dc:creator"Reise, Heike; Schwarzer, Anne-Katrin; Hutchinson, John M. C.; Schlitt, Bettina";
dc:date"2020";
dc:title"Genital morphology differentiates three subspecies of the terrestrial slug Arion ater (Linnæus, 1758) s. l. and reveals a continuum of intermediates with the invasive A. vulgaris Moquin-Tandon, 1855";
dc:description"Figs 1–3. Schematic sketches of the genitalia of: 1 – Arion ater s.l., 2 – A. vulgaris (dashed lines in 1 and 2 indicate the cuts recommended), 3 – the opened upper atrium of A. ater s.l. viewed from the inside, with the dorsal side of the atrium in Fig. 1 reflected over to the right: the cut edge is indicated with a double line";
dc:description"Figs 5–24. Variability of the ligula within and between morphotypes of A. ater s.l. (5–10 – FR; 11–15 BR; 16–21 – AR) and A. vulgaris (22–24). Figures on the left show schematic views of the atrium, indicating the intra-morphotype range of configurations of the ligula base on the inside of the atrium: each variant configuration is distinguished by a different pattern of hatching or spotting. The ridge on the inside of the atrium is indicated with a dashed line and the site of attachment of the retractor muscle with horizontal hatching. Figures on the right show the range of shapes of the flattened-out ligula (viewed from the inside), distinguishing the base (attached to the atrium or oviduct wall) from the surrounding free-hanging flange. In the FR and BR morphotypes of A. ater s.l. a spongy funnel-shaped area of the ligula is shown; at the tip of the funnel is the oviduct opening, but this is often difficult to discern. In the AR morphotype the opening of the oviduct is usually instead surrounded by a circular swelling, and the opening is more apparent (Figs 19–21). Abbreviations: ovo – oviduct opening, lbrf – ligula base, right flank, lblf – ligula base, left flank";
dc:description"Figs 40–42. Genital anatomy of A. vulgaris (SMNG p17650, Rutschung P, Görlitz, DE, leg. 2005): 40 – the dissected genitalia closed back together to indicate the intact form; 41 – the atrium and distal oviduct opened to reveal the ligula (shaded olive: the left flank of the ligula is absent, and its flap is too small to show here); 42 – tubercles inside distal part of epiphallus. Abbreviations: bd – bursa-duct, ep – epiphallus, la – lower atrium, ua – upper atrium, frf – flap of right flank, rf – right flank of ligula, ov – oviduct, rt – retractor muscle";
