Nakahara, Shinichi; Zacca, Thamara; Dias, Fernando M. S.; Dolibaina, Diego R.; Xiao, Lei; Espeland, Marianne; Casagrande, Mirna M.; Mielke, Olaf H. H.; Lamas, Gerardo; Huertas, Blanca; Kleckner, Kaylin; Willmott, Keith R.
Revision of the poorly known Neotropical butterfly genus Zischkaia Forster, 1964 (Lepidoptera, Nymphalidae, Satyrinae), with descriptions of nine new species
Fig. 1. Likelihood tree with the best log-likelihood score (-LnL = -2536.1613) given our data based on DNA ‘barcodes’, depicting Zischkaia as a well-supported clade. Support values are represented by SHaLRT/UF Bootstrap. Abbreviations: HT = Holotype; NT = Neotype.
Fig. 2. Zischkaia “pacarus clade”, wing plate. A–B. Z. amalda (Weymer, 1911), lectotype, ♂, dorsal and ventral views. C–D. Z. arctoa Nakahara, sp. nov., paratype, ♂ (in RFC, collected in 1975), dorsal and ventral views. E–F. Z. chullachaki Nakahara & Zacca, sp. nov., holotype, ♂, dorsal and ventral views. G–H. Z. chullachaki sp. nov., paratype, ♀ (DZ 36. 508), dorsal and ventral views. I–J. Z. baku Zacca, Dolibaina & Dias, sp. nov., holotype, ♂, dorsal and ventral views. K–L. Z. baku sp. nov., paratype, ♀ (DZ 36. 404), dorsal and ventral views. M–N. Z. arenisca Nakahara, Willmott & Hall, sp. nov., holotype, ♂, dorsal and ventral views. O–P. Z. arenisca sp. nov., paratype, ♀ (FLMNH-MGCL 297320), dorsal and ventral views. Q–R. Z. argyrosflecha Nakahara, L. Miller & Huertas, sp. nov., holotype, ♂, dorsal and ventral views. S–T. Z. pacarus (Godart, [1824]), neotype, ♂, dorsal and ventral views. U–V. Z. pacarus, ♀ (DZ 36. 909), dorsal and ventral views. W–X. Z. abanico Nakahara & Petit, sp. nov., holotype, ♂, dorsal and ventral views. Scale bar: 1 cm.
Fig. 4. Zischkaia “pacarus clade”, male genitalia. A. Z. amalda (Weymer, 1911), lectotype, ♂, lateral view, with phallus separated (winglet on aedeagus shown inside rectangle) (Genitalic vial: SN-17- 21). B. Z. arctoa Nakahara, sp. nov., ♂, lateral view, with phallus separated (Genitalic vial: SN-17-9). C. Z. chullachaki Nakahara & Zacca, sp. nov., ♂, lateral view, with phallus separated (Genitalic vial: DZ 21. 235). D. Z. baku Zacca, Dolibaina & Dias, sp. nov., ♂, lateral view, with phallus separated (Genitalic vial: DZ 5. 573). E. Z. arenisca Nakahara, Willmott & Hall, sp. nov., ♂, lateral view, with phallus separated (Genitalic vial: SN-17-16). F. Z. argyrosflecha Nakahara, L. Miller & Huertas, sp. nov. ♂, lateral view, with phallus separated (two winglets on aedeagus shown inside rectangle) (Genitalic vial: M-9142 ♂, Lee D. Miller). G. Z. pacarus (Godart, [1824]), ♂, lateral view, with phallus separated (Genitalic vial: DZ 5. 578). H. Z. abanico Nakahara & Petit, sp. nov., ♂, lateral view, with phallus separated (Genitalic vial: 575/19.07.2017, J. Lorenc-Brudecka, MZUJ).
Fig. 6. Zischkaia “pacarus clade”, female genitalia. A–B. Z. chullachaki Nakahara & Zacca, sp. nov., ♀, lateral and ventral views (Genitalic vial DZ 36. 508). C–D. Z. baku Zacca, Dolibaina & Dias, sp. nov., ♀, lateral and ventral views (Genitalic vial: DZ 5. 571). E–F. Z. arenisca Nakahara, Willmott & Hall, sp. nov., ♀, lateral and ventral views (Genitalic vial: SN-17-174). G–H. Z. pacarus (Godart, [1824]), ♀, lateral and ventral views (Genitalic vial: DZ 36. 731).
Fig. 8. Fultura inferior (i.e., juxta). A. Zischkaia pacarus (Godart, [1824]) (DZ 5. 578), in ventral view. B. Z. saundersii (Butler, 1867) (DZ 5. 580), in posterior view.
Fig. 10. Head morphology. A–C. Zischkaia pacarus (Godart, 1824) (DZ 36.728). A. Ventral view. B. Frontal view. C. Lateral view. D–F. Z. saundersii (Butler, 1867) (DZ 36.029). D. Ventral view. E. Frontal view. C. Lateral view.
Fig. 11. Zischkaia pacarus (Godart, 1824), wing venation. A. ♂ (FLMHN-MGCL-1036002). B. ♀ (MGCL-LOAN 518).
Fig. 12. Wing scales of Zischkaia Forster, 1964. A–C. Images of forewing androconial scales of Z. pacarus (Godart, [1824]), showing the presence of plumose androconial scales. D. Typical wing scales of Z. pacarus. E–F. Images of forewing androconial scales of Z. chullachaki Nakahara & Zacca, sp. nov., showing the presence of plumose androconial scales.
Fig. 14. Distribution maps for taxa of Zischkaia Forster, 1964.
Fig. 16. Habitats of species of Zischkaia Forster, 1964. A. Habitat at the type locality of Z. josti Nakahara & Kleckner, sp. nov., Kavanayen, Venezuela (photo by Bernhard Jost). B. Adult in situ at Serra da Esperança, Guarapuava, Paraná, Brazil (photo by Andrew Warren). C. Habitat of Z. warreni Dias, Zacca & Dolibaina, sp. nov., Serra da Esperança, Guarapuava, Paraná, Brazil (photo by Andrew Warren).
Araujo, O. H. H & Mielke & M. M. Casagrande
O. H. H. Mielke & Araujo & M. M. Casagrande