@prefix rdf: . @prefix rdfs: . @prefix bibo: . @prefix cito: . @prefix dc: . @prefix dwc: . @prefix dwcFP: . @prefix fabio: . @prefix trt: . @prefix xlink: . cito:cites , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ; dc:creator "Huber, Bernhard A.; Meng, Guanliang; Valdez-Mondragón, Alejandro; Král, Jiří; Ávila Herrera, Ivalú M.; Carvalho, Leonardo S." ; dc:title "Pholcophora Banks 1896" ; trt:augmentsTaxonConcept ; trt:publishedIn ; a trt:Treatment . bibo:endPage "89" ; bibo:issue "1" ; bibo:journal "European Journal of Taxonomy" ; bibo:pubDate "2023-07-17" ; bibo:startPage "1" ; bibo:volume "880" ; dc:creator "Huber, Bernhard A.; Meng, Guanliang; Valdez-Mondragón, Alejandro; Král, Jiří; Ávila Herrera, Ivalú M.; Carvalho, Leonardo S." ; dc:date "2023" ; dc:title "Short-legged daddy-long-leg spiders in North America: the genera Pholcophora and Tolteca (Araneae, Pholcidae)" ; fabio:hasPart , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ; a fabio:JournalArticle . dwc:ID-ENA "393828" ; dwc:authority "Banks, 1896" ; dwc:authorityName "Banks" ; dwc:authorityYear "1896" ; dwc:class "Arachnida" ; dwc:family "Pholcidae" ; dwc:genus "Pholcophora" ; dwc:kingdom "Animalia" ; dwc:order "Araneae" ; dwc:phylum "Arthropoda" ; dwc:rank "genus" ; dwc:scientificNameAuthorship "Banks, 1896" ; rdfs:seeAlso ; trt:hasTaxonName ; a dwcFP:TaxonConcept . dwc:class "Arachnida" ; dwc:family "Pholcidae" ; dwc:genus "Pholcophora" ; dwc:kingdom "Animalia" ; dwc:order "Araneae" ; dwc:phylum "Arthropoda" ; dwc:rank "genus" ; trt:hasParentName ; a dwcFP:TaxonName . dwc:class "Arachnida" ; dwc:family "Pholcidae" ; dwc:kingdom "Animalia" ; dwc:order "Araneae" ; dwc:phylum "Arthropoda" ; dwc:rank "family" ; trt:hasParentName ; a dwcFP:TaxonName . dwc:class "Arachnida" ; dwc:kingdom "Animalia" ; dwc:order "Araneae" ; dwc:phylum "Arthropoda" ; dwc:rank "order" ; trt:hasParentName ; a dwcFP:TaxonName . dwc:class "Arachnida" ; dwc:kingdom "Animalia" ; dwc:phylum "Arthropoda" ; dwc:rank "class" ; trt:hasParentName ; a dwcFP:TaxonName . dwc:kingdom "Animalia" ; dwc:phylum "Arthropoda" ; dwc:rank "phylum" ; trt:hasParentName ; a dwcFP:TaxonName . dwc:kingdom "Animalia" ; dwc:rank "kingdom" ; a dwcFP:TaxonName . dc:description "Fig. 5. Pholcophora americana Banks, 1896, males. A–E. From USA, Montana, Lolo Nat. Forest (ZFMK G092). F–H. From California, Inyo Nat. Forest (ZFMK G089). A–B. Chelicerae, frontal and lateral views. C–E. Left palpal tarsus and procursus, prolateral, dorsal, and retrolateral views. F–H. Left genital bulb, prolateral, dorsal, and retrolateral views. Scale bars = 0.3 mm." ; fabio:hasRepresentation ; a fabio:Figure . dc:description "Fig. 10. Pholcophora mazatlan Huber sp. nov.; male holotype from Mexico, Guerrero, N of Mazatlán (LATLAX). A–B. Chelicerae, frontal and lateral views. C–E. Left palpal tarsus and procursus, prolateral, dorsal, and retrolateral views. F–H. Left genital bulb, prolateral, dorsal, and retrolateral views. Abbreviations: dp = dorsal process; vf = ventral flap. Scale bars = 0.2 mm." ; fabio:hasRepresentation ; a fabio:Figure . dc:description "Fig. 3. Pholcophora Banks, 1896, live specimens. A. P. americana Banks, 1896, male from USA, Colorado, near Golden.B–E. P. mazatlan Huber sp. nov., males and females with egg-sacs from Mexico, Guerrero, N of Mazatlán. F–G. P. papanoa Huber sp. nov., male and female from Mexico, Guerrero, S of Papanoa. H–I. P. texana Gertsch, 1935, male and female with egg-sac from Mexico, Hidalgo, SW of Jacala. J–K. P. tehuacan Huber sp. nov., male and female with egg-sac from Mexico, Puebla, SE of Tehuacan. L. P. “Mex354”, female with egg-sac from Mexico, Puebla, SE of Tehuacan." ; fabio:hasRepresentation ; a fabio:Figure . dc:description "Fig. 8. Pholcophora americana Banks, 1896, female from USA, Colorado, near Golden (ZFMK USA16). A. Prosoma, frontal view. B. Right spinnerets. C. Anterior lateral spinneret. D. Detail of tibia 1. E. Detail of metatarsus 4. F. Tarsal organ on tarsus 1. G. Tarsal organ and slit sensillum on tarsus 3. H. Tarsal organ on tarsus 4. Scale bars: A = 100 µm; B–E, G = 10 µm; F, H = 2 µm." ; fabio:hasRepresentation ; a fabio:Figure . dc:description "Fig. 13. Pholcophora mazatlan Huber sp. nov., female from Mexico, Guerrero, 2 km N of Mazatlán (ZFMK Mex209). A. Prosoma, frontal view. B. Epigynum, ventral view. C. Spinnerets; asterisk: PMS. D. Anterior lateral spinneret. E. Tarsal organ and slit sensillum on tarsus 3. F. Metatarsus-tarsus 1 joint with lyriform organ, dorsal view. G. Tip of right tarsus 3, prolateral view. H. Comb hair (arrow) on tarsus 4, prolateral view. Abbreviations: ep = epigynum (main epigynal plate); pep = posterior epigynal plate. Scale bars: A–B = 100 µm; C = 20 µm; D, F–H = 10 µm; E = 2 µm." ; fabio:hasRepresentation ; a fabio:Figure . dc:description "Fig. 29. Pholcophora tehuacan Huber sp. nov., male and female from Mexico, Puebla, 35 km SE of Tehuacan (ZFMK Mex353). A. Male chelicerae, oblique frontal view. B. Lateral face of female chelicera, showing absence of stridulatory file. C. Male gonopore with epiandrous spigots. D. Epigynum, ventral view. E. Male palpal tarsal organ. F. Female palpal tarsal organ and slit sensillum. G. Male ALS and PMS. H. Tip of right male tarsus 2, prolateral view. Abbreviations: ep = epigynum (main epigynal plate); pep = posterior epigynal plate. Scale bars: A = 20 µm; B–C, G–H = 10 µm; D = 100 µm; E = 1 µm; F = 2 µm." ; fabio:hasRepresentation ; a fabio:Figure . dc:description "Fig. 19. Pholcophora texana Gertsch, 1935, male from Mexico, Hidalgo, SW of Jacala (ZFMK Ar 23952). Left palp, prolateral, dorsal, and retrolateral views; arrows point at unique brush of modified hairs. Scale bar = 0.3 mm." ; fabio:hasRepresentation ; a fabio:Figure . dc:description "Fig. 18. Pholcophora papanoa Huber sp. nov., female from Mexico, Guerrero, S of Papanoa (ZFMK Mex216). A. Ocular area, frontal view. B. Right chelicera, lateral view, showing absence of stridulatory file. C. Epigynum, posterior view. D. Spinnerets. E. Palpal tarsal organ (and base of ‘regular’ hair). F. Prolateral trichobothrium on tibia 2. Abbreviations: ep = epigynum (main epigynal plate); pep = posterior epigynal plate. Scale bars: A, C = 100 µm; B, F = 20 µm; D = 10 µm; E = 2 µm." ; fabio:hasRepresentation ; a fabio:Figure . dc:description "Fig. 24. Pholcophora texana Gertsch, 1935, female from Mexico, Hidalgo, 2.5 km SW of Jacala (ZFMK Mex341). A. Detail of femur 2, retrolateral view. B. Detail of tibia 4, retrolateral view. C. Patella-tibia 1 joint, retrolateral view. D. Metatarsus-tarsus 2 joint, retrolateral view. E. Retrolateral trichobothrium of tibia 1. F. Detail of tarsus 1, showing pseudosegmentation. G. Tip of tarsus 2, retrolateral view. H. Tip of tarsus 4, prolateral view, showing comb-hair (arrow). Scale bars: A–B, D–H = 10 µm; C = 20 µm." ; fabio:hasRepresentation ; a fabio:Figure . dc:description "Fig. 23. Pholcophora texana Gertsch, 1935, female from Mexico, Hidalgo, 2.5 km SW of Jacala (ZFMK Mex341). A. Ocular area, dorsal view. B. Lateral face of chelicera, showing absence of stridulatory file. C. Epigynum, ventral (slightly posterior) view. D. ALS. E. PMS and anal hairs (arrows). F. Tip of left palpal tarsus, dorsal view. G. Detail of right palpal tarsus, dorsal view. H. Palpal tarsal organ. Abbreviations: ep = epigynum (main epigynal plate); pep = posterior epigynal plate; to = tarsal organ. Scale bars: A–B = 20 µm; C = 100 µm; D–G = 10 µm; H = 2 µm." ; fabio:hasRepresentation ; a fabio:Figure . dc:description "Fig. 33. Pholcophora internal female genitalia, median sections of main transversal internal sclerite. A–B. P. americana Banks, 1896, females from USA, California, Inyo Nat. Forest (ZFMK G089) and Colorado, near Golden (ZFMK USA16). C–D. P. mazatlan Huber sp. nov., females from Mexico, Guerrero, N of Mazatlán (ZFMK Ar 23943). E–F. P. papanoa Huber sp. nov., females from Mexico, Guerrero, S of Papanoa (ZFMK Ar 23945). G–H. P. “Mex354”, females from Mexico, Puebla, SE of Tehuacan (ZFMK Mex354). I–J. P. texana Gertsch, 1935, females from Mexico, Hidalgo, SW of Jacala (ZFMK Ar 23952). K–L. P. tehuacan Huber sp. nov., females from Mexico, Puebla, SE of Tehuacan (ZFMK Ar 23949). M. Pholcophora? “Car544”, female from Puerto Rico, Isla Mono (USNM ENT 783464). N. Pholcophora? “Cu12-325”, female from Cuba, Santiago de Cuba, Siboney (ZFMK Cu12- 325). Scale bar = 0.1 mm." ; fabio:hasRepresentation ; a fabio:Figure . dc:description "Fig. 1. Relationships of Pholcophora Banks, 1896 and Tolteca Huber, 2000 derived from analysis of molecular data using IQ-Tree and the ClipKIT gappy trimming strategy. Newly generated CO1 sequences (codes starting with N) were combined with data from Eberle et al. (2018) (all other codes). Numbers on the branches are SH-aLRT supports (%). The tree shows only the ingroups and the Ninetinae outgroups. Clade colours are as in Figs 2 and 35. For the complete tree, and for clade support using different alignment strategies, see Supp. file 1: Fig. S76. Photos on the right from top to bottom: Tolteca manzanillo Huber sp. nov.; Papiamenta savonet Huber, 2000; Pholcophora papanoa Huber sp. nov." ; fabio:hasRepresentation ; a fabio:Figure . dc:description "Fig. 28. Pholcophora tehuacan Huber sp. nov., females from Mexico, Puebla, SE of Tehuacan (ZFMK Ar 23949), cleared female genitalia. A, D. Ventral views. B, E. Dorsal views. C, F. Detail of median internal structures. Scale bars = 0.1 mm." ; fabio:hasRepresentation ; a fabio:Figure . dc:description "Fig. 31. Pholcophora? “Car544”, females from Puerto Rico, Isla Mono (USNM ENT 783464, 783466). A–B. Habitus, dorsal and lateral views. C. Abdomen, ventral view. D–E. Abdomens of two specimens, lateral views (at same scale). F. Cleared female genitalia, ventral view. G. Detail of median internal structures, dorsal view. Abbreviations: as = anterior sclerite; ep = epigynum (main epigynal plate); pep = posterior epigynal plate. Scale bars: A–B = 1 mm; C–E = 0.3 mm; F–G =0.1 mm." ; fabio:hasRepresentation ; a fabio:Figure . dc:description "Fig. 2. Known distributions of ‘true’ Pholcophora Banks, 1896 (orange marks) and of presumably misplaced Caribbean ‘Pholcophora’ and of Papiamenta Huber, 2000 (red marks). Dominican amber species currently placed in Pholcophora are represented by an “F” in a pink square. Our molecular data suggest that Caribbean ‘Pholcophora’ are more closely related with the genus Papiamenta than with true Pholcophora. Barcoded specimens of Pholcophora americana Banks, 1896 are marked with an “x” and accompanied by the vial code (see Table 1 for details)." ; fabio:hasRepresentation ; a fabio:Figure . dc:description "Fig. 34. Representative sample of habitats of Pholcophora Banks, 1896 in Mexico. A. Guerrero, 2 km N of Mazatlán (type locality of P. mazatlan Huber sp. nov.). B. Hidalgo, 2.5 km SW of Jacala (P. texana Gertsch, 1935). C. Guerrero, 5 km S of Papanoa (type locality of P. papanoa Huber sp. nov.; with collecting tray). D. Puebla, 35 km SE of Tehuacan (type locality of P. tehuacan Huber sp. nov.)." ; fabio:hasRepresentation ; a fabio:Figure . dc:description "Fig. 16. Pholcophora papanoa Huber sp. nov., females from Mexico, Guerrero, S of Papanoa (ZFMK Ar 23945), epigyna. A, C–D. Ventral views. B, E. Lateral views. Figs C and D show the same specimen, with genital plug (gp) and without plug. Scale bars = 0.3 mm." ; fabio:hasRepresentation ; a fabio:Figure .