@prefix rdf: . @prefix rdfs: . @prefix bibo: . @prefix cito: . @prefix dc: . @prefix dwc: . @prefix dwcFP: . @prefix fabio: . @prefix trt: . @prefix xlink: . cito:cites , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ; dc:creator "Borkent, Art" ; dc:title "Culicoides Latreille" ; trt:publishedIn ; trt:treatsTaxonName ; a trt:Treatment . bibo:endPage "327" ; bibo:issue "1" ; bibo:journal "Zootaxa" ; bibo:pubDate "2014-10-31" ; bibo:startPage "1" ; bibo:volume "3879" ; dc:creator "Borkent, Art" ; dc:date "2014" ; dc:title "The Pupae of the Biting Midges of the World (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae), With a Generic Key and Analysis of the Phylogenetic Relationships Between Genera" ; fabio:hasPart , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ; a fabio:JournalArticle . dwc:class "Insecta" ; dwc:family "Ceratopogonidae" ; dwc:genus "Culicoides" ; dwc:kingdom "Animalia" ; dwc:order "Diptera" ; dwc:phylum "Arthropoda" ; dwc:rank "genus" ; trt:hasParentName ; a dwcFP:TaxonName . dwc:class "Insecta" ; dwc:family "Ceratopogonidae" ; dwc:kingdom "Animalia" ; dwc:order "Diptera" ; dwc:phylum "Arthropoda" ; dwc:rank "family" ; trt:hasParentName ; a dwcFP:TaxonName . dwc:class "Insecta" ; dwc:kingdom "Animalia" ; dwc:order "Diptera" ; dwc:phylum "Arthropoda" ; dwc:rank "order" ; trt:hasParentName ; a dwcFP:TaxonName . dwc:class "Insecta" ; dwc:kingdom "Animalia" ; dwc:phylum "Arthropoda" ; dwc:rank "class" ; trt:hasParentName ; a dwcFP:TaxonName . dwc:kingdom "Animalia" ; dwc:phylum "Arthropoda" ; dwc:rank "phylum" ; trt:hasParentName ; a dwcFP:TaxonName . dwc:kingdom "Animalia" ; dwc:rank "kingdom" ; a dwcFP:TaxonName . dc:description "FIGURE 2. Pupae in unusual habitats, preservation and relative sizes. A. Forcipomyia pupae, Rancho Grande, Venezuela; photo by Steve Marshall. B. Forcipomyia pupae under bark of log of Pinus sylvestris, Poland; photo by Marek W. Kozlowski. C. Pupae of Mallochohelea sp. on emergent plants at edge of Bolean Lk., 6 km NE Falkland, British Columbia. D. Palpomyia sp. showing mounting technique on pin, 8 km E. Sicamous, British Columbia. E. Permanent slide mount of dissected adult and pupal exuviae of Mallochohelea albibasis. F. Pupal exuviae, from left to right, of Baeodasymyia michaeli, Culicoides denticulatus and Sphaeromias longipennis showing size differences within the family. Total length of Baeodasymyia michaeli = 1.2 mm, of Sphaeromias = 7.3 mm." ; fabio:hasRepresentation ; a fabio:Figure . dc:description "FIGURE 3. Habitus of pupae of Culicoides sonorensis (from Borkent 2012). A. Female, in dorsal view. B. Male, in lateral view. C. Female, in ventral view. A and C have the abdominal segments separated by expanded membrane, not shown in B. Shagreen not shown." ; fabio:hasRepresentation ; a fabio:Figure . dc:description "FIGURE 4. Chaetotaxy of cephalothoraces of Culicoides sonorensis (modified from Borkent 2012). A. Dorsal view. B. Ventral view. C. Lateral view. Shagreen not shown." ; fabio:hasRepresentation ; a fabio:Figure . dc:description "FIGURE 5. Chaetotaxy of abdominal segment 4 of Culicoides. A. Culicoides haematopotus, in dorsal and ventral view (modified from Borkent 2012). B. Culicoides arboricola, in lateral view (from Linley 1970b)." ; fabio:hasRepresentation ; a fabio:Figure . dc:description "FIGURE 13. Anterior portion of heads and thoraces, in anterior or anterodorsal view. A. Leptoconops kerteszi, ecdysial sutures of head enhanced to show position. B. Culicoides denticulatus. C. Ceratopogon nr. abstrusus. D. Brachypogon sp. (from 6 km E. Falkland, BC, Canada). E. Alluaudomyia bella, dorsal apotome absent. F. Clinohelea curriei. G. Pellucidomyia leei. H. Mallochohelea caudellii. I. Bezzia sp. (from Bolean Lake, BC, Canada)." ; fabio:hasRepresentation ; a fabio:Figure . dc:description "FIGURE 15. Anterior portion of heads. A. Culicoides denticulatus, in anteroventral view. B. Ceratopogon nr. abstrusus, in anterior view. C. Brachypogon sp., in anterior view (from 6 km E. Falkland, BC, Canada). D. Stilobezzia antennalis, in ventral view, dorsal apotome not present. E. Allohelea japonica, in ventral view, dorsal apotome not present (distorted slide specimen). F. Atyphohelea macroneura, in ventral view, right side of head, dorsal apotome not present." ; fabio:hasRepresentation ; a fabio:Figure . dc:description "FIGURE 19. Dorsal apotomes, anterior view. A. Culicoides circumscriptus (from Kettle & Lawson 1952). B. Culicoides cubitalis (from Kettle & Lawson 1952). C. Culicoides truncorum (from Kettle & Lawson 1952). D. Culicoides chiopterus (from Jamnback 1965). E. Paradasyhelea minuta (from Kettle & Elson 1975a). F. Paradasyhelea albipunctata (from Elson- Harris & Kettle 1985a). G. Paradasyhelea reyei (from Elson-Harris & Kettle 1985a). H. Ceratopogon boomerangus (from Borkent & Grogan 1995). I. Ceratopogon abstrusus (from Borkent & Grogan 1995). J. Ceratopogon arcanus (from Borkent & Grogan 1995). K. Brachypogon artemis (from Debenham 1991). L. Alluaudomyia appendiculata (from Elson-Harris & Kettle 1985b). M. Alluaudomyia fumosipennis (from Elson-Harris & Kettle 1985b). N. Baeodasymyia michaeli (from Borkent & Craig 1999). O. Austrohelea campbellensis. P. Stilobezzia rabelloi (from Borkent & Craig 2001)." ; fabio:hasRepresentation ; a fabio:Figure . dc:description "FIGURE 24. Posterior portion of heads, in ventral view. A. Culicoides guttipennis. B. Paradasyhelea albipunctata. C. Ceratopogon arcanus. D. Brachypogon sp. (Flag Glade, Pocahontas Co., West Virginia, USA). E. Alluaudomyia needhami. F. Baeodasymyia michaeli. G. Austrohelea campbellensis." ; fabio:hasRepresentation ; a fabio:Figure . dc:description "FIGURE 29. Dorsal setae from left side of thoraces. A. Austroconops mcmillani. B. Leptoconops kerteszi. C. Leptoconops linleyi. D. Forcipomyia (Euprojoannisia) sp. (from Peru). E. Forcipomyia (Forcipomyia) bipunctata. F. Forcipomyia (Phytohelea) n. sp. nr. antiguensis. G. Atrichopogon sp. (from Lake Opinicon, Ontario, Canada). H. Dasyhelea paracincta. I. Dasyhelea atlantis. J. Dasyhelea pseudoincisurata. K. Culicoides haematopotus. L. Culicoides phlebotomus. M. Paradasyhelea albipunctata. N. Ceratopogon boomerangus. O. Brachypogon sp. (from 6 km E. Falkland, BC, Canada). P. Alluaudomyia needhami. Q. Baeodasymyia christopheri (from Borkent & Craig 1999). R. Austrohelea campbellensis. S. Stilobezzia antennalis. T. Schizonyxhelea forattinii (from Borkent 2000a)." ; fabio:hasRepresentation ; a fabio:Figure . dc:description "FIGURE 32. Cephalothoraces and abdominal segments 1–3, in lateral view. A. Austroconops mcmillani. B. Leptoconops linleyi. C. Forcipomyia (Phytohelea) sp. (Florida, USA). D. Atrichopogon sp. (from 6.5 km NW Enderby, BC, Canada). E. Dasyhelea sp., in anteroventral view (Herman Lake, 4 km SE Eagle Bay, BC, Canada). F. Dasyhelea oppresa. G. Culicoides denticulatus. H. Ceratopogon nr. abstrusus. I. Brachypogon sp. (from 6 km E. Falkland, BC, Canada). J. Alluaudomyia bella. K. Baeodasymyia michaeli. L. Stilobezzia antennalis." ; fabio:hasRepresentation ; a fabio:Figure . dc:description "FIGURE 34. Legs, wings and apices of the antennae, in ventral view. A. Austroconops mcmillani. B. Leptoconops kerteszi. C. Forcipomyia (Euprojoannisia) sp. (from Peru). D. Atrichopogon sp. (from Lake Opinicon, Ontario, Canada). E. Dasyhelea paracincta. F. Culicoides sp. (from 3 km E. Carp, Ontario, Canada)." ; fabio:hasRepresentation ; a fabio:Figure . dc:description "FIGURE 43. Respiratory organs, most in dorsal view, Fig. 43T in lateral view, pattern on tracheal tubes shown only in some. A. Dasyhelea pseudoincisurata (from Waugh & Wirth 1976). B. Dasyhelea grisea (from Waugh & Wirth 1976). C. Dasyhelea traverae (from Waugh & Wirth 1976). D. Dasyhelea pseudocincta (from Waugh & Wirth 1976). E. Dasyhelea leptobranchia (from Waugh & Wirth 1976). F. Dasyhelea brevicornis (from Waugh & Wirth 1976). G. Dasyhelea hitchcocki (from Wirth 1976a). H. Culicoides chiopterus (from Jamnback 1965). I. Culicoides furens (from Jamnback 1965). J. Culicoides guttipennis (from Jamnback 1965). K. Culicoides dewulfi (from Kettle & Lawson 1952, as C. pseudochiopterus). L. Culicoides punctatus (from Kettle & Lawson 1952). M. Culicoides sanguisuga (from Jamnback 1965). N. Culicoides variipennis (from Jamnback 1965). O. Paradasyhelea albipunctata (from Elson-Harris & Kettle 1985a). P. Ceratopogon inverecundus (from Borkent & Grogan 1995). Q. Ceratopogon willisi (from Borkent & Grogan 1995). R. Brachypogon sp. (from Virginia, USA). S. Alluaudomyia needhami (from Wirth & Grogan 1981). T. Alluaudomyia fumosipennis (from Debenham 1971)." ; fabio:hasRepresentation ; a fabio:Figure . dc:description "FIGURE 48. Metathoraces and tergites 1, in dorsal view. A. Culicoides haematopotus. B. Paradasyhelea minuta. C. Ceratopogon sp. nr. abstrusus. D. Brachypogon sp. (from 6 km E. Falkland, BC, Canada). E. Alluaudomyia needhami. F. Baeodasymyia michaeli." ; fabio:hasRepresentation ; a fabio:Figure . dc:description "FIGURE 57. Abdominal segments four, in dorsal and ventral view (shagreen not shown). A. Culicoides haematopotus (from Borkent 2012). B. Paradasyhelea albipunctata. C. Ceratopogon boomerangus (from Borkent & Grogan 1995, compressed dorsoventrally)." ; fabio:hasRepresentation ; a fabio:Figure . dc:description "FIGURE 73. Abdominal segments 9. A. Dasyhelea laeta, female, in ventral view (from Mayer 1934c). B. Dasyhelea assimilis, male, in lateral view with ventral to the right (from Mayer 1934c). C. Dasyhelea assimilis, male, in lateral view with ventral to the right (from Mayer 1934c). D. Dasyhelea grisea, male, in dorsal view (from Waugh & Wirth 1976). E. Dasyhelea chani, female, in dorsal view (from Wirth & Linley 1990). F. Dasyhelea atlantis, female, in ventral view (from Waugh & Wirth 1976). G. Dasyhelea gluchovae, female, in ventral view (from Brodskaya 1996). H. Culicoides haematopotus, female, in dorsal and ventral view (shagreen not shown). I. Paradasyhelea albipunctata, female, in dorsal view (Elson-Harris & Kettle 1985a). J. Ceratopogon boomerangus, female, in ventral view (modified from Borkent & Grogan 1995). K. Brachypogon artemis, female, in dorsal view (from Debenham 1991). L. Alluaudomyia appendiculata, female, in dorsal view (from Elson-Harris & Kettle 1985b)." ; fabio:hasRepresentation ; a fabio:Figure . dc:description "FIGURE 79. Evolution of ecdysial sutures and splits in pupal exuviae of Ceratopogonidae, head and anterior portion of thorax in ventral view. Numbers refer to character states of characters 2 and 8 in text. Red indicates ecdysial splits. A. Leptoconopinae. B. Forcipomyiinae. C. Dasyheleinae. D. Most Ceratopogonini. E. Most Ceratopogonini, Clinohelea. F. Allohelea, Atyphohelea, Parabezzia. G. Heteromyia, Pellucidomyia, Hebetula. H. most Sphaeromiini s. lat., most Palpomyiini, Paryphoconus; some Bezzia are nearly completed fused (as in Fig. 79I), with only the dorsal apotome separate, along with an ecdysial split along the base of the antenna and the dorsal thoracic split. I. Jenkinshelea, Macropeza, Mallochohelea, Probezzia, Neobezzia." ; fabio:hasRepresentation ; a fabio:Figure . dc:description "FIGURE 44. Respiratory organs, in dorsal view, pattern on tracheal tubes shown only in some. A. Alluaudomyia latipennis (from Debenham 1971). B. Alluaudomyia footei (from Wirth & Grogan 1981). C. Baeodasymyia christopheri (from Borkent & Craig 1999). D. Austrohelea campbellensis. E. Stilobezzia antennalis (from Wirth & Grogan 1981, modified). F. Stilobezzia glauca (from Wirth & Grogan 1981). G. Stilobezzia ochracea (from Kettle & Lawson 1952). H. Stilobezzia diversa (from Wirth & Grogan 1981). I. Stilobezzia rabelloi (from Borkent & Craig 2001). J. Stilobezzia navaiae (from Wirth & Grogan 1981). K. Stilobezzia lutea (from Wirth & Grogan 1981). L. Schizonyxhelea bulla (from Wirth & Grogan 1981, as a Stilobezzia). M. Schizonyxhelea forattinii (from Borkent 2000a). N. Serromyia femorata (from Kettle & Lawson 1952). O. Allohelea japonica. P.Monohelea hirsuta (from Wirth & Grogan 1981, modified). Q. Atyphohelea macroneura (from Borkent 1998). R. Parabezzia alexanderi (from Grogan & Wirth 1977a). S. Parabezzia huberti (from Grogan & Wirth 1977a). T. Echinohelea lanei (from Wirth 1994b)." ; fabio:hasRepresentation ; a fabio:Figure .