@prefix rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#> .
@prefix rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#> .
@prefix bibo: <http://purl.org/ontology/bibo/> .
@prefix cito: <http://purl.org/spar/cito/> .
@prefix dc: <http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/> .
@prefix dwc: <http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/> .
@prefix dwcFP: <http://filteredpush.org/ontologies/oa/dwcFP#> .
@prefix fabio: <http://purl.org/spar/fabio/> .
@prefix trt: <http://plazi.org/vocab/treatment#> .
@prefix xlink: <http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink/> .

<http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03877623626AFFCD2DEFB41DFA7B5BFE>
    cito:cites <http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7958945>, <http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7958951>, <http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7958939>, <http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7958941>, <http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7958943>, <http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7958949>, <http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7958991>, <http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7958947>, <http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7959011>, <http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7959031> ;
    dc:creator "Shi, Hongliang; Liang, Hongbin" ;
    dc:title "Bothynoptera Schaum 1863" ;
    trt:augmentsTaxonConcept <http://taxon-concept.plazi.org/id/Animalia/Bothynoptera_Schaum_1863> ;
    trt:deprecates <http://taxon-concept.plazi.org/id/Animalia/Parena_Motschulsky_> ;
    trt:publishedIn <http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5286.1.1> ;
    a trt:Treatment .

<http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5286.1.1>
    bibo:endPage "144" ;
    bibo:issue "1" ;
    bibo:journal "Zootaxa" ;
    bibo:pubDate "2023-05-18" ;
    bibo:startPage "1" ;
    bibo:volume "5286" ;
    dc:creator "Shi, Hongliang; Liang, Hongbin" ;
    dc:date "2023" ;
    dc:title "Taxonomic revision of the genus Parena Motschulsky, 1860 (Coleoptera, Carabidae, Lebiini, Metallicina)" ;
    fabio:hasPart <http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7958945>, <http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7958951>, <http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7958939>, <http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7958941>, <http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7958943>, <http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7958949>, <http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7958991>, <http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7958947>, <http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7959011>, <http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7959031> ;
    a fabio:JournalArticle .

<http://taxon-concept.plazi.org/id/Animalia/Bothynoptera_Schaum_1863>
    dwc:authority "Schaum, 1863" ;
    dwc:authorityName "Schaum" ;
    dwc:authorityYear "1863" ;
    dwc:class "Insecta" ;
    dwc:family "Carabidae" ;
    dwc:genus "Bothynoptera" ;
    dwc:kingdom "Animalia" ;
    dwc:order "Coleoptera" ;
    dwc:phylum "Arthropoda" ;
    dwc:rank "genus" ;
    dwc:scientificNameAuthorship "Schaum, 1863" ;
    rdfs:seeAlso <https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/8LR5S> ;
    trt:hasTaxonName <http://taxon-name.plazi.org/id/Animalia/Bothynoptera> ;
    a dwcFP:TaxonConcept .

<http://taxon-concept.plazi.org/id/Animalia/Parena_Motschulsky_>
    dwc:authority "Motschulsky" ;
    dwc:authorityName "Motschulsky" ;
    dwc:class "Insecta" ;
    dwc:family "Carabidae" ;
    dwc:genus "Parena" ;
    dwc:kingdom "Animalia" ;
    dwc:order "Coleoptera" ;
    dwc:phylum "Arthropoda" ;
    dwc:rank "genus" ;
    dwc:scientificNameAuthorship "Motschulsky" ;
    rdfs:seeAlso <https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/8LR5S> ;
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<http://taxon-name.plazi.org/id/Animalia/Bothynoptera>
    dwc:class "Insecta" ;
    dwc:family "Carabidae" ;
    dwc:genus "Bothynoptera" ;
    dwc:kingdom "Animalia" ;
    dwc:order "Coleoptera" ;
    dwc:phylum "Arthropoda" ;
    dwc:rank "genus" ;
    trt:hasParentName <http://taxon-name.plazi.org/id/Animalia/Carabidae> ;
    a dwcFP:TaxonName .

<http://taxon-name.plazi.org/id/Animalia/Carabidae>
    dwc:class "Insecta" ;
    dwc:family "Carabidae" ;
    dwc:kingdom "Animalia" ;
    dwc:order "Coleoptera" ;
    dwc:phylum "Arthropoda" ;
    dwc:rank "family" ;
    trt:hasParentName <http://taxon-name.plazi.org/id/Animalia/Coleoptera> ;
    a dwcFP:TaxonName .

<http://taxon-name.plazi.org/id/Animalia/Coleoptera>
    dwc:class "Insecta" ;
    dwc:kingdom "Animalia" ;
    dwc:order "Coleoptera" ;
    dwc:phylum "Arthropoda" ;
    dwc:rank "order" ;
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    a dwcFP:TaxonName .

<http://taxon-name.plazi.org/id/Animalia/Insecta>
    dwc:class "Insecta" ;
    dwc:kingdom "Animalia" ;
    dwc:phylum "Arthropoda" ;
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    a dwcFP:TaxonName .

<http://taxon-name.plazi.org/id/Animalia/Arthropoda>
    dwc:kingdom "Animalia" ;
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<http://taxon-name.plazi.org/id/Animalia>
    dwc:kingdom "Animalia" ;
    dwc:rank "kingdom" ;
    a dwcFP:TaxonName .

<http://taxon-name.plazi.org/id/Animalia/Parena>
    dwc:class "Insecta" ;
    dwc:family "Carabidae" ;
    dwc:genus "Parena" ;
    dwc:kingdom "Animalia" ;
    dwc:order "Coleoptera" ;
    dwc:phylum "Arthropoda" ;
    dwc:rank "genus" ;
    trt:hasParentName <http://taxon-name.plazi.org/id/Animalia/Carabidae> ;
    a dwcFP:TaxonName .

<http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7958945>
    dc:description "FIGURE 4. Elytral base (left) of Parena spp. A P. (Parena) bicolor Motschulsky, Sumatra. B P. (Parena) africana (Alluaud), Cameroon. C P. (Crossoglossa) laesipennis (Bates), Taiwan. D P. (Bothynoptera) tripunctata (Bates), Beijing. E P. (Bothynoptera) dorsigera (Schaum), Guangxi. F P. (Bothynoptera) heteronycha sp. n., Laos, paratype. Scale bars = 0.5mm (a for fig. D, b for figs A B E F, c for fig. C). Abbreviations: bp elytral basal pore; sa the apex of scutellum; d1 the first discal setigerous pore." ;
    fabio:hasRepresentation <https://zenodo.org/record/7958945/files/figure.png> ;
    a fabio:Figure .

<http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7958951>
    dc:description "FIGURE 7. Diagram of the ventral surface of male mesotarsomeres 1–3, white strips representing the variety of adhesive setal patterns in different species of genus Parena." ;
    fabio:hasRepresentation <https://zenodo.org/record/7958951/files/figure.png> ;
    a fabio:Figure .

<http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7958939>
    dc:description "FIGURE 1. Antennae and mouthparts of Parena spp. A–D Line drawings of basal three antennomeres, view of lateral surface: A P. (Crossoglossa) cavipennis (Bates). B P. (Bothynoptera) malaisei (Andrewes). C P. (Parena) africana (Alluaud). D P. (Parena) ruficornis sp. n. E Antennomeres 7–11 of P. (Parena) nigrolineata (Chaudoir), showing the sensory pits on dorsal surface. F–G Labrum of P. (Crossoglossa) cavipennis (Bates), Beijing: F dorsal surface. G ventral surface. H Maxilla of P. (Crossoglossa) cavipennis (Bates), Beijing. Scale bars = 0.2mm." ;
    fabio:hasRepresentation <https://zenodo.org/record/7958939/files/figure.png> ;
    a fabio:Figure .

<http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7958941>
    dc:description "FIGURE 2. Mandibles of Parena spp.: left mandible, dorsum (ld); right mandible, dorsum (rd); left mandible, venter (lv); right mandible, venter (rv). A P. (Crossoglossa) cavipennis (Bates), Shaanxi. B P. (Parena) latecincta (Bates), Zhejiang. C P. (Bothynoptera) dorsigera (Schaum), Guangxi. D P. (Bothynoptera) taiwana Hua, Taiwan. E P. (Bothynoptera) tripunctata (Bates), Beijing. Scale bar = 0.5mm. Abbreviations: rr retinacular ridge of right mandible; vg ventral groove." ;
    fabio:hasRepresentation <https://zenodo.org/record/7958941/files/figure.png> ;
    a fabio:Figure .

<http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7958943>
    dc:description "FIGURE 3. A–D Labia of Parena spp.: A P. (Crossoglossa) cavipennis (Bates), Beijing. B P. (Parena) latecincta (Bates), Zhejiang. C P. (Bothynoptera) dorsigera (Schaum), Guangxi. D P. (Bothynoptera) tripunctata (Bates), Beijing. E–F Heads of Parena spp. in lateral view: E P. (Bothynoptera) taiwana Hua, Taiwan, suborbital setae present. F P. (Parena) latecincta (Bates), Yunnan, suborbital seta absent. Scale bars = 0.5mm." ;
    fabio:hasRepresentation <https://zenodo.org/record/7958943/files/figure.png> ;
    a fabio:Figure .

<http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7958949>
    dc:description "FIGURE 6. A Hind wing, P. (Crossoglossa) cavipennis (Bates), Beijing, scale bar = 1mm. Abbreviations: oc oblongum cell; wc wedge cell. B–G Tarsals claws of right hindlegs for Metallicina spp., scale bar = 0.2mm: B Pachycallida rufoplagiata Jeannel, Madagascar, Sept Lacs, female. C Metallica viridipennis Chaudoir, Cameroon, Bois des Singes, male. D P. (Crossoglossa) sciakyi sp. n., holotype. E P. (Bothynoptera) kurosai Habu, Nepal. F P. (Bothynoptera) heteronycha sp. n., Laos, paratype. G P. (Parena) latecincta (Bates), Vietnam. H Protibia of P. (Parena) nigrolineata (Chaudoir), scale bar = 0.5 mm. I Mesotarsomeres of male of P. (Parena) nigrolineata (Chaudoir), adhesive hairs present on mesotarsomere 1, scale bar = 0.2mm. J Mesotarsomeres of male for P. (Parena) latecincta (Bates), adhesive hairs absent from mesotarsomere 1, scale bar = 0.2mm." ;
    fabio:hasRepresentation <https://zenodo.org/record/7958949/files/figure.png> ;
    a fabio:Figure .

<http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7958991>
    dc:description "FIGURE 26. Parena (Bothynoptera) heteronycha sp. n. A Habitus of holotype. B Habitus of paratype. C Mouthparts of holotype. D Labels of holotype. E Metatarsus. F Mesotarsus. G Protarsus. Scale bars = 2 mm for A, B; 0.5mm for E, F, G." ;
    fabio:hasRepresentation <https://zenodo.org/record/7958991/files/figure.png> ;
    a fabio:Figure .

<http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7958947>
    dc:description "FIGURE 5. Elytral apex (left) of Parena spp. A P. (Parena) africana (Alluaud), Cameroon. B P. (Parena) ruficornis sp. n., Central Africa, paratype. C P. (Parena) valeriae Facchini, holotype. D P. (Parena) madagascariensis (Alluaud), Madagascar. E P. (Bothynoptera) tesari (Jedlička), Taiwan. F P. (Bothynoptera) heteronycha sp. n., Laos, paratype. G P. (Bothynoptera) kurosai Habu, Japan. H P. (Bothynoptera) dorsigera (Schaum), Yunnan. I P. (Bothynoptera) dorsigera (Schaum), Beijing. J P. (Bothynoptera) dorsigera (Schaum), Japan. Scale bars = 0.5mm" ;
    fabio:hasRepresentation <https://zenodo.org/record/7958947/files/figure.png> ;
    a fabio:Figure .

<http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7959011>
    dc:description "FIGURE 36. Habitus of Parena (Bothynoptera) taiwana Hua. A Male from Guangxi. B Female from Taiwan. C Male from Taiwan. Scale bars = 2 mm." ;
    fabio:hasRepresentation <https://zenodo.org/record/7959011/files/figure.png> ;
    a fabio:Figure .

<http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7959031>
    dc:description "FIGURE 46. Parena (Bothynoptera) emarginata sp. n. A Habitus of holotype. B Habitus of paratype. C Mouthparts of holotype. D Labels of holotype. Scale bars = 2 mm." ;
    fabio:hasRepresentation <https://zenodo.org/record/7959031/files/figure.png> ;
    a fabio:Figure .