia inside and hypodermal dark brown markings; 387, anterior side of larval hind femur; 388, anterior side of larval hind tibia.
FIGURES 86–93. Thraulodes telegraphicus. 86, median longitudinal section of labrum in usual condition; 87, the same, in spread condition; 88, labrum in spread condition in dorsal view (setal rows shown as dotted lines); 89, transverse section of hind tibia; 90–93, tergalii I, III, VI and VII. Abbreviations: anter.r, anterior transverse row of setae; dent., five denticles separated by six sensilla; poster.r, posterior transverse row of setae; i.f, inner field of stout pointed setae; i-a.h, inner-anterior recurved hairs; i-a.r, inner-anterior row of stout setae; o-a.r, outer-anterior row of stout setae; o.h, outer hairs; o-p.r, outer-posterior row of stout setae; p.r, row of posterior pointed pectinate setae.
FIGURES 563–568. Thraulodes alboniger sp. n. 563, labrum; 564–565 and 566–567, male imaginal genitalia of two different specimens; 568, fragment of imaginal caudalius (563, 566–568, holotype).Abbreviations: anter.r., anterior transverse setal row; poster.r., posterior transverse setal row; other arrow show six sensilla separating five denticles.
FIGURES 543–562. Thraulodes alboniger sp. n. 543, larva with ocher cuticular coloration and blackish hypodermal markings on thorax, legs and abdomen, 544–557, larval exuviae at the same magnification; 551–557, tergalii I–VII; 558, fore tibia; 559, its inner-apical margin in anterior view; 560, anterior side of fore femur; 561, hind tibia with focus on outer-posterior row of stout setae; 562, the same with focus on outer-anterior and inner-anterior rows of stout setae (544–562, holotype).
FIGURES 578–588. Thraulodes alboniger sp. n. 578, hind wing; 579, genitalia of male imago in ventral view; 580, dorsal margin of styliger and penis of another specimen; 581, subimaginal exuviae of genitalia; 582, penis in lateral view; 583, posterior margin of IX sternum of female larva; 584, the same of male larva with protogonostyli and protopenis; 585–588, tergalii I, III, VI and VII (578, 580–581, 584–588, holotype).
FIGURES 5–13. Thraulodes ludmilae sp. n., larval exuviae of holotype (5–10 at the same magnification): 5–7, parts of head with labrum and mandibles; 8, right half of pronotum and mesonotum; 9, part of sternum and left pleura with half of metanotum and hind protopteron, left fore, middle and hind legs; 10, abdominal terga and sterna; 11, tergalii II–III; 12, part of pronotum; 13 anterior side of fore femur.Abbreviation: f.a.m, free anterior margin of pronotum.
FIGURES 66–69. Thraulodes telegraphicus. 66–67, last instar larvae with intensive cuticular coloration and poorly visible hypodermal coloration; 68, younger larva with light cuticle and well visible blackish hypodermal markings on abdomen; 69, claw. Abbreviations: artic.p., articulatory portion; rigid p., rigid portion of claw.
FIGURES 70–85. Thraulodes telegraphicus, larval exuviae (70–82 at the same magnification): 70–75, right half of pronotum and mesonotum; 76, head with labrum and mandibles; 77–78 and 79–80, fore and hind legs of two specimens; 81–82, abdominal terga; 83, anterior side of hind femur; 84, anterior side of fore tibia; 85, anterior side of hind tibia. Abbreviations: i-a.r, inneranterior row of stout setae; o-a.r, outer-anterior row of stout setae; o-p.r, outer-posterior row of stout setae.
FIGURES 21–24. Thraulodes ludmilae sp. n., exuviae of tibiae of holotype (at the same magnification): 21, anterior side of fore leg; 22, anterior side of middle leg; 23, posterior side of hind leg; 24, anterior side of hind leg.
FIGURES 603–612. Thraulodes lepidus. 603, larva with brown cuticular markings and blackish hypodermal markings; 604– 605, cuticle of larval protogonostyli and protopenis; 606–607, subimaginal styliger with gonostyli and penis extracted from larva; 608, tergalius III; 609–610, subimaginal thorax extracted from larva; 611, abdom of male subimago extracted from larva; 612, its enlarged fragment. Abbreviations: cut.subim, brown subimaginal cuticle with small paired blanks; hyp.w, non-pigmented area of hypoderm visible through blanks of cuticle; hyp.b, dark brown hypodermal coloration.
FIGURES 411–426. Thraulodes niger sp. n. 411, larval claw; 412–413, 414–418 and 419–420, larval exuviae of three specimens at the same magnification; 421, larval abdomen with ocher cuticular markings and blackish hypodermal markings; 422, anterior side of hind femur; 423, anterior side of fore tibia; 424, the same with focus on more posterior setae; 425, hind tibia with focus on outer-posterior row of stout setae; 426, the same with focus on outer-anterior and inner-anterior rows of stout setae (412–413, holotype).
FIGURES 450–463. Larvae, presumably attributed to Thraulodes nigrabdominalis sp. n. 450–455, parts of last instar larva at the same magnification: 450, fragment of head with labrum and mandibles; 451, pronotum and mesonotum; 452, hind leg; 453, abdominal terga; 454–455, tergalii IV–V; 456–458, exuviae of young larva at the same magnification: 456–457, fore and hind legs; 458, abdominal terga and sterna; 459, young larva with brown cuticular coloration and blackish hypodermal coloration; 460, larval protogonostyli and protopenis; 461, anterior side of hind femur; 462, hind tibia with focus on outer-posterior row of stout setae; 463, the same with focus on outer-anterior and inner-anterior rows of stout setae.
FIGURES 151–155. Larva presumably attributed to Thraulodes viviparus sp. n. 151, anterior side of hind tibia; 152, anterior side of hind femur; 153, tergalius VII; 154, general view; 155, abdominal terga spread on slide (with brown and whitish cuticular coloration and blackish paired hypodermal markings).
FIGURES 350–360. Thraulodes flavus sp. n. 350–356, larval exuviae at the same magnification: 350, abdominal terga; 351– 353, parts of head with labrum and mandibles; 354, left half of pronotum and mesonotum; 355–356, fore and hind legs; 357, hind tibia with focus on outer-posterior row of stout setae; 358, the same with focus on outer-anterior and inner-anterior rows of stout setae; 359, anterior side of fore femur; 360, anterior side of fore tibia (350–356, 359–360, holotype).
FIGURES 613–625. Thraulodes sp. «Palo Seco», larva. 613, clypeus and labrum; 614–615, left and right mandibles; 616–617, larvae with brown cuticular coloration and blackish hypodermal markings; 618, fragment of fore protopteron with venation of pterostigma; 619, hind protopteron; 620, fore protopteron; 621, fore tibia with dark brown hypodermal marking; 622, anterior side of fore tibia; 623, hind tibia with focus on outer-posterior row of stout setae; 624, the same with focus on outer-anterior and inner-anterior rows of stout setae; 625, anterior side of hind femur.
FIGURES 122–132. Thraulodes panamensis sp. n. 122–127, larval exuviae at the same magnification: 122–124, parts of head with labrum and mandibles; 125, left half of pronotum and mesonotum; 126, part of sternum and left pleura with half of metanotum and hind protopteron, left fore, middle and hind legs; 127, abdominal terga and sterna; 128, immature larva with light cuticle and well visible blackish hypodermal markings on abdomen; 129, tergalius III; 130, anterior side of hind femur; 131, anterior side of fore tibia; 132, anterior side of hind tibia (122–127, 130, holotype).
FIGURES 276–296. Thraulodes fascipennis sp. n. 276–283, larval exuviae at the same magnification; 284–290, tergalii I–VII; 291, ventral lamella of tergalius IV; 292, young larva with light cuticle and well visible blackish hypodermal markings; 293, anterior side of hind femur; 294, anterior side of fore tibia; 295, hind tibia with focus on outer-posterior row of stout setae; 296, the same with focus on outer-anterior and inner-anterior rows of stout setae (276–283, 293–296, holotype).
FIGURES 361–364. Thraulodes flavus sp. n. (holotype). 361, tergalii; 362–363, distal segment of maxillary palp in ventral and dorsal view; 364, hind femur in anterior view.
FIGURES 42–51. Thraulodes sinuosus, larval exuviae (42–47 at the same magnification): 42–44, parts of head with labrum and mandibles; 45, abdominal terga; 46, part of sternum and left pleura with half of metanotum and hind protopteron, left fore, middle and hind legs; 47, right half of pronotum and mesonotum; 48, tergalii V–VI; 49, anterior side of hind femur; 50, anterior side of fore tibia; 51, anterior side of hind tibia.
FIGURES 250–259. Thraulodes quevedoensis. 250–255, larval exuviae at the same magnification: 250–251, parts of head with labrum and mandibles; 252, right half of pronotum and mesonotum; 253–254, fore and hind legs; 255, abdominal terga; 256, anterior side of hind femur; 257, anterior side of fore tibia; 258, hind tibia with focus on outer-posterior row of stout setae; 259, the same with focus on outer-anterior and inner-anterior rows of stout setae.
FIGURES 317–336. Thraulodes zonalis. 317–331, larval exuviae at the same magnification; 332, young larva with light cuticle and well visible blackish hypodermal markings; 333, anterior side of hind femur; 334, anterior side of fore tibia; 335, hind tibia with focus on outer-posterior row of stout setae; 336, the same with focus on outer-anterior and inner-anterior rows of stout setae.
FIGURES 346–347. Thraulodes zonalis. 346, larval protogonostyli and protopenis in dorsal view with developing subimaginal gonostyli and penis; 347, optic section of through protopenis with developing penis. Abbreviations: gd, larval cuticle of gonoduct; tp, subimaginal telopenis.
FIGURES 666–672. Thraulodes? consortis, tergalii I–VII.
FIGURES 498–507. Thraulodes nigripes sp. n. 498, larval protogonostyli and protopenis; 499, subimaginal styliger and gonostyli extracted from larva; 500–501, subimaginal penis inside larval protopenis in ventral and dorsal view; 502, larval protogonostyli with subimaginal gonostyli and styliger at earlier stage of development; 503–506, tergalii I, III, VI and VII (498–501, 503–506, holotype).
FIGURES 532–540. Thraulodes nigrotibialis sp. n. 532, larval protogonostyli and protopenis; 533, subimaginal exuviae of genitalia; 534, genitalia of male imago in ventral view; 535, apex of penis on dorsal view; 536, hind wing; 537–540, tergalii I, III, VI and VII (532–536, holotype).
FIGURES 1–4. Median emargination of labrum: 1, Siphlonurus aestivalis Eaton 1903; 2, Leptophlebia marginata (Linnaeus 1767); 3, Habroleptoides pontica Kluge 1994c; 4, Habrophlebia fusca (Curtis 1834). Arrows show six sensilla, which on Fig. 4 separate five marginal denticles.
FIGURES 14–20. Thraulodes ludmilae sp. n., exuviae of mouthparts of holotype (14, 17–19 at the same magnification): 14, labrum; 15, its anterior margin with focus on dorsal side; 16, the same, with focus on ventral side; 17–18, left and right mandibles; 19, labium and maxilla; 20, dorsal side of glossa.Abbreviations: anter.r, limits of anterior transverse row of setae; poster. r, posterior transverse row of setae; other arrows show six sensilla separating five denticles.
FIGURES 510–521. Thraulodes nigrotibialis sp. n. 510 and 511–517, larval exuviae of two specimens at the same magnification: 510 and 511–512, parts of head with labrum and mandibles; 513, abdominal terga and sterna; 514–516, fore, middle and hind legs; 517, left half of pronotum and mesonotum; 518, young larva with brown cuticle and blackish hypodermal markings on head, thorax and abdomen; 519, anterior side of hind femur; 520, hind tibia with focus on outer-posterior row of stout setae; 521, the same with focus on outer-anterior and inner-anterior rows of stout setae (511–517, holotype).
FIGURES 626–636. Thraulodes sp. «Palo Seco», larva. 626, hind protopteron; 627–633, tergalii I–VII; 634–635, protogono- styli and protopenis at the same magnification; 636, protopenis enlarged.
FIGURES 106–111. Thraulodes telegraphicus. 106, protogonostyli of last instar larva (hypoderm of gonostyli and styliger and hidden cuticle of protopenis shown by interrupted lines); 107, enlarged cuticle of protopenis and hypoderm of developing penis inside; 108–109, the same, at later stage of development; 110–111, genital of male imago (110, styliger ventrally; 111, penis dorsally at left and ventrally at right). Abbreviation: bl, basal lobe; dp, dorsal projection of styliger; gd, gonoduct; m.gs, gonostylar muscle; m.med, median penial muscle; m.s, styligeral muscle; m-v.r, medio-ventral ridge (recurved flap); sp, seminal pump; tp, spear-like roll (telopenis).
FIGURES 101–105. Thraulodes telegraphicus. 101–102, genitalia of the same specimen; 103, penis of another specimen; 104– 105, part of penis with telopenis forming spear-like roll.Abbreviations: bl, basal lobe; dp, dorsal projection of styliger; gd, gonoduct; gs1, gs2, gs3, gs4, segments of gonostylus; m.gs, gonostylar muscle; m.lat, lateral penial muscle; m.med, median penial muscle; m.s, styligeral muscle; m-v.r, medio-ventral ridge (recurved flap); sp, seminal pump; tp, spear-like roll (telopenis).
FIGURES 371–376. Thraulodes flavus sp. n. 371, genitalia of male imago in lateral view; 372, apex of penis in dorsal view; 373, genitalia of male imago in ventral view; 374, their subimaginal exuviae; 375, larval protogonostyli and protopenis; 376, hind wing (372–376, holotype).
FIGURES 403–408. Thraulodes spangleri. 403–404, genitalia of male imago in lateral and ventral view; 405, apex of penis in dorsal view; 406, subimaginal exuviae of styliger, gonostylus and spear-like rolls; 407, larval protogonostyli and protopenis; 408, hind wing.
FIGURES 474–478. Thraulodes nigrabdominalis sp. n. 474, genitalia of male imago in ventral view; 475, their subimaginal exuviae; 476, hind wing; 477–478, protogonostyli and protopenis of presumably associated larva, with subimaginal gonostyli and styliger at early stage of development shown by interrupted line (474–476, holotype).
FIGURES 589–590. Thraulodes alboniger sp. n., eggs.
FIGURES 348–349. Thraulodes zonalis, eggs.
FIGURES 149–150. Thraulodes panamensis sp. n., egg.
FIGURE 121. Thraulodes telegraphicus, eggs.
FIGURES 248–249. Thraulodes marreroi, eggs.
FIGURES 274–275. Thraulodes quevedoensis, eggs.
FIGURES 315–316. Thraulodes fascipennis sp. n., eggs.
FIGURES 377–378. Thraulodes flavus sp. n., eggs.